Distribution and Systematics of Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida TIN A. BUZAS” ae ee oe KENNETH P: SEVE NUMBER 16 ote yay SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of ‘‘diffusing knowledge’’ was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: ‘‘It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.’’ This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various ythgohien..museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. Ste vi iat aie)! S. Dillon Ripley ee secretary Suit BURNS Rated : Smithsonian Institution | SMH SONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES © NUMBER 16 NOV 3 0 1982 Ng LIBRARIES Distribution and Systematics of Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida Martin A. Buzas and Kenneth P. Severin ISSUED NOV 2 2 1962 SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1982 By Smly RIAs Buzas, Martin A., and Kenneth P. Severin. Distribution and Systematics of Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 16, 73 pages, 25 figures, 6 tables, 11 plates, 1982.—The Indian River, a shallow, 195 km long estuary, is bounded on the east by a barrier island. Three inlets divide the barrier island, providing exchange with the Atlantic Ocean. Twelve areas covering the length of the estuary were sampled for living foraminifera. Altogether, 17,348 individuals belonging to 94 species were identified. The mean number of individuals and the number of species generally increase from north to south. The densities of the 15 most abundant species, comprising 95% of the total number of living individuals, were analyzed by canonical variate analysis. The first canonical axis discriminated the inlets and the northernmost (Hau- lover) area from the rest. On the second canonical axis, the 12 areas were arranged in a north-to-south series. Examination of the data confirms that the analysis succinctly summarizes foraminiferal distribution in the Indian River. Taxonomic notes are given for each species, and almost all species are illustrated. /shamella apertura, new genus and species, is described and illus- trated. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smzthsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic Coast of eastern North America. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Buzas, Martin A. Distribution and systematics of Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida. (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 16) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.41:16 1. Foraminifera—Florida—Indian River—Classification. 2. Foraminifera—Florida—Indian River—Geographical distribution. 3. Protozoa—Classification. 4. Protozoa—Geographi- cal distribution. 5. Protozoa—Florida—Indian River—Classification. 6. Protozoa—Flor- ida—Indian River—Geographical distribution. I. Severin, Kenneth P. II. Title. III. Series. QOL368.F6B874 593.1'209759'28 81-607104 AACR2 Contents INCU DOGS. Aeon aie be asaeat cAtGs ovetty Goaltn a ot neeiee a Ore nek ne ee ace Sampo lin celal aneereey er reser nee mente ert eee ta be Ne eke OLS, FENG MAST OOCIS 145 Weer alas ele Sw eect aie aig OPE oie nn et Wa onatomye VicthOdSe wyatt tek ooh ee REC estes bees ee es Stamsicale Vic thocdsiimey ww Aen ate ee tice heh eee Dade cans SJOOCIES IDINVSRSIGZ sai pn eras ie 6 tee Sa a Ie eee Dist MMOonvoleWanreiOPECless Wil ey le ne et ee | DIGCUISSIOI *- 5 an andi at tlere so bela Get Gate mets Morty ca EN Ae en oa ee SWSteMaGie CATANYS. pig oho fous a se ae aoe ere oo eeu eee eae Appendix: Number of Living Individuals Observed in 20 ml Replicate SEMUNOMES ys wg giowe alain 0 pe Ace broach tsa tes ome oot cet enn a ae ee | Lanteraittuns’ CAUeee ase a 6 co sien oe oped ears a ree ee eae ey el eae ee re |PIBWWES 5.» a's. o's 089.9.5 om oly bran hake ate Aiea ei SOCIO PR Ae ae me an il Distribution and Systematics of Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida Martin A. Buzas and Kenneth P. Severin Introduction The Indian River, a shallow, 195 km long body of water on the east-central coast of Florida (Fig- ure lL), is a euryhaline and eurythermal estuary. Bounded on the east by a barrier island, the southern half of the estuary is connected with the Atlantic Ocean by three inlets: Sebastian, Fort Pierce (Jim’s Flat of this study), and St. Lucie. All the inlets are maintained artificially. The northern end of the estuary is connected to the ocean via Haulover Canal, which links the estu- ary to the Mosquito Lagoon and the Ponce de Leon Inlet 40 km farther north. The average depth of the Indian River is about 1.5 m; the greatest depths, about 3.5 m, occur in the Intracoastal Waterway and other dredged boat channels. The substrate is quartz sand with a low percentage of silt and clay. Because of the shallow depths, the waters of the estuary are influenced by a combination of tidal flushing, surface drainage, rainfall, and wind conditions. Near the inlets, estuarine water is exchanged with the Atlantic Ocean on a semidiurnal basis and has little variation in salinity and only sea- Martin A. Buzas, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560. Kenneth P. Severin, Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, California 95616. sonal differences in temperature (Table 1). In the portions of the river away from the inlets, how- ever, the tidal influence is almost negligible, and conditions are determined by nontidal effects. In general, the range of variation in temperature and salinity decreases from north to south (Table 1), whereas the average increases. An overall gra- dient of decreasing environmental variability from north to south was pointed out by Young et al. (1976), Young and Young (1977), and Nelson et al. (1982). Although the foraminifera of the bays and estuaries of the northeastern continental margin of North America are relatively well studied, very little information exists from the shallower waters of the southeastern portion of the continent (Cul- ver and Buzas, 1980). The purpose of the present investigation is to document the distribution and systematics of the foraminifera from the major estuary in east-central Florida. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank M. Abrams, R. Bronson, K. Carle, M. Cavanaugh, G. Heim, A. Lanham, C. Leibhauser, C. McCloy, and S. Pohanka for help in the laboratory. The samples were collected by K. Carle, D. Mook, and D. Young. The foraminifera and figures were drawn by Lawrence Isham. J. Piraino operated the SEM, and T. Smoyer assisted greatly in the dark- room. D. Dean prepared specimens for sectioning. ir) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES { ® | 0) 10 20 30 > = Gm VY KILOMETERS aA Sebastian Inlet jr @. John's Island Link Port e. Jim's Flat roe Se ~ Fort Pierce Inlet Buoy 195 yi Herman's Bay Jensen Beach St. Lucie Inlet St. Lucie Transect Ficure 1.—Sampling localities. C. G. Adams and J. Whittaker provided access to several specimens in the British Museum (NH). June Jones for typing it. D. Dance and H. Marshall assisted in the com- This is contribution number 234 from the Har- puter analysis. S. J. Culver provided helpful crit- | bor Branch Foundation. icisms of the manuscript, and, finally, we thank | NUMBER 16 | Tasre 1.—Ranges of temperature and salinity in the Indian | River (except where noted, all data are from Nelson et al., _ 1982) Location ie Haulover 11-34 20-46 Banana 15-35 18-40 Sebastian (Inlet) 14-30 25-36 | Vero Beach 15-30 25-35 (Mook, 1980) _ Link Port 12-32 20-38 Ft. Pierce (Inlet) 17-28 33-34 (Mook, 1980) Herman’s Bay 14-29 22-32 (Wilcox and Gilmore, 1977) St. Lucie (Inlet) 18-32 28-36 Methods SAMPLING PLAan.—The samples for this study were taken in 1975 and 1976. The sampling program consisted of either single stations or sta- tions located along a transect (Figure 1). At each transect station, two replicate cores were taken. One replicate from the John’s Island transect was lost. The inlets (Sebastian, Jim’s Flat at Fort Pierce, and St. Lucie) and Haulover and Banana consisted of single stations with four replicates. A replicate from the Banana station was lost. Table 2 lists the locations, the number of replicates (or observations), the date of sampling, and the lati- tude and longitude of each locality. Fre_pD MetHops.—Samples were taken by in- serting 3.5 cm diameter plastic core liners into the sediment by hand or, in deeper water, by attach- ing them to a long pole. Upon recovery the samples were fixed with neutralized formalin. LaBoratory MetHops.—On return to the lab- oratory, the top 20 ml of sediment was removed from the cores, washed over a 63 pm sieve, and stored in 95% ethanol. Before examination, the sample was stained for about 24 hours with rose bengal, washed once more over a 63 pum sieve, rinsed with acetone, and dried. The sample then was floated twice in a mixture of bromoform and acetone (specific gravity 2.4). The floated portion of the sample was re-wet, and the stained fora- minifera was picked out and placed on a micro- paleontologic slide for sorting, identification, and enumeration. STATISTICAL MertHops.—The sampling plan was designed so that replicates were taken at all locations. This allows the data to be analyzed by canonical variate analysis, also called multiple discriminant analysis. The use of this method for faunal analysis was described by Buzas (1967). The computer program used for the analysis is part of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). All densities were transformed to In (x+1) before analysis to insure stability of variances and to increase Normality. For each sampling location, the information function and a measure of equitability were cal- TasLe 2.—Sampling localities and dates of sampling, listed from north to south Location No. of replicates Date sampled Latitude/ Longitude Haulover station 4 30 Jun 1975 28° 44.1’N/80°45.5’W Banana station 3 30 Jun 1975 28° 12.0’N/80°37.0’W Sebastian Inlet station 4 26 Jun 1975 27°51.5'N/80°27.6’W John’s Island transect 4 (2 stations) 12 Feb 1976 27°41.6’N/80°23.4’W 5 (3 stations) 2 Mar 1976 27°41.6’N/80°23.4’W Vero Beach transect 10 (5 stations) 7 Sep 1977 27°37.1’N/80°22.0’W Link Port transect 6 (3 stations) 18 Dec 1975 27°32.1’N/80°20.9’W Jim’s Flat (inlet) station 4 25 Jun 1975 27°28.4’N/80° 19.0’W Buoy 195 transect 10 (5 stations) 12 Jan 1976 27°24.2’N/80°17.6’W Herman’s Bay transect 10 (5 stations) 17 Feb 1976 27°19.7’N/80° 15.0’W Jensen Beach transect 10 (5 stations) 22 Apr 1976 27°15.2’N/80°13.1’W St. Lucie transect 10 (5 stations) 17 Feb 1976 27°10.9’N/80°11.2’W St. Lucie Inlet station 4 25 Jun 1975 27°11.0’N/80° 10.1’W 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES culated. The information function was calculated from the formula ig — as Palani and equability from the formula E=—, S where ¢ is the base of the natural logarithms, and Sis the number of species (Buzas and Gibson, 1969). Distribution of Abundant Foraminifera Of the 94 species recorded in the Indian River, few were abundant. We arbitrarily chose the 15 most abundant species for canonical variate anal- ysis. These 15 species represent about 95% of the total living population. The first analysis was made using each station as a separate group. The results were difficult to interpret, and so we de- cided on a simpler scheme. Inspection of the data showed little difference among stations in tran- sects; consequently, all stations within transects were treated as a single group. This divided the samples into the 12 groups shown in Figure | and Table 2. The number of replicates varies from area to area and also is shown in Table 2. In all, there are N = 83 observations, h = 12 areas, and p = 15 species. Canonical variate, or multiple discriminant, analysis emphasizes the difference between mean vectors in a p-dimensional space. The first can- onical axis is placed as close as possible to the ends of the mean vectors, the second at right angles to the first, and so on. When p>h, there are only h—1 possible canonical variates. While this reduction in the number of dimensions is advantageous, an even greater advantage is that the first canonical variate will account for most of the variability, the second much less, and so on. In addition, each canonical variate is statis- tically independent and of unit variance, which greatly facilitates comparison of the results. In the grouping used, there are h-l = 11 possible eigenvalues. Of these, the first six were significant at the 95% level, using the criterion provided by the SPSS program used for the anal- ysis. These eigenvalues, the percent of the varia- bility accounted for, and their cumulative per- cent are shown in Table 3. The first six mean canonical variates are shown in Table 4. Mean canonical variate 1 contrasts Haulover, Sebastian, Jim’s Flat, and St. Lucie Inlet against the other areas. In other words, the first mean canonical variate, accounting for 37% of the total variability, indicates that Haulover and the inlets are quite distinct from the other areas. The second canonical variate, accounting for 17% of the total variability, contrasts the northern areas against the southern areas (Table 4). A plot of mean canonical variate | vs. mean canonical variate 2 (with 95% confidence circles) is shown in Figure 2. The inlets and Haulover are discriminated clearly from the remaining stations and from one another. The inlets and other areas are also arranged in a north-south pattern, with some areas slightly out of place (Figures 1, 2). Figures 3 through 17 plot the mean densities of the 15 most abundant species at the 12 areas, and Table 5 lists the mean number of individuals per replicate (20 ml of sediment) plus some other useful statistics. We recall the first canonical var- late contrasted Haulover, Sebastian, Jim’s Flat, St. Lucie Inlet, and the remaining areas. By examining the canonical discriminate function coefficients (Table 6), we can determine the spe- cies mainly responsible for this contrast. In order of importance, these species are: Gaudryina exilis (Figure 12), Cyclogyra planorbis (Figure 7), Elphi- dium guntert (Figure 9), Bolivina striatula (Figure 5), Nonionella auricula (Figure 13), Rosalina floridana Tasie 3.—The first six eigenvalues arranged in decreasing order with the percentage of variability accounted for Se Percent o Cumulative Eigenvalue vartabil a percent 4.44 37.36 37.36 2.04 17.20 54.56 1.35 11.37 65.93 1.08 9.06 74.99 1.05 8.87 83.86 0.82 6.93 90.79 } NUMBER 16 TasLe 4.—Mean canonical variates for the first six variates (localities listed from north to south) Area CV I CV 2 CV 3 CV 4 CV CV 6 Haulover 4.03 jl3v 0.56 —0.89 —1.69 0.14 Banana —1.00 —2.50 0315) 0.32 —0.32 1.06 Sebastian 2.01 =Il37 —2.64 1.47 —0.80 —1.00 John’s Island —0.52 —2.04 —0.25 0.95 0.35 0.09 Vero Beach —1.45 —1.20 0.09 —1.69 0.62 0.60 Link Port —1.86 0.02 —0.35 —0.74 0.87 —1.80 Jim’s Flat 5.15 0.30 1.26 —0.17 0.84 1.08 Buoy 195 —1.49 1.22 == (mlb, E22 0.61 1.13 Herman’s Bay —0.01 0.20 2.12 0.73 0.03 —0.99 Jensen Beach —0.81 0.87 0.02 —0.02 lel 0.05 St. Lucie transect —0.31 1.63 —0.67 —0.66 —1.07 0.06 St. Lucie Inlet 3.58 1.73 —Il3y2 —0.40 2.25 —0.52 TasLe 3.—Mean number of living individuals at Indian River localities oOo JOKN'S VERO JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S JENSEN ST, LUCIE ST, LUCIE GRAND SPECIES HAULOVER BANANA SEBASTIAN ISLAND BEACH LINKPORT FLAT 195 BAY BEACH TRANSECT INLET MEAN AMMONIA BECCARII,...eee 37.75 45.67 68,25 87.67 90.30 69,17 78.00 177.40 75.90 31,60 134,00 74.75 80.87 BOLIVINA STRIATULA,.. see 7.25 0.00 8.50 23.56 12.40 12.67 9.50 50.50 87.00 16.20 31.90 23.25 23.56 QUINQUELOCULINA SEMINULA, 46.50 3.00 8,00 8.67 10.10 2.83 44.25 5.80 12.40 8.90 38.70 9.75 16.57 QUINGUELUCULINA IMPRESSA, 17.75 76.33 7.25 19.22 14.80 0.83 27.50 1.10 7.10 5.60 4.70 2.75 15.41 BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA, 1.00 0.00 3.50 4.89 2.10 4.50 13.00 30.30 21.70 5.00 24.50 70.25 15.06 ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM,...06 7.75 1.67 33.25 2.11 10.60 1.17 10,25 1.50 0.50 2.40 16.40 15.75 6.61 ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM,, 4.75 10.00 9.75 15.89 2.80 5.67 2.25 8.50 0.90 0.60 2.10 17.50 6.73 NONIGNELLA AURICULA 0.25 0,00 3.00 0.44 0.10 2.33 6.50 6.10 16.40 4.00 11,40 4.25 4.56 ELPHICIUM GUNTERI., 0.25 4.33 0.75 13,11 22.00 7.83 0.00 1.20 1,70 1,30 0.10 0.25 4.40 CYCLUGYRA PLANORBIS....ccccscceese 7.25 0.00 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.00 0,00 0.20 0.00 0.60 7.50 3.28 RUSALINA FLURIDANA,.. .eccccesccess 0.00 0.00 9.00 O11 6.00 5.50 0.00 1.60 0.80 1.20 2.20 1.75 1,60 ROSALINA GLOBULARIS. ..scccccccvcce 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 1,00 1.25 2.10 0.70 1.50 4.50 3.25 1.53 GAUDKYINA EXILIS. c..cccccecccccece 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.22 0.50 0.00 1.25 8.30 0.20 1.60 3.90 0.50 1.44 ELPHIDIUM KUGLERT..csecccccccccces 1.50 0,67 0.50 0.44 2.30 0.00 3.50 3.00 1.10 0.00 0.60 3.00 1,35 AMMOBACULITES EXILIS. .cccccccceece 0.00 1.33 1.75 0.44 0.60 0,00 5.50 2.90 0.00 0,80 0.20 0.25 1.15 MEAN TOTAL OF ABUNDANT SPECIES,..- 132.50 143,00 147.50 177.78 176.00 113.50 224.75 300,30 226.60 80.70 275.80 234.75 MEAN TOTAL OF ALL SPECIES. ..eeeeee 139.50 149.33 149,50 182,22 186.00 118,33 254.50 316.19 249,90 93.90 292.30 248.50 sree cece ereseeetHevesereeceeseeees 14929 1.361 1.771 1.783 1.953 1.646 2.283 1.712 2,011 2.451 1%5.9.937; 2.145 eee e rece trees etineccerecesesesess 04328 0.325 0.326 0.213 0.214 0.216 0.327 0.105 0.144 0.237 0.142 0.231 NUMBER UF SPECIES... .ccccccccccce 21 12 18 28 33 24 30 53 52 49 52 37 NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS. ..sccceecee 4 3 4 9 10 i) 4 10 10 10 10 4 TUTAL INDIVIDUALS... .cccccceeeess 558 448 598 1640 1860 710 1018 3161 2499 939 2923 994 TaBLe 6.—Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients Species Function 1 Function 2 Ammonia beccari —0.02 —0.38 Bolwina striatula 0.63 —0.64 Quinqueloculina seminula 0.37 0.13 Quinqueloculina impressa —0.09 —0.58 Buliminella elegantissima 0.13 0.78 Elphidium mexicanum 0.47 —0.17 Elphidium excavatum —0.12 —0.45 Nonionella auricula —0.58 0.16 Elphidium gunteri —0.75 —0.11 Cyclogyra planorbis 0.85 0.20 Rosalina floridana =0)5i1 0.37 Rosalina globularis —0.10 0.39 Gaudryina exilis —0.87 0.57 Elphidium kuglerr 0.12 0.12 Ammobaculites exilis 0.28 —0.16 (Figure 16), and Elphidium mexicanum (Figure 11). Some of these species have higher than average densities at Haulover and the inlets, whereas others have lower than average densities. In par- ticular, the species C. planorbis and E. mexicanum have higher than average densities at Haulover and the inlets. We recall that the second canonical variate contrasts northern and southern areas. The can- onical discriminate function coefficients (Table 6) indicate that, in order of importance, the most important species are Buliminella elegantissima (Fig- ure 6), Bolwina striatula, Quinqueloculina impressa (Figure 14), and Gaudryina exilis (Figure 12). Quan- queloculina impressa increases in density northward, whereas the other species increase southward. Tables 5 and 6 show that the canonical variate CANONICAL VARIATE 2 MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES SEBASTIAN BANANA -| (0) | 2 3 4 5 CANONICAL VARIATE | Ficure 2.—Plot of mean canonical variates 1 and 2. Ammobaculites exilis HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 3.—Mean densities of Ammobaculites exilis at Indian River sampling sites. NUMBER 16 200 (dp) sail < . ee a '60 Ammonia beccari! > (an) Z 20 Le (e) tl oO 80 = =) z zm 40 a G WW = O HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 4.—Mean densities of Ammonia beccariu at Indian River sampling sites. 100 (dp) af a . . . a 80 Bolivina striatula > Qa = 60 LL (eo) if 4 3) fe) = S) i fo) = 2 <q LJ = HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIMS BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Figure 5.—Mean densities of Boliwina striatula at Indian River sampling sites. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 00 807 Bulimine/la elegantissima fe) (eo) BSS (eo) 20 MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS O HAULGVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 6.—Mean densities of Buliminella elegantissima at Indian River sampling sites. i) [e) Cyclogyra planorbis ro) a MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS ao HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 7.—Mean densities of Cyclogyra planorbis at Indian River sampling sites. NUMBER 16 20 Elphidium excavatum MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 8.—Mean densities of Elphidium excavatum at Indian River sampling sites. Dy) {o) Elphidium gunteri a MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS on 3 HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 9.—Mean densities of Elphidium guntert at Indian River sampling sites. 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 10 (ep) Bi) = BD 81 Elphidium kugleri > Q a we (eo) jag LJ (aa) = = a a <q LJ = HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 10.—Mean densities of Elphidium kuglerx at Indian River sampling sites. 30 (dp) a S25 E/lphidium mexicanum (a) a (=) raw ve (o) wc 15 WwW @ = > 10 a a q 5 W = HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 11.—Mean densities of Elphidium mexicanum at Indian River sampling sites. NUMBER 16 | | 10 (dp) =I < . 2 8} Gaudryina exilis | > (an) Z=6 Le oO om va] faa} 4 = => z ; ze <6 Lu | = ) e HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Figure 12.—Mean densities of Gaudryina exilis at Indian River sampling sites. 20 (ap) z =) Nonionella auricula fa) 2 a z Le (oe) a LJ faa = = z z <8 uJ = HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 13.—Mean densities of Nonzonella auricula at Indian River sampling sites. 11 2 MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 100 Quinqueloculina impressa HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Figure 14.—Mean densities of Quinqueloculina umpressa at Indian River sampling sites. 00 804 Quinqueloculina seminul/a HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 15.—Mean densities of Quinqueloculina seminula at Indian River sampling sites. NUMBER 16 MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS 3 @ o BSS ine) Fosalina floridana HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 16.—Mean densities of Rosalina flordana at Indian River sampling sites. Frosalina globularis HAULOVER SEBASTIAN” VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 17.—Mean densities of Rosalina globularis at Indian River sampling sites. 13 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES 300 ie) a (eo) 200 150 100 MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS oi fo} Total living individuals per replicate (20m!) HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIMS BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 18.—Mean densities of total living population at Indian River sampling sites. analysis used a combination of some of the more abundant species, such as Bolwwina striatula and Buliminella elegantissima, as well as some of the less abundant ones, such as Gaudryina exilis and Elphi- dium guntert, for discriminating the various areas. The most abundant species, Ammonia beccari, is of little importance in the analysis as it occurs abun- dantly everywhere (Figure 4). The third, fourth, fifth and sixth canonical variates are statistically significant (Table 3) and together account for about 36% of the total vari- ance. They do not, however, provide any partic- ularly interpretable contrasts. Perhaps the only information that can be gleaned from them is that the Indian River is extremely variable, a fact confirmed by the canonical analysis attempted on the individual stations. We will briefly review where each species has its maximum or peak density relative to other areas. For standardization, we define a peak den- sity as one exceeding twice the average density of the species over the entire area. At the Haulover station, Cyclogyra planorbis and Quinqueloculina seminula (Figure 15) exhibit peak densities. The Banana station has a maximum density achieved by Q. impressa, five times its average density. At Sebastian Inlet, Elphidium mexicanum attains its maximum density, four times greater than average. The John’s Island transect has peak densities for E. excavatum (Figure 8) and E. gunterr. At the Vero Beach transect, E. gunteri and Rosalina floridana reach their maximum den- sities of four to five times their average densities. The Link Port transect also has a peak density for R. floridana. Jim’s Flat has maximum densities for Ammobaculites exilis (Figure 3), C. planorbis, and E. kuglerr (Figure 10). Quinqueloculina seminula is also abundant at Jim’s Flat. The Buoy 195 tran- sect has a maximum density for Ammonia beccariu (Figure 4), by far the most abundant species in the Indian River (Table 5). Ammobaculites exilts, Bolwina striatula, Buliminella elegantissima, E. kuglera, and G. exzlis also have high densities at the Buoy 195 transect. The Herman’s Bay transect has maximum densities for Boliwina striatula, the sec- ond most abundant species in the Indian River, and Nonvonella auricula. At Jensen Beach all species have densities below their average, except for G. exilis, which maintains its average density. The St. Lucie transect has maximum densities for G. exilis and R. globulans (Figure 17). Nonionella auri- cula and Q. seminula are also abundant. The St. Lucie Inlet has maximum densities for Buliminella elegantissima and E. excavatum. The species C. plan- NUMBER 16 orbis, E. kuglerr, and R. globularis also have high densities at the St. Lucie Inlet. This brief review indicates that various areas in the Indian River are characterized or discrim- inated by different abundances of the 15 most common species. The trend of increasing density southward is shown clearly in Figure 18, which plots the mean number of total living individuals per 20-ml replicate. With the exception of the Jensen Beach transect, the density of foraminifera clearly increases in a southerly direction. Species Diversity The number of species found at the 12 areas is plotted on Figure 19 and listed in Table 5. In general there is an increase in the number of species encountered to the south. The greatest number of species was found at Buoy 195, Her- man’s Bay, Jensen Beach, and St. Lucie transect. In the northern half of the Indian River, Vero Beach had the greatest number of species encoun- tered. Table 5 lists the values for the information function H/ at the 12 areas, and Figure 20 is a plot of them. The same trend of increasing species diversity to the south is evident. Because the information function gives less weight to rare species, the amplitude of the curve is diminished. Some other differences are also notable. Maxima for the information function occur at Jim’s Flat and Jensen Beach, and an increase rather than a decrease occurs from St. Lucie transect to St. Lucie Inlet. This happens because the value of information function depends not only on the number of species but also upon their equitability (Gibson and Buzas, 1973). A measure of species equitability, F (Buzas and Gibson, 1969), is listed in Table 5 and plotted on Figure 21. At Haulover, Banana, and Sebastian, equitability is nearly constant, and the informa- tion function’s curve closely resembles the species number plot. At John’s Island, Vero Beach, and Link Port, the equitability values are again con- stant but at a lower level, and the plot of the information function still resembles the species number plot. The Jim’s Flat station has a rise in NS) species equitability, whereas Buoy 195 has a de- crease. The information function mimics this pat- tern and shows a higher value at Jim’s Flat than at Buoy 195, the opposite of the species number plot. The same situation occurs at the remaining southern stations so that the information function plot closely resembles that of species equitability. If the criterion for “species diversity” is the infor- mation function, then maxima occur at Jim’s Flat and Jensen Beach, areas with high equitabilities and number of species. If the criterion for ‘‘species diversity” is the number of species, then Buoy 195, Herman’s Bay, Jensen Beach, and St. Lucie transect would be chosen. In any case, a trend of increasing species diversity toward the south is observed. Because the number of species is correlated with the number of individuals (Buzas et al., 1977), it is no surprise that the southern area has a higher number of species than the northern area. Figure 22 is a semilog plot of the number of individuals found in each area against the num- ber of species. The areas with the greatest number of species, Herman’s Bay, St. Lucie transect, and Buoy 195, are also the areas with the greatest numbers of individuals. The Jensen Beach tran- sect appears as an outlier in Figure 22. Although 10 replicates were collected in this transect, only 939 individuals were found, making Jensen Beach the area with the lowest mean density in the entire Indian River (Table 5). Nevertheless, 49 species were identified at Jensen Beach, and be- cause the more abundant species occur there with low densities (Table 5), the equitability is higher than at adjacent stations. Consequently the infor- mation function reaches its maximum value at this transect. We have not had an opportunity to investigate whether or not this anomalous pattern of low number of individuals and high number of species at Jensen Beach is due to some unique spatial pattern found only at that locality. Distribution of Rare Species The 15 most abundant species comprise 95% of the total living population for all areas except 16 NUMBER OF SPECIES INFORMATION FUNCTION 60 50 40 30 20 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Figure 19.—Number of species recorded at Indian River sampling sites. HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Ficure 20.—Values of information function at Indian River sampling sites. NUMBER 16 1.0 z o bE 08 O za =) Le 0.6 > Ee —I 0-4 <x aaa = Go 02 Li O HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE BEACH INLET Figure 21.—Values of equitability function at Indian River sampling sites. 60 HERMAN'S BAY, 9/BUOY 195 50 ST. LUCIE TRANSECT JENSEN BEACH © i¢p) uJ rn qa. 40 2) ST. LUCIE INLETO Le (eo) © VERO BEACH er 30 JIM'S FLAT © fo) ' © JOHN'S ISLAND = LINK PORT HAULOVER = 20 © SEBASTIAN INLET 10 rag S = -93.02 + 17.97 InN 200 1000 NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS Ficure 22.—Semilog plot of individuals vs. species in the Indian River. 17 18 } SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Jim’s Flat, Herman’s Bay, and Jensen Beach (Table 5). At Jim’s Flat the addition of 78 Isha- mella apertura specimens brings the percentage from 88 to 96. Ishamella apertura could have been included with the most abundant species, as its grand total (79) is comparable to that of Ammo- baculites exilis (83). Because this species is a very unusual foraminifer (see “Systematic Catalog’’), and all specimens except one occur at Jim’s Flat, we decided to exclude it from the analysis of the abundant species. At Herman’s Bay four rare species must be included to attain 95% of the total living popu- lation. These are Ammobacultites cf. exilis (53), Hop- Kinsina pacifica (22), Quinqueloculina poeyana (16), and Bolwwina sp. B (13). The addition of A. cf. exzles alone brings the total to 95%, and it is possible that this species is merely a large grained form of A. exilis sensu stricto, which was included among the 15 most abundant species. As pointed out earlier, Jensen Beach is very unusual because the total living population is low, and yet a large number of species was re- corded there. At Jensen Beach eight species must be added to bring the total to 95%. These are: Hopkinsina pacifica (40), Quinqueloculina poeyana (9), Elphidium advenum (8), Rosalina concinna (8), Fursen- koina fusiformis (6), Bolwina sp. B (5), Nonionella opima (5), and Quinqueloculina cf. akneriana (5). This is the only area where more than 20 species are required to obtain 95% of the total living popu- lation. The great disparity in densities among areas, the positive correlation between numbers of spe- cies and numbers of individuals, and the fact that 15 species almost always make up 95% of the total living population suggest that the use of rare species to discern meaningful spatial patterns is extremely hazardous. Because the probability of encountering a rare species is low, it is difficult to tell whether a species was not found because of chance or because it really wasn’t there. On the other hand, the relatively large number (78) of Ishamella apertura found at Jim’s Flat while only one specimen was found elsewhere does suggest that this species may have a very restricted dis- tribution. A similar, but more tenuous, pattern may exist for Hopkinsina pacifica, Quinqueloculina poeyana, and Bolwina sp. B. These species were found at the adjacent Herman’s Bay and Jensen Beach stations and were members of those species that make up 95% of the total living population. Finally, two species occur at St. Lucie Inlet and St. Lucie transect and nowhere else in the Indian River. Peneroplis pertusus and Sorites marginalis are well-known tropical species. They occur abun- dantly in Florida Bay (Bock, 1971) and are prob- ably at the northernmost limits of their ranges. Discussion Ideally, studies concerned with the distribution of organisms would sample all areas simultane- ously over a long period to average out seasonal fluctuations in density. Unfortunately, this is rarely feasible due to economic and time con- straints. In the present study, samples were taken in February, March, April, June, September, and December (Table 2). Data from Link Port taken over a four-year period (Buzas, 1978; 1982; un- published) indicate a substantial variation in den- sity from month to month. In general the winter months (December, February, and March) have low densities, June a moderate density, and April a high density. If seasonality, or time, rather than location were responsible for the density pattern observed, we would expect moderate densities at Haulover, Banana, Sebastian, Jim’s Flat, and St. Lucie Inlet (all sampled in June). We would expect low densities at John’s Island, Link Port, Buoy 195, Herman’s Bay, and St. Lucie transect (all sampled in winter). Finally, we would expect a high density at Jensen Beach (sampled in April). Figure 18 clearly shows this is not the case. In- stead, there is an overall increase in density south- ward, with the exception of Jensen Beach, which has the lowest density of anywhere! Therefore, we believe that the observed density pattern is a consequence of the area sampled rather than time of sampling. When studying the distribution of foramini- fera, researchers usually divide the study area into faunal zones or biofacies (Boltovskoy and Wright, 1976). The biofacies are defined either on the \ | | } | NUMBER 16 basis of examination of the data or by the use of some numerical or statistical technique (Buzas, 1979). Examination of data usually shows that boundaries between biofacies are rarely discrete. However, the use of some numerical techniques, such as cluster analysis, forces samples into one group or another, and the amount of overlap may not be apparent. The results of the canonical variate analysis performed on the 15 most abun- dant species in the Indian River (Figure 2) shows that the inlets and Haulover are distinct from other areas. They do not, however, form a ho- mogeneous group themselves. Each is distinct and would have to be assigned its own biofacies. ‘The second canonical axis shows a north-south trend or arrangement of areas. St. Lucie transect 1s clearly different from Banana or John’s Island, but the confidence circles from area to area over- lap. At no point is there an indication of a simple break dividing, for example, the area into north and south biofacies. Consequently, we have de- cided not to designate any biofacies but to allow Figure 2 to stand as a representation of the fora- miniferal distribution in the Indian River. Young et al. (1976) reported an increase in density of decapods southward in the Indian River. In the adjacent ocean, Gore et al. (1978) found the same trend for the decapods inhabiting the sabellariid worm reefs that parallel the barrier island. On the other hand the macrobenthos, mostly polychaetes, exhibit a trend of decreasing density southward (Young et al., 1976; Young and Young, 1977). Amphipods inhabiting sea- grass also have lower densities in southern areas as well as near inlets (Nelson et al., 1982). The decrease in density of macrobenthos and amphi- pods was attributed to predation by decapods on the former (Young et al., 1976; Young and Young, 1977) and by decapods and fish on the latter (Nelson et al., 1982). Predation of foraminifera is common (Lipps and Valentine, 1970), and experiments indicate that foraminiferal densities in the Indian River are regulated by predation (Buzas, 1978; 1982). Buzas and Carle (1979) found foraminifera in the guts of deposit feeders, among them polychaetes and decapods. Unfortunately we do not know 19 whether one group is more important in regulat- ing foraminiferal density than the other. Conse- quently we cannot speculate with confidence as to whether or not the increase in foraminiferal densities southward is due to a change in preda- tion pressure. The increase in density does corre- late positively with increasing density of decapods and negatively with the densities of polychaetes and amphipods. Young et al. (1976), Young and Young (1977), and Nelson et al. (1982) have pointed out a gradient of decreasing environmental variability toward the southern end of the Indian River. This decreasing gradient is positively correlated with the increase in foraminiferal density to the south. A similar pattern of higher foraminiferal density in an area of less environmental variabil- ity was reported by Buzas et al. (1977) in Jamaica, West Indies. Hydrographically, the inlets and Haulover dif- fer from other areas because they represent ex- tremes of tidal influence. The inlets experience strong, diurnal tidal changes, whereas Haulover, in the “blind” end of the River, experiences al- most no tidal influence at all. Each of these areas is discriminated by changes in the densities of the most abundant foraminiferal species in the Indian River. While species diversity generally increases southward, we observed no increase in species diversity at the three inlets. This contrasts mark- edly with Gilmore (1977), who found the highest number of fish species at inlets, and Mook (1980), who found an increased diversity of fouling or- ganisms at Fort Pierce Inlet as compared to Vero Beach. No studies of foraminifera have been made in estuaries near the Indian River. To the north in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, Grossman (1967) defined several biofacies. Some biofacies are characterized by species such as Elphidium excavatum and E. guntert, which also occur in the Indian River. In general, however, the Pamlico Sound fauna is very different from the Indian River fauna. Farther south, foraminifera have been studied in Florida Bay and adjacent waters by Stubbs (1940), Bock et al. (1971), and Rose and Lidz 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES (1977). Bock (1971) and Rose and Lidz (1977) have defined biofacies containing abundant Am- monia beccarit, the dominant species in the Indian River. The foraminiferal fauna of these southern waters, however, does not closely resemble the fauna from the Indian River. The sediments to the south are mainly carbonates (Milliman et al., 1972), unlike the quartz sands of the Indian River. This carbonate sedimentary regime marks the northernmost extension of the Bahamian or Caribbean faunal province (Buzas and Culver, 1980), thus expiaining why the foraminiferal spe- cies are so different between central and southern Florida. Systematic Catalog The following catalog uses the general sys- tematic structure of the Tyeatise of Paleontology (Loeblich and Tappan, 1964), even though we believe the overall taxonomic philosophy of the Treatise is too rigid. For example, we have assigned species with both optically radial and granular walls to the genus Elphidiwm, although strict ad- herence to the Treatise would have placed them in different superfamilies. We believe, however, the systematic arrangement used here is more useful than an alphabetical scheme. Where possible, our synonymies are based on direct inspection of the types cited. In a few cases the only specimens accessible were from Pacific collections or were topotypes. Illustration of foraminifera is a continuing source of difficulty for researchers. Although it has become fairly easy to take high quality scan- ning electron micrographs, they do not convey the transparent qualities of foraminiferal tests, a severe drawback, as most work is done with op- tical microscopes. Furthermore, the gold coating necessary for scanning electron microscopy makes the specimen opaque and very difficult to use, subsequently, under a binocular microscope. The alternative, a good drawing by a scientific illus- trator, does not harm the specimen and produces a view of the specimen as it appears under an optical microscope. For anything more than a small number of views, however, the time and expense are rarely justified. In this study we have attempted to use scan- ning electron micrographs of very thinly coated specimens. The gold coating was 50 angstroms, about one-quarter of the thickness normally used. This coating is virtually transparent, and the specimens are still quite useful for optical work. The electron micrographs, however, tend to have charged areas and strange scan lines due to the inadequate conductivity of the thin coating. By using very low accelerating voltages (less than 5 KV), we were able to hold these bad effects to a minimum. In spite of this, a few of the figures have some visibly charged areas. We feel, how- ever, that the preservation of the optical charac- ters of the specimens warrants the defects in the figures. Specimens deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, are listed under the abbreviation “USNM” (for the collection numbers of the former United States National Museum). Representatives of most spe- cies are deposited in the Indian River Coastal Zone Museum, Fort Pierce, Florida. HierarcHy.—From order through genus: Order FoRAMINIFERIDA Eichwald, 1830 Suborder ALLOGROMIUNA Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Superfamily Lacynacea Schultze, 1854 Family ALLOGRomMIIDAE Rhumbler, 1904 Genus Allogromia Rhumbler, 1904 Suborder TextuLaruNna Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily Liruotacea de Blainville, 1825 Family HormosinipaE Haeckel, 1894 Subfamily HormosininaE Haeckel, 1894 Genus Reophax Montfort, 1808 Family Liruo.ipae de Blainville, 1825 Subfamily Liruouinae de Blainville, 1825 Genus Ammobaculites Cushman, 1910 Family TROCHAMMINIDAE Schwager, 1877 Subfamily TROCHAMMININAE Schwager, 1877 Genus Trochamina Parker and Jones, 1859 Family ATOXOPHRAGMIIDAE Schwager, 1877 Subfamily VERNEUILININAE Cushman, 1911 Genus Gaudryina d’Orbigny, 1839 Suborder Miriotina Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily Mitiotacea Ehrenberg, 1839 Family FiscHERINIDAE Millet, 1898 Subfamily CycLocyrinaE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 ; NUMBER 16 Genus Cyclogyra Wood, 1842 Family NuBECULARIDAE Jones, 1875 Subfamily OPpHTHALMIDINAE Weisner, 1920 Genus Edentostomina Collins, 1958 Genus Weisnerella Cushman, 1933 Subfamily SprroLocuLininaE Weisner, 1920 Genus Spiroloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Family Miriouipae Ehrenberg, 1839 Subfamily QuinQUELOCULININAE Cushman, 1917 Genus Quinqueloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Genus Massilina Schlumberger, 1893 Genus Pateorrs Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 Genus T7iloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Subfamily MILioLinecLinae Vella, 1957 Genus Miliolinella Weisner, 1931 Genus Biloculinella Weisner, 1931 Genus Scutuloris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 Subfamily TuBinectina—E Rhumbler, 1906 Genus Tubinella Rhumbler, 1906 Genus Articulina d’Orbigny, 1826 Ishamella, new genus Family Soritipar Ehrenberg, 1839 Subfamily PENEROPLINAE Schultze, 1854 Genus Peneroplis Montfort, 1808 Subfamily SoritinaE Ehrenberg, 1839 Genus Sorites Ehrenberg, 1839 Suborder Roratuna Delage and Herouard, 1896 Superfamily Noposariacea Ehrenberg, 1838 Family Noposarupae Ehrenberg, 1838 Subfamily NoposarunaE Ehrenberg, 1838 Genus Lagena Walker and Jacob Family GLANDULINIDAE Reuss, 1860 Subfamily OouininaeE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Genus Fissurina Reuss, 1850 Superfamily Butminacea Jones, 1875 Family TurriLinipAE Cushman, 1927 Subfamily TurriLininAE Cushman, 1927 Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911 Family Bo.iviniripAE Cushman, 1927 Genus Boliwina d’Orbigny, 1839 Family BuLimINipAE Jones, 1875 Subfamily ButimininaE Jones, 1875 Genus Bulimina d’Orbigny, 1826 Subfamily PavonininaE Eimer and Fickert, 1899 Genus Pavonina d’Orbigny, 1826 Family Uviceriniwae Haeckel, 1894 Genus Hopkinsina Howe and Wallace, 1932 Genus T7farina Cushman, 1923 Superfamily Discorsacea Ehrenberg, 1838 Family DiscorsiparE Ehrenberg, 1838 Subfamily DiscorsinaE Ehrenberg, 1838 Genus Rosalina d’Orbigny, 1826 Genus Stelsonia Parker, 1954 Family GLaBRATELLIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964 Genus Glabratella Dorreen, 1948 Genus Glabratellina Seiglie and Bermudez, 1965 Superfamily SpiriLLinAceA Reuss, 1862 Family SpirILLiNIDAE Reuss, 1862 Subfamily SpiriLLininAE Reuss, 1862 Genus Mychostomina Berthelin, 1881 Superfamily Rorauiacea Ehrenberg, 1839 Family Roratupae Ehrenberg, 1839 Subfamily Roratunae Ehrenberg, 1839 Genus Ammonia Brunnich, 1772 Family ELpHipupaAe Galloway, 1933 Subfamily ELpHiDUNAE Galloway, 1933 Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808 Genus Haynesina Banner and Culver, 1978 Superfamily Orpirorpacea Schwager, 1876 Family Eponipipar Hofker, 1951 Genus Eponides de Montfort, 1808 Family Cisicipipaz Cushman, 1927 Subfamily CrsicipinaeE Cushman, 1927 Genus Crbicides de Montfort, 1808 Family PLANORBULINIDAE Schwager, 1877 Genus Planorbulina d’Orbigny, 1826 Family CymBaLoporipae Cushman, 1928 Genus Cymbaloporetta Cushman, 1928 Superfamily CassipuLINACEA d’Orbigny, 1839 Family CaucasinipaE Bykova, 1959 Subfamily FuRSENKOININAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Genus Fursenkoina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Genus Szgmavirgulina Loeblich and Tappan, 1957 Family CassipuLINIDAE d’Orbigny, 1839 Genus Cassidulina d’Orbigny, 1826 Family Nonionipaek Schultze, 1854 Subfamily Nonioninae Schultze, 1854 Genus Nonion de Montfort, 1808 Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926 Family ANOMALINIDAE Cushman, 1927 Genus Hanzawaia Asano, 1944 Genus Allogromia Rhumbler, 1904 ?Allogromia species Since the technique used in preparing the sam- ples included several acetone rinses and drying under heat lamps, there is a good possibility that most of the allogromids present were destroyed. Perhaps these specimens are not Allogromaa at all and may merely be pieces of debris that were stained by the rose bengal. Specimens scattered throughout the Indian River are thus referred. (Total: 12; range: 0-3.) N ihe) Genus Reophax Montfort, 1808 Reophax nana Rhumbler PLATE 1: FIGURE 1 Reophax nana Rhumbler, 1913:471, 472, pl. 8: figs. 6—-12.— Parker, 1952b:457, pl. 1: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:13, pl. 1: fig. 11.—Todd and Bronni- man, 1957:22, pl. 1: fig. 17.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 1: fig. 2.—Buzas, 1965b:55, pl. 1: fig. 2. A few specimens, mostly from the Fort Pierce and St. Lucie inlets, were referred to this category. Figured hypotype: USNM 310285. (Total: 18; range: 0-7.) Genus Ammobaculites Cushman, 1910 Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and Bronniman PLATE 1: FIGURES 2, 3 Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and Bronniman, 1948b:38, 39, pl. 7: figs. 7, 8.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:5, pl. 1: fig. 16.—Bandy, 1956:192, pl. 30: fig. 2.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:23, pl. 2: fig. 7.—Lankford, 1959:2097, pl. 1: fig. 9. The specimens referred to this category are generally more slender than those referred to Ammobaculities exilis and have a much rounder cross section in the uniserial portion. For a further discussion see A. exzilvs. All but one of the specimens are from the Buoy 195 transect. Figured hypotype: USNM 310280. (Total: 6; range: 0-4.) Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and Bronniman PLaTeE 1: FIGURES 4, 5 Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and Bronniman, 1948b:39, pl. 7: fig. 9.—Bandy, 1956:192, pl. 30: fig. 3.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:64, pl. 1: figs. 5, 6. All specimens referred to this category are fine grained and match the holotype and paratypes well. The neck is generally compressed. Only a few of the specimens are uncoiling, and only a few have distinct sutures. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Although some authors have chosen to synon- omize Ammobaculites exilis with A. exiguus, we feel that in the Indian River there are two distinct populations: one, A. exzlis, is compressed and only slowly uncoiling into a uniserial section; the other, A. exiguus, 1s rather inflated and has a distinct break between the coiled early section of the test and the cylindrical uniserial later portion. This species occurs throughout the Indian River and is most abundant near Fort Pierce Inlet (Jim’s Flat of this study). Figured hypotype: USNM 310281. (Total: 83; range: 0-23.) Ammobaculites cf. exilis Cushman and Bronniman PLATE 1: FIGURES 6, 7 Specimens thus referred are similar in shape to Ammobaculites exilis sensu stricto but have tests composed of much coarser grains. As we do not see a gradational series between the coarse- and fine-grained forms and do find both forms in the same replicate, we do not feel that the forms are conspecific. Unfortunately there are never more than three of each form in a replicate, and so it is possible that we never see a large enough sample to get a complete view of the population. Ammobaculites cf. exilis is the only form of Am- mobaculites found at Herman’s Bay. Perhaps fur- ther investigation would reveal the sediment there to be composed of coarser-than-average grains. Figured specimen: USNM 310282. (Total: 69; range: 0-20.) Genus Trochamina Parker and Jones, 1859 Trochamina cf. advena Cushman PLATE 1: FIGURES 8, 9 The specimens referred to this category have deeper sutures than do the types from the Dry Tortugas, designated by Cushman in 1922. They resemble Trochamina cf. advena of Phleger, Parker, and Peirson (1953). They also resemble the spec- © imens designated 7° advena by Phleger and Parker (1951) and Parker (1952a, 1954). They differ NUMBER 16 enough from the primary types, and so we feel that synonymization cannot be made. Most of the specimens were collected at Buoy NGS) Figured specimen: USNM 310286. (Total: 11; range: 0-4.) Trochamina ochracea (Williamson) PLATE 1: FIGURES 10, 11 Rotalina ochracea Williamson, 1858:55, pl. 4: fig. 112; pl. 5: fig. 113. Trochamina ochracea (Williamson).—Cushman 1944:19, pl. 2: figs. 12, 13.—Parker, 1952a:408, 409, pl. 4: figs. 13, 14; 1952b:460, pl. 3: fig. 5.—Todd and Low, 1961:16, pl. 1: fig. 18. Our specimens have the compressed concave- convex test and umbilical flaps characteristic of this normally deep-water species. Most were found in the southern part of the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310287. (Total: 25; range: 0-8.) Trochamina species Three small specimens are thus referred. Un- fortunately, the single unbroken specimen was lost. This specimen had a high spire and clearly showed three chambers in the final whorl. All specimens were collected at Buoy 195. (To- tal: 3; range: 0-3.) Genus Gaudryina d’Orbigny, 1839 Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman Pirate 1: Ficures 12, 13 Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman, 1948a:40, pl. 7: figs. 15, 16.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:9, pl. 1: figs. 37, 38.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:26, pl. 2: figs. 24, 25.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 1: fig. 13.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:66, pl. 1: figs. 7, 8. The specimens compare well with the holotype and paratypes, ranging from long and slender to short and squat. Some of the longer individuals tend toward being triserial, but all fit within the 28 range of the numerous paratypes designated by Cushman. This species is found only south of Sebastian Inlet and is most abundant south of Fort Pierce Inlet. Figured hypotypes: USNM 310283, 310284. (Total: 158; range: 0-26.) Genus Cyclogyra Wood, 1842 Cyclogyra planorbis (Schultze) PLaTe 1: FIGURE 14 Cornuspira planorbis Schultze, 1854:40, pl. 2: fig. 21.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:8, pl. 4: figs. 8, 9.—Todd and Bronni- man, 1957:30, pl. 4: fig. 8. ?Cornuspira involvens (Reuss).—Cushman, 1921:62; 1922a:58; 1941:7.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:5, pl. 2: fig. 1. Our specimens show very little variation, all having three whorls. The small prolocular cham- ber matches well that of Buzas et al. (1977, unfigured) and Haake (1975, unfigured). Cyclogyra planorbis is one of the species charac- teristically occurring at Haulover and the inlets. Figured hypotype: USNM 310247. (Total: 162; range: 0-67.) Genus Edentostomina Collins, 1958 Edentostomina cultrata (Brady) Puate |: FiGuRES 15, 16 Miliolina cultrata Brady, 1884:161, pl. 5: figs. 1, 2. Quinqueloculina cultrata (Brady).—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 14.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 7, 8.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 1: fig. 15). Edentosomina cultrata (Brady).—Haake, 1975:19, pl. 1: figs. 3, 6. The specimens deposited in the Cushman col- lection by Haake are not those illustrated by him but are from the same material. Our five specimens range from the well- rounded form with no neck (Lankford, 1959) to the keeled form with a long neck (Haake, 1975). They occur mainly in the southern part of the Indian River. D4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Figured hypotype: USNM 310248. Hypotypes: USNM 310254, 310255. (Total: 5; range: 0-1.) Edentostomina cf. cultrata (Brady) The single specimen thus assigned differs from Edentostomina cultrata sensu stricto in having lon- gitudinal striations. Unfortunately the specimen was lost during mounting for SEM. The specimen was found at Buoy 195. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Genus Weisnerella Cushman, 1933 Weisnerella auriculata (Egger) Pate 1: FIGURE 17 Planispirina auriculata’ Egger, 1893:245, 246, pl. 3: figs. 13-15.—Cushman, 1922a:62, pl. 10: fig. 8; 1929a:93, 94, pl. 22: fig. 3. Weisnerella auriculata (Egger).—Cushman 1933a:33, pl. 3: figs. 7-9.— Parker, 1954:501, 502, pl. 5: fig. 13. Our specimens match well the specimens in the Cushman collection. This widely distributed spe- cies is remarkable in its invariant appearance. This species was found only at the St. Lucie transect. Figured hypotype: USNM 310279. (Total: 17; range: 0-5.) Genus Spiroloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Spiroloculina depressa d’Orbigny PLATE 2: FIGURES 1, 2 Spiroloculina depressa A’Orbigny, 1826:298; “Modele” no. 92.—Bandy, 1956:197, pl. 29: fig. 2. Our single specimen has a bifid tooth and a small opposing simple tooth, just as many of the examined topotypes. Although Bandy’s figured specimen does not have the opposing tooth, many specimens from the same study do. The specimen was found at Jensen Beach. Figured hypotype: USNM 310276. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Genus Quinqueloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny PLATE 2: FIGURES 3-6 Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny, 1839a:195, pl. 12: figs. 11-13.—Cushman, 1929a:22, pl. 1: fig. 1.—Bandy, 1956:196.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 4.— Bock, 1971:16, pl. 4: figs. 3-5. Our specimens are smaller than most of the specimens in the Cushman collection and have tests composed of better-sorted sand grains. Only a few of the specimens have the bifid tooth com- mon to the larger specimens deposited in the Cushman collection. A few scattered specimens were found through- out the Indian River. Figured hypotypes: USNM 310260, 310261. (Total: 14; range: 0-3.) Quinqueloculina cf. akneriana d’Orbigny PLATE 2: FIGURES 7, 8 The specimens referred to this category are smaller than the topotypes in the Cushman col- lection and generally have sharper peripheries. Some approach the almost stellate appearance of Quinqueloculina lamarkiana but as a group are closer to Q. akneriana. Although there is one small topo- type in the Cushman collection that seems to be conspecific with our specimens, the general ranges of the two groups do not overlap. This species was found only south of Fort Pierce Inlet. Figured specimen: USNM 310262. (Total: 19; range: 0-4.) Quinqueloculina cf. bidentata d’Orbigny PLATE 2: FIGURES 9, 10 Our specimens are finer grained than most of those in the Cushman collection. The surface has © some attached grains and the small bifid tooth shown in d’Orbigny’s drawings and in the micro- graphs of Le Calvez’s topotypes (1977). | } NUMBER 16 This species was found in three replicates, two from Herman’s Bay and one from Jensen Beach. Figured specimen: USNM 310263. (Total: 9; range: 0-5.) Quinqueloculina carinata-striata (Weisner) PraTeE 2: FicuRES 11-13 Adelosina milletti Weisner var. carcinata-striata Weisner, 1923:76, 77, pl. 44: figs. 190, 191. Although we have not examined any specimens of this species, Weisner’s drawing is very good and leaves little doubt as to the conspecificity of our specimens. The specimens are heavily costate with an angled periphery. The costae are not parallel to the periphery but meet at it to form a small keel. The aperture is round with a small simple tooth. Five individuals were found throughout the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310264. Hypotypes: USNM 310308, 310309. (Total: 5; range: 0-2.) Quinqueloculina goesi (Weisner) PLATE 2: FIGURES 14-17 Miltolina goesi Weisner, 1923:52, 53, pl. 7: fig. 79. Quinqueloculina goes: (Weisner).—Haake, 1975:33, 34, pl. 3: figs. 58, 59, pl. 4: figs. 60-66. The type figure of this species shows a specimen with chambers that have a rectangular cross sec- tion. Although some of the specimens illustrated by Haake have a similar rectangular cross section, others are more rounded. The specimens depos- ited in the Cushman collection by Haake range in form from rounded to sub-rounded. Only a few of our specimens displayed the rounded cross section; most have the rectangular cross section that is more typical of the species. Most of the specimens were found at Herman’s Bay; a few were found in the northern portion of the Indian River. Figured hypotypes: USNM 310265, 310266. (Total: 20; range: 0-5.) Quinqueloculina gualtieriana d’Orbigny PLATE 3: FIGURES 1, 2 Quinqueloculina gualtierrana d’Orbigny, 1839a:186, pl. 11: figs. 1-3. There are no figured specimens of this species from the Atlantic in the Cushman collection. Our specimens, however, match the SEM of Le Calvez (1977) and d’Orbigny’s figures, their long, thin simple tooth being characteristic. Two representatives of this species were found in one replicate from St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310267. (Total: 2; range: 0-2.) Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss Ficure 23; PLATE 3: FIGURES 3, 4 Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, 1851:87, pl. 7: fig. 59.—Haake, 1975:24, pl. 1: figs. 24, 25. Our specimens have a well-rounded outline, both in side view and in apertural view. Some authors have listed similar forms as Quinqueloculina akneriana or Q. lamarkiana, but examination of USNM Ficure 23.—Quinqueloculina impressa, front view, 310299, hypotype, X 240. 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES topotypes shows Q. impressa to be much more rounded than either. Surprisingly, this common Indian River mil- iolid has not been described from elsewhere in Florida or even from the east coast of North America (Culver and Buzas, 1980). Figured hypotypes: USNM 310268, 310299. Hypotypes: USNM 310298, 310300, 310301, 310302, 310303, 310304, 310305, 310306, 310307. (Total: 961; range: 0-92.) Quinqueloculina poeyana d’Orbigny PLATE 3: FIGURES 5, 6 Quinqueloculina poeyana WOrbigny, 1839a:191, pl. 11: figs. 25-27.—Cushman, 1921:67, fig. 9, pl. 16: figs. 7, 8; 1929a:31, pl. 5: fig. 2.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 13, 14.—Bandy, 1956:196, pl. 29: fig. 6.—Todd and Bronniman 1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 6.—Todd and Low, 1971:c-8, pl. 2: fig. 4. This widely distributed species tends to be rather small in most of our samples. Most of our specimens have a long simple tooth with a bifid tip like the neotype designated by Le Calvez (1977). D’Orbigny described the species as having a simple tooth. The specimens in the Cushman collection have teeth that range from bifid to almost no tooth at all. Most of the specimens were found in the south- ern half of the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310269. (Total: 46; range: 0-11.) Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne) PLATE 3: FIGURES 7, 8 Serpula seminula Linné, 1758:786. Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné).—Cushman 1917:44, 45, fig. 29, pl. 11: fig. 2; 1929a:24, 25, pl. 2: fig. 2; 1929b:59, 60, pl. 9: fig. 18; 1944:13, pl. 2: fig. 14.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 18, 19.—Parker, 1952a:406, pl. 3: fig. 21, pl. 4: fig. 1; 1952b:456, pl. 2: fig. 7.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:27, pl. 3: figs. 9, 10.—Todd and Low, 1961:15, pl. 1: fig. 14.—Buzas, 1965a:56, pl. 1: fig. 6. Most of the specimens of this species are rather small, with many of them having transluscent rather than porcelanous walls. Some of them approach the form Haake (1975) called Quinquel- oculina pygmaea. However, having examined a large number of specimens over a wide size range, there can be little doubt that the abundant and widely distributed Q. seminula appears in large numbers throughout the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310270. (Total: 1297; range: 0-192.) Quinqueloculina cf. striata d’Orbigny PLATE 3: FIGURES 9, 10 Two specimens with very fine striations were referred to this category. They are less elongate than Quinqueloculina striata sensu stricto. One specimen is from Buoy 195; the other is from Jensen Beach. Figured specimen: USNM 310271. (Total: 2; range: 0-1.) Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker PLATE 3: FIGURES 11, 12 Quinqueloculina costata dOrbigny, 1826:301.—Cushman, 1922a:66, 67, pl. 11: fig. 5; 1929a:31, pl. 3: fig. 7. Quinqueloculina rhodiensis Parker in Parker, Phleger, and Peir- son, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 15-17. Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker, 1962:110. Eight specimens were referred to this category. They are all heavily costate; some have a short neck. The aperture is circular and contains a small short bifid tooth. This species is overall shorter and more rounded in outline than Quin- queloculina poeyana. Figured hypotype: USNM 310272. (Total: 8; range: 0-3.) Quinqueloculina species PLATE 3: FIGURES 13, 14 The aperture of this species is about one-fifth | of the way from the end of the elongate test and includes a very small bifid tooth. In apertural — view the test is slightly stellate. NUMBER 16 Both specimens thus referred are from Jensen Beach. Figured specimen: USNM 310273. (Total: 2; range: 0-2.) Genus Massilina Schlumberger, 1893 ?Massilina species PLATE 3: FIGURES 15, 16 The single specimen thus referred is not com- pressed as Loeblich and Tappan (1964) define the genus. It does, however, have a bifid tooth, early quinqueloculine chambers, and later cham- bers added in a single plane. The specimen was found at Jim’s Flat. Figured specimen: USNM 310249. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Genus Pateoris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 Pateoris dilitata (d’Orbigny) Pate 4: FiGuRES 1, 2 Quinqueloculina dilitata d’Orbigny, 1839a:192, pl. 11: figs. 28-30.—Cushman, 1921:67, figs. 7, 8, pl. 16: figs. 5, 6; 1922a:69, pl. 12: fig. 2; 1929a:26, pl. 2: fig. 5. Three battered representatives of this species were found at the St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310258. (Total: 3; range: 0-3.) Genus Triloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Triloculina cf. trigonula (Lamarck) PLATE 4: FIGURES 3, 4 The specimens referred to this category match very well those of Triloculina cf. trigonula collected by Cushman from Cape Canaveral and referred to by Todd (1979). They are much more rounded than 7. trgonula sensu stricto but have a similar aperture with a large bifid tooth. The nine specimens referred to this category were all collected south of Fort Pierce Inlet. Seven i) ~I of the specimens were found in a single replicate from Herman’s Bay. Figured specimen: USNM 310277. (Total: 9; range: 0-7.) Genus Miliolinella Weisner, 1931 Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu) PLATE 4: FIGURES 5, 6 Vermiculum subrotundum Montagu, 1803:521. Miholinella subrotunda (Montagu).—Loeblich and Tappan, 1964:c466, 467, pl. 355: fig. 1—Haake, 1975:39, 40, pl. 5: figs. 94-97. Miliolinella labiosa (d’Orbigny).—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:28, pl. 3: figs. 21, 22. Miliolinella subrotunda is a species that shows much variation. The tests are generally triloculine in structure, but in our specimens they seem to range in form to quinqueloculine. According to Loeblich and Tappan (1964), this would put those specimens into the genus Scutuloris. We see a smooth merge from one form to another in our specimens. Our specimens all have terminal apertures that contain a flap. Some have lips on the aperture. All are smoothly rounded, although some are fairly elongate. As mentioned above, some are trioculine, some are quinqueloculine, and others are in between. All but one of our specimens were found at the Haulover Canal station. Figured hypotype: USNM 310250. Hypotypes: USNM 310251, 310252, 310253. (Total: 7; range: 0-3.) Miliolinella cf. subrotunda (Montagu) PLaTE 4: FIGURES 7, 8 A single specimen was thus referred. It differs from Miliolinella subrotunda sensu stricto in that it possesses light longitudinal costae. It may indeed be M. subrotunda sensu stricto, but we see no gradation to this form. The specimen was found at Haulover Canal. Figured specimen: USNM 310256. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES ?Miliolinella species PLATE 4: FIGURES 9, 10 The overall outline of the single specimen thus referred is similar to that of Miliolinella fictellina, but the aperture is turned sideways, similar to that of Weisnerella. The aperture is nearly filled by a large bifid tooth. The margin is acute, and the surface is smooth. The specimen was found in the St. Lucie tran- sect. Figured specimen: USNM 310257. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Genus Biloculinella Weisner, 1931 Biloculinella globula (Bornemann) PiaTe 4: FiGuRES 11, 12 Biloculina globulus Bornemann, 1855:349, pl. 19: fig. 3. Biloculinella globula (Bornemann).—Todd, 1966:24, pl. 17: fig. 11.—Todd and Low, 1967:20, pl. 2: fig. 14. This bilocular miliolid has a large apertural flap instead of the bifid tooth of Pyrgo. A few specimens were found at Herman’s Bay and Jensen Beach. Figured hypotype: USNM 310246. (Total: 9; range: 0-4.) Genus Scutuloris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 Scutuloris species PLATE 4: FIGURES 13, 14 The specimens referred to this category are very similar to Quinqueloculina impressa but have a shtlike aperture instead of a bifid tooth. There is no well-developed flap in the aperture, but the specimens seem best referred to Scutulorts. As men- tioned under Miliolinella subrotunda, Loeblich and Tappan (1964) define Miliolinella and Scutuloris as differing only in that the former is triserial and the latter is quinqueloculine. Although we in- clude some quinqueloculine forms in Milzolinella, we do not see any triloculine forms, or even any forms tending toward trioculine, in the specimens we are referring to Scutuloris. Most of the specimens were found south of Fort Pierce Inlet. Figured specimen: USNM 310274. Mentioned specimen: USNM 310275. (Total: 11; range: 0-4.) Genus Tubinella Rhumbler, 1906 ?Tubinella species PLATE 4: FIGURE 15 The specimens thus referred are broken and do_ | not show the uniserial portion of the test at all | well; hence, the tentative assignment. | All four specimens were found at Jim’s Flat. Figured specimen: USNM 310278. (Total: 4; range: 0-3.) Genus Articulina d’Orbigny, 1826 | Articulina cf. pacifica Cushman PLATE 4: FIGURE 16 Our single specimen is only very slightly cos- tate, unlike Cushman’s types from Fyi, which have rather heavy costae. It does have the same | wide lip and overall shape as Cushman’s smaller, _ two-chambered paratype. In offshore samples we | have found specimens that are costate and are | Articulina pacifica sensu stricto, and perhaps our | specimen is merely a smooth form. The single specimen was found at Jensen | Beach. Figured specimen: USNM 310245. (Total: 1; | range: 0-1.) Ishamella, new genus Test free; chambers inflated, two in number, | closely appressed; septum vestigal; wall calcar- | eous, imperforate; aperture terminal. This simply constructed genus may be related | to Tubinella. Like Tubinella, the proloculus is large, | with the second chamber closely appressed, and it has a vestigal septum. Unlike 7ubznella, it lacks any final tubular chambers. The genus is named for Lawrence B. Isham, NUMBER 16 Ze Ficure 24.—Ishamella apertura, USNM 310310, holotype, X 240: a, front view; 6, back view; c, side view; d, apertural view; é, transverse section. 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES who, with his excellent drawings of foraminifera, has contributed more to foraminiferal taxonomy than words can say. Gender: feminine. Type-Species.—Ishamella apertura, new species. Ishamella apertura, new species Figure 24 Test small; chambers inflated, two in number consisting of proloculus and closely, appressed second chamber, proloculus about twice as large as second chamber, proloculus sometimes with slight folds; septum vestigal; wall calcareous, im- perforate, translucent milky color when dry, hya- line when wet; aperture terminal, large, ovate, with a slightly thickened lip. Figure 24a-d comprises drawings of the holo- type of Ishamella apertura. Figure 24e, a transverse section of J. apertura, shows the vestigal septum at the junction of the two chambers. The specific name is derived from the large and prominent aperture of the species. In all, 79 specimens of J. apertura were found in the Indian River. The total number of individuals of I. apertura is only slightly less than that of Ammobaculites exilis, the least abundant of the 15 most abundant species. Other species with similar densities occur at several areas within the Indian River. With the exception of a single individual found at St. Lucie Inlet, all individuals of J. apertura were found at Jim’s flat. Perhaps this is a newly arrived or newly evolved species. In any case, the extremely localized distribution of this species is unusual. The length, width, and thickness in millimeters of the holotype is .27, .19, and .18, respectively. The mean and standard deviation for 12 para- types are given below. Mean Standard deviation Length 24 03 Width slbiz/ .03 Thickness 15 04 Holotype: USNM 310310. Paratypes: USNM SLO3LIS, SLOSI257 310305; SOSA Ss Ghoraleaa/ 9: range: 0-67.) Genus Peneroplis Montfort, 1808 Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal) PLATE 5: FIGURE | Nautilus pertusus Forskal, 1775:125.—Brady, 1884:204, pl. 13: figs. 16, 17, 23. Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal).—Cushman, 1921:75, pl. 18: figs. 7, 8; 1930:35, pl. 12: figs. 3-6.—Bock, 1971:34, pl. 13: fig. 10. None of our specimens were uncoiling; how- ever, they match Cushman’s specimens well. All specimens of this species were found at St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310259. (Total: 7; range: 0-3.) Genus Sorites Ehrenberg, 1839 Sorites marginalis (Lamarck) Orbulites marginals Lamarck, 1816:196. Sorites marginalis (Lamarck).—Cushman, 1930:49, 50, pl. 18: figs. 1-4.—Bock, 1971:36, 37, pl. 14: figs. 5, 6. All representatives of this species were found at St. Lucie Inlet or St. Lucie transect, the southern- most areas in the river. This species is common near Miami (Bock, 1971); thus the Indian River may be near the northern range boundary of the species. (Total: 5; range: 0-3.) Genus Lagena Walker and Jacob Lagena cf. doveyensis Haynes PLATE 5: FIGURE 2 Our specimens are similar to those described by Haynes (1973:82, 83, pla i2itiessi75)3)= the f specimens have long slender tests that taper grad- | ually to a neck. The end of the neck may have a phialine lip; however, the neck on our specimens * is so delicate that the lip is frequently broken. | Our specimens differ from Haynes’ in that his” specimens are much larger and have about 20 © striations around the base of the test, whereas ours have only about 15, and in that our speci- © : NUMBER 16 mens have a flattened, not rounded, base on the test. All our specimens were found in the southern part of the Indian River. Figured specimen: USNM 310182. (Total: 10; range: 0-3.) Optically: radial. Genus Fissurina Reuss, 1850 Fissurina lucida (Williamson) PLATE 5: FIGURE 3 Entosolena marginata (Montagu) lucida Williamson, 1848:17, 18, pl. 2: fig. 17. Fissurina lucida (Williamson).—Loeblich and ‘Tappan, 1953:76, 77, pl. 14: fig. 4.-—Todd and Low, 1967:28, pl. 3: fig. 31. var. This small species has a very distinctive clear area in the center of the test, surrounded by a frosted horseshoe-shaped margin. The test is slightly compressed with a rounded margin. A few specimens have a very small spine opposite the aperture, as does the specimen of Todd and Low. Although none of the figured specimens in the Cushman collection are from the Florida area, the species was reported on the Southeastern Continental Shelf by Wilcoxon (1964). Scattered specimens were found throughout the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310183. (Total: 29; range: 0-5.) Optically: radial. Fissurina species PLATE 5: FIGURE 4 A single specimen with an elongate and well- rounded test is referred to this category. The surface of the test is frosted and opaque. The specimen was found in the St. Lucie tran- sect. Figured specimen: USNM 310184. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Optically: radial. Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911 Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny) PLATE 5: FIGURE 5 Bulimina elegantissima d’Orbigny, 1839b:51, pl. 7: figs. 13, 14. Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny).—Cushman and Parker, 1931:13, pl. 3: figs. 12, 13.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:17, pl. 8: figs. 3, 4. Parker, Phleger, and Pierson, 1953:6, 7, pl. 4: figs. 8, 9.—Bandy, 1956:193.—Todd and Bronni- man, 1957:32, pl. 8: figs. 1, 2.—Lankford, 1959:2097, pl. 2: fig. 16.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:71, 72, pl. 1: figs. 19, 20. In addition to the above specimens, many un- figured specimens in the Cushman collection have been examined and found to be conspecific. This widespread species is found in greatest abundance near the inlets, suggesting it is an open-water species. Figured hypotype: USNM 310214. (Total: 1257; range: 0-118.) Optically: radial. Genus Bolivina d’Orbigny, 1839 Bolivina cf. compacta Sidebottom PLATE 5: FIGURE 6 Only one specimen was referred to this cate- gory. It has no striations, is coarsely perforate, and is rather inflated. Although it might be con- sidered an extreme form of Bolivina striatula, it is probably better referred to Bb. cf. compacta, as we see no gradation to this form. The specimen was collected at Link Port. Figured specimen: USNM 310192. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Optically: radial. Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill PLATE 5: FIGURE 7 Bolwvina paula Cushman and Cahill in Cushman and Ponton, 1932:84, pl. 12: fig. 6.—Cushman, 1937:91, pl. 11: fig. 9.—Cushman and McGlamery, 1938:107, 108, pl. 25: figs. 14, 18, 19.—Parker, 1954:516, pl. 7: fig. 26.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:74, pl. 2: figs. 1, 2. 32 SMITHSONIAN A few of our specimens are opaque like the holotype, but most are translucent to transparent. Perhaps the opacity of these specimens is due to weathering, particularly for the holotype, named from the Miocene. All specimens have flush ar- cuate sutures that do not cross the median. The periphery is smoothly rounded. Most specimens flair rapidly. Although most of our specimens have few pores, those pores that exist are concen- trated along the sutures, as they are on the holo- type. Most of the specimens referred to this species were found south of Fort Pierce Inlet. Figures hypotype: USNM 310193. (Total: 34; range: 0-11.) Optically: radial. Bolivina striatula Cushman PLATE 5: FIGURE 8 Bolivina striatula Cushman, 1922a:27, 28, pl. 3: fig. 10; 1941:10.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:6, pl. 4: figs. 4, 5.—Bandy, 1954:135, 136, pl. 31: fig. 9; 1956:193.— Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: figs. 12—16.—Lank- ford, 1959:2097, pl. 3: fig. 6.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:75, 76, pl. 2: figs. 5-10. Although this species shows much variation, it forms a distinct species. Most specimens have parallel sides and slightly depressed sutures, giv- ing a slightly lobate periphery. The margin is well rounded; the test is compressed. Smaller specimens tend to flair slightly; it seems that only the later chambers are added in parallel fashion. The test is usually transparent, although extremely dense striations, particularly near the base, may make the test opaque. The striations are most prominent on the initial third of the test. Only a few of the specimens were totally lacking in striations; Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977) reported as many as a third to be nonstriate. Although this species is common throughout the Indian River, it is most abundant in the southern portion. Figured hypotype: USNM 310194. (Total: 2462; range: 0-271.) Optically: radial. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden PLATE 5: FIGURE 9 Bolwina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden, 192929, pl. 4: fig. 4.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: fig. 29.— Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:76-78, pl. 2: figs. 11-22. Bolwina plicatella Cushman.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:15, 16, pl. 3: fig. 19.—Cushman, 1937:89, pl. 11: figs. 3,4. Boliwina plicatella var. mera Cushman and Ponton.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:33, pl. 8: fig. 30. A good discussion of this variable species is given by Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977). Our specimens generally have slowly tapering biserial tests composed of about 10-12 chambers. The surface of the chambers is rough, giving the spec- imens a frosted appearance. The sutures are de- pressed and only slightly, if at all, curved. Some of the specimens have fine longitudinal striations, particularly on the early portion of the test. Most of the specimens thus referred were found at Buoy 195 and the St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310195. (Total: 49; range: 0-6.) Optically: radial. Bolivina sp. A PLATE 5: FIGURE 10 The test is long and narrow. The chambers are inflated, and the sutures are slightly depressed. The pores are fine and concentrated on the lower half of the chambers, making them almost opaque. The earliest chambers are almost com- pletely covered with pores. The specimens are similar to the middle Oli- gocene topotypes of Bolivina beyricht Reuss, but the later are more compressed and flair more. This species was found at only one station of | the Buoy 195 transect. Figured specimen: USNM 310196. (Total: 3; | range: 0-3.) | Optically: radial. Bolivina sp. B PLATE 5: FIGURE 11 Our specimens are translucent with moderately — depressed sutures and inflated chambers. Most of | "i : | | | | NUMBER 16 the specimens are parallel sided. The chambers _have few pores; those present are concentrated _along the base of the chambers. Of the 35 specimens found, 18 occurred at Herman’s Bay and Jensen Beach, where they _ were part of the group that composed 95% of the total living population. Figured specimen: USNM 310197. (Total: 35; | range: 0-6.) Optically: radial. Genus Bulimina d’Orbigny, 1826 Bulimina acculeata d’Orbigny PLATE 5: FIGURE 12 | Bulimina acculeata d’Orbigny, 1826:269.—Cushman and Par- ker, 1938:92, pl. 6: figs. 9, 10.—Phleger, 1939:1403, pl. 3: fig. 24.—Cushman, 1944:28, pl. 3: fig. 47.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:15, pl. 7: fig. 23. The topotypes in the Cushman collection (Cushman and Parker, 1938) are larger and more opaque than any of our specimens. However, our specimens have the radiating spines that are com- mon to this species and which serve to differen- uate it from Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny, which has serrated margins on its chambers. Most of our specimens were found at Herman’s Bay. Figured hypotype: USNM 310209.(Total: 13; range: 0-5.) Optically: radial. Genus Pavonina d’Orbigny, 1826 ?Pavonina species PLATE 5: FIGURE 13 A single small specimen is tentatively referred to Pavona. It has the low arched chambers and radial wall structure common to the genus but is very finely perforate. Owing to its small size, it is difficult to tell whether or not the specimen has the initial triserial stage of the genus. The specimen was found at St. Lucie Inlet. Figured specimen: USNM 310233. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Optically: radial. 33 Genus Hopkinsina Howe and Wallace, 1932 Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman PLATE 5: FIGURE 14 Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman, 1933b:86, pl. 8: fig. 16.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:35, 36, pl. 9: figs. 3, 4. Hopkinsina pacifica var. atlantica Cushman, 1944:30, pl. 4: fig. IW Hopkinsina pacifica var. atlantica Cushman.—Parker, 1952b:451, pl. 4: figs. 14-16. Although some authors have called the Atlan- tic version of Hopkinsina pacifica a subspecies, we prefer to follow the approach of Todd and Bron- niman (1957): “...the difference between popu- lations is not of subspecific rank.” The holotype of H. pacifica and the holotype and paratypes of H. pacifica var. atlantica all appear conspecific with our specimens, although some of our specimens are not so twisted as most of the primary types. This species occurs only in the southern portion of the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310190. (Total: 70; range: 0-17.) Optically: radial. Hopkinsina cf. pacifica Cushman PLate 5: FIGURE 15 Two specimens are referred to this category. Although they match Hopkinsina pacifica sensu stricto in overall shape and surface texture, they are extremely compressed laterally, perhaps to the point of being strictly biserial. Both specimens were found at Jensen Beach. Figured specimen: USNM 310191. (Total: 2; range: 0-1.) Optically: radial. Genus Trifarina Cushman, 1923 Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman) PLATE 5: FIGURE 16 Uvigerina angulosa Cushman, 1922a:34, pl. 5: figs. 3-4. Uvigerina occidentalis (Cushman).—Cushman, 1923:169, 170. Angulogerina occidentalis (Cushman).—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:36, pl. 9: figs. 5, 6. 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:82, pl. 3: figs. 7-10. Most of the specimens are rather battered and broken. They are all short and triangular in appearance. None have the long, almost uniserial form identified by Todd and Bronniman (1957, Pls Oats 9): Figured hypotype: USNM 310210. (Total: 10; range: 0-2.) Optically: radial. Genus Rosalina d’Orbigny, 1826 Rosalina bulbosa (Parker) PLATE 5: FIGURES 17-19 “Discorbis” bulbosa Parker, 1954:523, pl. 8: figs. 10-12. Rosalina bulbosa (Parker).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:85. Our specimens match Parker’s types well, as well as matching the unfigured specimens of Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977) from Jamaica. Three of our specimens were found attached, two to miliolids, and one to an Elphidium mexicanum. Scattered specimens were found throughout the Indian River. Figured hypotypes: USNM 310234, 310235. Hypotype: USNM 310236. (Total: 14; range: 0- Ike) Optically: radial. Rosalina concinna (Brady) PLATE 6: FIGURES 1, 2 Discorbina concinna Brady, 1884:646, pl. 90: figs. 7, 8. Discorbis concinnus (Brady).—Bandy, 1956:193, pl. 31: fig. 4. Rosalina concinna’ (Brady).—Buzas, Smith, 1977:85, 86, pl. 4: figs. 4-6. and Beem, This species has a round outline and is fairly compressed. The spiral side has flush sutures. The umbilical side has slightly depressed sutures. There are usually only four chambers visible on the umbilical side, surrounding a small umbilical pit. The final chamber usually covers one-third to one-half of the umbilical side. Parker’s specimens of Rosalina cf. concinna (Par- MARINE SCIENCES ker, 1954, pl. 8: figs. 17, 18) seem to fit into our suite of specimens without any difficulty. Scattered specimens were found throughout the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310237. (Total: 44; range: 0-7.) Optically: radial. Rosalina floridana (Cushman) PLATE 6: FIGURES 5, 6 Discorbis floridana Cushman, 1922a:39, 40, pl. 5: figs. 11, 12; 1931:21, pl. 4: figs. 7, 8.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:18, 19, pl. 4: fig. 5.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:20, pl. 10: fig. 4. Discorbis floridanus (Cushman).—Bandy, 1954:136, pl. 31: fig. Il Rosalina floridana (Cushman).—Parker, 1954:524—525, pl. 8: figs. 19, 20.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:36, pl. 9: figs. 16-21.—Buzas, Smith and Beem, 1977:86, pl. 4: figs. 7-9. The most distinctive characteristic of this ros- alinid is the overlapping nature of the chambers on the umbilical side. Frequently, the overlapping portions of the chambers form flaps that extend over a deep umbilical pit. The aperture is long, from the umbilical area (generally in the pit) to the periphery. The aperture is low and frequently has a small lip. Our specimens are generally neither as coarsely perforate nor as compressed as those in the Cushman collection but fall well within their range of variation. This species was most abundant at Vero Beach and Link Port. Figured hypotype: USNM 310238. (Total: 159; range: 0-39.) Optically: granular. Rosalina aff. floridensis (Cushman) PLATE 6: FIGURES 3, 4 Our few specimens are distinctive and perhaps are a new species. The test is compressed. The ; spiral side is coarsely perforate. The chambers fill the umbilical side, making it flat. The sutures are very hard to see on the umbilical side unless the | — specimen is wet. The umbilical side is covered with a coarse granular layer. | NUMBER 16 All specimens were found at Vero Beach. Figured specimen: USNM 310239. (Total: 3; range: 0-2.) Optically: granular. Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny PLATE 6: FIGURES 7, 8 _ Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny, 1826:271, pl. 13: figs. 1-4. Discorbis columbiensis Cushman, 1925:43, pl. 6: fig. 13. Tretomphalus bulloides (d’Orbigny).—Cushman, 1934:86, pl. ilils sive, 2 Tretomphalus myerst Cushman, 1943:26, pl. 6: figs. 4-6. Tretomphalus atlanticus Cushman.—Bock, 1971:53, pl. 19: figs. 1-3. This much-confused species was well described by Douglas and Sliter in 1965. Its considerable variation has led to its taxonomic confusion over the years. Our specimens tend to have a slightly higher spire than most of those in the Cushman collec- tion but fit well into the range established by Douglas and Sliter (1965). Only one of our spec- imens had a float chamber. This species is widely distributed in the Indian River but is most abundant in the southern part. Figured hypotype: USNM 310240; (Total: 175; range: 0-27.) Optically: radial. Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman) PLATE 6: FIGURES 9-12 Discorbis subaraucana Cushman, 1922a:41, pl. 7: figs. 1, 2; HOSTESS 2S plaiatic. 2. Discorbis flondana Cushman.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:7, pl. 4: figs. 18, 19. Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:86, 87, pl. 4: figs. 13-15. Only one representative of this species is large; it matches the specimen of Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977) very well. The small specimens are more transparent and have very few pores, but the overall shape is identical to that of the single large specimen and those specimens in the Cush- man collection. 35 This species was found mainly at Vero Beach and St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotypes: USNM 310242, 310243. (Total: 32; range: 0-14.) Optically: radial. Rosalina juveniles Some very small trochospiral specimens were put in this category. When a specimen has only three or four chambers, specific, or even generic, placement is almost impossible. Total: 16; range: 0-5. Genus Stetsonia Parker, 1954 Stetsonia minuta Parker PLATE 7: FIGURES 1, 2 Stetsonia minuta Parker, 1954:534, 535, pl. 10: figs. 27-29. Only two specimens of this species were found. Unfortunately one was lost, and the other was heavily gold coated for SEM use. Both specimens were found at St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310244. (Total: 2; range: 0-1.) Optically: radial. Genus Glabratella Dorreen, 1948 Glabratella species PLATE 7: FIGURES 3, 4 Three compressed specimens from Buoy 195 were referred to this category. Figured specimen: USNM 310220. (Total: 3; range: 0-3.) Optically: radial. Genus Glabratellina Seiglie and Bermudez, 1965 Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman) PLATE 7: FIGURES 5, 6 Rosalina sagrai Todd and Bronniman, 1957:37, pl. 9: fig. 22. Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:91, pl. 5: figs. 25-27. 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Although our specimens generally do not have as high a spire as those mentioned above, they do have the pustules on the umbilical side that are distinctive to this species. They generally have 7— 8 chambers visible in the final whorl. Scattered specimens occur throughout the In- dian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310221. (Total: 28; range: 0-3.) Optically: radial. Genus Mychostomina Berthelin, 1881 Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler) PLATE 7: FIGURES 7, 8 Spirillina vivipara var. revertens Rhumbler, 1906:32, pl. 2: figs. 8-10. Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg var. densepunctata Cushman.— Cushman and Parker, 1931:18, pl. 4: fig. 1. ?Conrcospirillina atlantica Cushman, 1947:91, pl. 20: fig. 8. Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler).—Smith and _ Isham, 1974:66, pl. 1: figs. 1-3, 7-9.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:93, pl. 6: figs. 7-12. Although our specimens do not match any of Smith and Isham’s (1974) drawings extremely well, they do match USNM 211312 exactly. This unfigured specimen from Jamaica was selected by Smith for Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977. Apparently it represents an extreme form of this species, a form that has many whorls on the spiral side and has only very few very fine pores. Most of the specimens occur at Vero Beach. Figured hypotype: USNM 310223. (Total: 11; range: 0-4.) Optically: radial. Genus Ammonia Brunnich, 1772 Ammonia beccarii (Linne) PLATE 7: FIGURES 9, 10 Nautilus beccarit Linné, 1758:710. Rotalia beccari (Linne).—Cushman, 1922a:52, pl. 8: figs. 7— 9; 1928:104, pl. 15: figs. 1-7; 1931:58, pl. 13: figs. 1, 2; 1944:35, pl. 4: fig. 22.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 1952b:457, 458, pl. 5: fig. 5.--Parker, Phleger, and Peir- son, 1953:13, pl. 4: figs. 20-22, 25-30. “Rotalia” beccar (Linné) variants.—Phleger, Parker, and Peirson, 1953:42, pl. 9: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 1954:531, pl. lOsties se 25516; Ammonia beccari (Linné).—Buzas, 1965b:62, pl. 4: fig. 1. Rosalina parkinsona d’Orbigny, 1839a:99, pl. 4: figs. 25-27. Rotalia beccarri (Linné) var. parkinsona (d’Orbigny).—Phleger and Parker, 1951:23, pl. 12: fig. 6.—Bock, 1971:55, 56, pl. 20: figs. 5, 6. Rotalia beccaru (Linné) var. tepida Cushman, 1926:79, pl. 1; 1931:61, pl. 13: fig. 3.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:23, pl. 12: fig. 7.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 1952b:457, 458, pl. 5: fig. 8. Rotalia beccar (Linné) var. sobrina Shupack, 1934:6, 7, fig. 4.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 1952b:457, 458, pl. 5: fig: 8. Although some researchers divide this species into several varieties, we feel that all are found in similar areas or even in the same replicate, and thus we believe that subspecific nomenclature is not warranted. This is the most abundant species in the Indian River, and it is found throughout the river. Only one station, in the Jensen Beach transect, did not have any members of this species. Figured hypotype: USNM 310213. (Total: 7468; range: 0-499.) Optically: radial. Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808 Elphidium advenum (Cushman) PLATE 8: FIGURE | Polystomella advena Cushman, 1922a:56, 57, pl. 9: figs. 11, 12. Elphidium advenum (Cushman).—Parker, Phleger, and Peir- son, 1953:7, pl. 3: fig. 11.—Parker, 1954:508, pl. 6: fig. 14.—Bandy, 1956:193, pl. 30: fig. 18—Todd and Bron- niman, 1957:39, pl. 6: figs. 5-7.—Bock 1971:56, pl. 20: figs. 7, 8. Some of our specimens do not have a keel and, at first, could be mistaken for an Elphidium exca- vatum with a glassy umbilicus. However, the two species differ in the shape of their peripheries (that of E. advenum is acute, not rounded) and in wall structure. Elphidium advenum is granular, not radial. All our specimens have many sutural bridges and fit well within the limits of this species’ variation. Only a few of the specimens referred to this species occur north of Fort Pierce Inlet. - NUMBER 16 Figured hypotype: USNM 310198. Hypotype: USNM 310199. (Total: 37; range: 0-6.) Optically: granular. Elphidium excavatum (Terquem) PLATE 8: FIGURE 2 Polystomella excavata Terquem, 1875:25, pl. 2: fig. 2. Elphidium incertum var. clavatum Cushman, 1930:20, pl. 7: fig. 10. Elphidium clavatum Cushman.—Loeblich and Tappan, 1953:98, 99, pl. 19: figs. 8-10.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:39, pl. 6: fig. 10.—Buzas, 1965a:58, 59, pl. 2: figs. 6, 7, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2; 1966:591, pl. 71: figs. 1-8. Only a few specimens have the “characteristic brown color” of this species, and most of them tend to be smaller than specimens from further north. Our specimens do have the umbilical bosses, sutural bridges, and deep coarse pores characteristic of the species. This species occurs in low abundance through- out the Indian River but is most abundant at John’s Island and St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310202. Hypotype: USNM 310201. (Total: 493; range: 0-49.) Optically: radial. Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld) PLATE 8: FIGURE 3 Elphidium gunterr Cole var. galvestonensis Kornfeld, 1931:87, pl. 15: fig. 1.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:10, pl. 5: figs. 13, 14.—Bandy, 1954:136, pl. 30: fig. 2. Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld).—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:7, 8, pl. 3: figs. 15, 16. We have examined the specimen designated by Kornfeld as Elphidium guntert var. galvestonensis Kornfeld, microspheric form (691), later desig- nated by Parker, Phleger, and Peirson (1953) as a lectotype. It matches our specimens extremely well. Our specimens are large and have an almost porcelanous sheen. This species occurs mainly in the northern part of the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310200. (Total: 26; range: 0-4.) Optically: radial. Elphidium gunteri Cole PLaTE 8: FIGURE 4 Elphidium gunterr Cole, 1931:34, pl. 4: figs. 9, 10.—Parker, 1954:508, pl. 6: fig. 16—Bandy, 1956:194, pl. 30: fig. 19.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 2: fig. 7. This species has deep coarse pores and is fre- quently brown. The umbilical area is usually filled with many glassy pustules. This species occurs mostly in the narrow, island-filled portion of the river at the John’s Island and Vero Beach stations. Figured hypotype: USNM 310203. Hypotype: USNM 310204. (Total: 446; range: 0-53.) Optically: radial. Elphidium kugleri (Cushman and Bronniman) PLATE 8: FIGURE 5 Cribroelphidium kuglerr Cushman and Bronniman, 1948a:18, 19, pl. 4: fig. 4. Specimens flair rapidly and have regular septal bridges, as do the primary types. Not all of our specimens are so transparent as the types; instead, some are a milky white, possibly due to etching. Scattered specimens of this species occur throughout the river. Figured hypotype: USNM 310205. (Total: 110; range: 0-18.) Optically: radial. Elphidium mexicanum Kornfeld Ficure 25; PLaTe 8: FIGURE 6 Elphidium incertum var. mexicanum Kornfeld, 1931:89, pl. 16: fig. 1. We had the opportunity to examine Kornfeld’s types. Our material looks most like Kornfeld’s specimen no. 694. Kornfeld’s specimen has 12 chambers in the final whorl, but ours usually have from 9 to 11. In his description, he indicated a variation from 10 to 12. The umbilical area on our specimens is usually larger than on Kornfeld’s specimen and is often depressed, whereas it is flush on his specimen. Furthermore, our speci- mens often contain one or more umbilical bosses, 38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Figure 25.—Elphidium mexicanum, side view, USNM 310289, hypotype, X 200. but Kornfeld’s type does not. In his description, however, Kornfeld did use the phrase “umbilical region multiple or central,” indicating, perhaps, that some of the individuals he examined also had multiple bosses. Despite the differences noted above, we believe our specimens are best referred to E. mexicanum. This species occurs throughout the Indian River but is most abundant at the inlets. Figured hypotypes: USNM 310288, 310289. Hypotypes: USNM 310290, 310291, 310292, 3110293, 3102945 3110295, 3102967 3102975 etal: 613; range: 0-74.) Optically: granular. Elphidium cf. mexicanum Kornfeld PLATE 8: FIGURE 7 The two specimens that were referred to this category are more compressed and flair more than Elphidium mexicanum sensu stricto. Their su- tures are curved to a slightly greater degree, and the sutural bridges are much more regular than those of the majority of the E. mexicanum sensu stricto specimens. ‘They may represent an extreme form of E. mexicanum, but we do not see sufficient gradiation between the two forms. Both specimens were found in a single Buoy 195 replicate. Figured specimen: USNM 310207. (Total: 2: range: 0-2.) Optically: granular. Elphidium norvangi Buzas, Smith, and Beem PLATE 8: FIGURE 8 Elphidium norvang: Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:96, pl. 7: figs. 1-4. A few specimens of this distinctive small Elphi- dium were found. All had the spike-shaped pa- pillae on the apertural face, the unique feature of the species. Most of the specimens were found at Buoy 195. Figured hypotype: USNM 310206. (Total: 13; range: 0-2.) Optically: radial. Elphidium species PLATE 8: FIGURE 9 The walls of these specimens are opaque and milky white. The sutures are slightly depressed and crossed by regularly spaced sutural bridges. There are about 16 chambers in the final whorl; they are inflated, making the periphery smoothly rounded. Two specimens of this granular species were found south of the Fort Pierce Inlet. Figured specimen: USNM 310208. (Total: 2; range: 0-1.) Optically: granular. Genus Haynesina Banner and Culver, 1978 Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg) Pirate 8: FIGURE 10 Nononina germanica Ehrenberg, 1840:23; 1841, pl. 2: figs. la—g. Nonion germanicum (Ehrenberg).—Cushman, 1930:8, 9, pl. 3: fig. 5. Nonvon trsburyensis Butcher, 1948:21, 22, figs. 1-3. NUMBER 16 Protelphidium tisburyense (Butcher).—Parker and Athearn, 1959:342, pl. 50: figs. 26, 32. Nonion depressulum var. 1971:64, pl. 23: fig. 14. Haynesina germanca (Ehrenberg).—Banner and Culver, 1978, pl. 4: figs. 1-6, pl. 5: figs. 1-8, pl. 6: figs. 1-7, pl. 8: figs. 1-10, pl. 9, figs. 1-11, 15, 18. Kornfeld.— Bock, matagordanum The specimens have granular material in the umbilical area and curved, depressed sutures with no sutural bridges. As a group our specimens do not match those of Banner and Culver (1978) exactly, but the two populations show consider- able overlap. Our specimens tend to have slightly straighter sutures and slightly less granular ma- terial in the umbilical area than do those of Banner and Culver (1978), but we do not consider the difference to be of specific importance. This widely distributed species was found in low abundance, mostly in the northern half of the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310211. (Total: 53; range: 0-11.) Optically: radial. Genus Eponides de Montfort, 1808 Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll) PLATE 9: FIGURES 1, 2 Nautilus repandus Fichtel and Moll, 1798:35, pl. 3: figs. a—d. Eponides repanda (Fichtel and Moll).—Cushman 1931:49-51, pl. 10: fig. 7. Epondes repandus (Fichtel and Moll).—Parker, 1954:529, pl. 9: figs. 27, 28.—Bock, 1971:58, pl. 21: figs. 6, 7. A few specimens of this well-known open-water species were found near the St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310219. (Total: 6; range: 0-2.) Genus Cibicides de Montfort, 1808 Cibicides aff. floridana (Cushman) PLATE 9: FIGURES 3, 4 Our four specimens differ from Cibicides flor- dana sensu stricto in having very indistinct sutures and in having a flatter umbilical side. 39 Three specimens were found at St. Lucie Inlet; the fourth was found at Jensen Beach. Figured specimen: USNM 310215. (Total: 4; range: 0-3.) Optically: granular. Cibicides species PLATE 9: FIGURES 5, 6 Our two specimens are small with a flattened, but still convex, spiral side. The sutures on the umbilical side are radial and extend to the center of the specimen. The spiral side is coarsely per- forate with a depressed spiral sutural line. Both specimens are from Buoy 195. Figured specimen: USNM 310216. (Total: 2; range: 0-2.) Optically: radial. Genus Planorbulina d’Orbigny, 1826 Planorbulina mediterranensis d’Orbigny PLATE 9: FIGURE 7 Planorbulina mediterranensis dOrbigny, 1826:280, pl. 14: figs. 4-6 [6 bis.].—Cushman, 1922a:45, 46, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2: 1931:129, 130, pl. 24: figs. 5-8.—Bandy, 1954:137, pl. 31: fig. 3.—Parker, 1954:545, pl. 13: fig. 9. A single broken representative of this species was found at St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310189. (Total: 1; range: 0-1.) Optically: radial. Genus Cymbaloporetta Cushman, 1928 Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman) PLATE 9: FIGURES 8, 9 Tretomphalus atlanticus Cushman, 1934:86, 87, pl. 11: fig. 3, pl. 12: fig. 7.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:26, pl. 14: fig. 3. Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:101, pl. 7: figs. 22-24. Two specimens were referred to this species. They are large and have the cymbaloporetoid chambers on the final whorl. Neither has a float chamber as do many of Cushman’s specimens. 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Our specimens are slightly more inflated than most of those in the Cushman collection. One specimen was found at Buoy 195, the other at Herman’s Bay. Figured hypotype: USNM 310217. (Total: 2; range: 0-1.) Optically: radial. Cymbaloporetta species PLATE 9: FIGURES 10, 11 A single broken specimen from Herman’s Bay is thus referred. Figured specimen: USNM 310218. (Range: 0-1; total: 1.) Optically: granular. Genus Fursenkoina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Fursenkoina fusiformis (Williamson) PLaTe 10: FIGURE | Bulimina pupoides(?) var. fusiformis Williamson, 1858:63, figs. 129, 130. Virgulina fusiformis (Williamson).—Parker, 1952a:417, pl. 19: figs. 5, 6; 1952b:461, pl. 4: fig. 10. The last three chambers of our specimens make up just less than half the length of the test; Williamson’s drawing shows them making up a little more. Our specimens are not so inflated as in the drawing by Williamson but do have the finely perforate walls and triserial to twisted bi- serial chamber arrangement he describes for the species. Almost all the specimens occur at Herman’s Bay. Figured hypotype: USNM 310185. (Total: 11; range: 0-5.) Optically: radial. Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman) PLATE 10: FIGURE 2 Virgulina mexicana Cushman, 1922b:120, pl. 23: fig. 8.—Phle- ger and Parker, 1951:19, pl. 9: figs. 6-8.—Parker 1954:512, pl. 7: figs. 7, 8. Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman).—Bock, 1971:62, pl. 23: fig. 8. The test of this species is rather compressed and tends toward being biserial. The test gener- ally displays only two or three chambers on one side while displaying all of them, 8-10, on the other. Our specimens are slightly more com- pressed than the primary types and have slightly more depressed sutures. This species is most common in the central portion of the Indian River, north and south of Fort Pierce Inlet, but not at the inlet itself. Figured hypotype: USNM 310186. (Total: 18; range: 0-7.) Optically: granular. Fursenkoina pontoni (Cushman) Pate 10: FIGURE 3 Virgulina pontont Cushman, 1932:19, pl. 2: figs. 26-28.—Phle- ger and Parker, 1951:19, pl. 9: figs. 9, 10.—Parker, Phle- ger, and Peirson, 1953:15, pl. 4: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 1954:513, pl. 7: fig. 9.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 2: fig. 17. Fursenkoina pontont (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:102, pl. 8: figs. 7, 8. This species is compressed laterally and has slightly depressed sutures. It is twisted slightly about its central axis. The specimens were found near St. Lucie Inlet and at Buoy 195. Figured hypotype: USNM 310187. (Total: 4; range: 0-2.) Optically: granular. Genus Sigmavirgulina Loeblich and Tappan, 1957 Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady) PraTE 10: FIGURE 4 Bolwina tortuosa Brady.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:16, pl. 3: fig. 22.—Cushman, 1937:133, 134, pl. 17: figs. 11-19; 1941:10.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: fig. 24. Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:103, 104, pl. 8: figs. 9-12. NUMBER 16 Our single specimen has the twisted test and coarse pores present in the specimens in the Cush- man collection. It was found in the St. Lucie transect. Figured hypotype: USNM 310188. (Total: 1; range: Q-1.) Optically: radial. Genus Cassidulina d’Orbigny, 1826 Cassidulina barbara Buzas Piate 10: FIGURE 5 Cassidulina barbara Buzas, 1965a:25, 26, pl. 5: figs. 2, 3. Cassidulina cf. Smith, and Beem, 1977:106. subglobosa.—Buzas, Two specimens of this species were found, one at St. Lucie Inlet and the other at Buoy 195. Figured hypotype: USNM 310212. (Total: 2; range: 0-1.) Optically: granular. Genus Nonion de Montfort, 1808 Nonion boueanum (d’Orbigny) PLaTe 10: FIGURES 6, 7 Nomonina boueana d’Orbigny, 1846:108, pl. 5: figs. 11, 12. Nonion boueanum (d’Orbigny).—Cushman, 1939:12, 13, pl. 3: figs. 7, 8—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: figs. 25, 26. This rather large Nonion has about 14 chambers in the final whorl and has the curved depressed sutures shown in d’Orbigny’s drawing and in topotypes in the Cushman collection. The three specimens were found at Herman’s Bay. Figured hypotype: USNM 310224. (Total: 3; range: 0-2.) Optically: granular. Nonion species Pate 10: Ficures 8, 9 The specimens in this category are similar to Nonion boueanum in that both species have a round 41 outline, are slightly compressed with an angular, but not sharp, periphery, and have curved su- tures. Nonion sp. A differs from N. boueanum, how- ever, in having flush, not depressed, sutures and in lacking the final greatly inflated chamber com- mon to N. boueanaum. The SEM’s show some primitive sutural bridges, leading us to suspect the Nonion designation. A few specimens from the stations just north and south of the Fort Pierce Inlet are referred to this category. Figured specimen: USNM 310225. Mentioned specimen: USNM 310226. (Total: 7; range: 0-3.) Optically: granular. Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926 Nonionella atlantica Cushman Piate 10: Ficures 10-12 Nonoonella atlantica Cushman, 1947:90, 91, pl. 20: figs. 4, 5.— Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: figs. 30, 31. This species has very inflated chambers and a moderate amount of granular material in the umbilical region. A few specimens of this species were found scattered throughout the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310227. (Total: 8; range: 0-3.) Optically: granular. Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland PLATE 11: FIGURES 1-3 Nonzonella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930:192, pl. 5: figs. 68-70.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: fig. 32.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:107. This species shows a considerable amount of variation. Taxonomic placement of this species is complicated by the poor figure of Heron-Allen and Earland and the misidentification of many of the specimens in the Cushman collection. Many of the specimens in the Cushman collection are either Nonzonella atlantica or Nonion grateloupi. The larger specimens of this species seem al- 42 most planispiral. The periphery may be fairly acute but is rounded on most specimens. The chambers are compressed, and the sutures are only slightly depressed. The proloculus is gener- ally visible on the “spiral” side as a large knob, the “umbilical” side usually has little or no gran- ular material in it. In smaller specimens the large prolocular chamber makes the specimen very tro- choid; only the larger later chambers tend toward being planispiral. This species occurs throughout the Indian River but is most abundant in the southern part. Figured hypotype: USNM 310228. Hypotype: USNM 210229. (Total: 458; range: 0-59.) Optically: granular. Nonionella cf. auricula Heron-Allen and Earland PLate 11: FIGURES 4-6 Three specimens were thus referred. They flair more rapidly than Nonvonella auricula sensu stricto. The final chambers tend to be very high and long, with very straight sutures. This group seems to be more compressed and less trochospiral than specimens of similar size that were placed in N. auricula. The specimens were found at Buoy 195 and Herman’s Bay. Figured specimen: USNM 310230. Mentioned specimen: USNM 310231. (Total: 3; range: 0-2.) Optically: granular. Nonionella opima Cushman Piate 11: riGures 7-9 Nonionella opima Cushman, 1947:90, pl. 20: figs. 1-3.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2.—Parker, Phle- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES ger, and Peirson, 1953:11, pl. 3: figs. 32, 33.—Parker, 1954:507, pl. 6: fig. 10-12.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 2: figs. 10-11. Our specimens have the circular outline and inflated final chamber of this distinctive species. Very few of our specimens have the curved su- tures of Cushman’s types. This species appears in low numbers through- out the Indian River. Figured hypotype: USNM 310232. (Total: 11; range: 0-3.) Optically: granular. Genus Hanzawaia Asano, 1944 Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman) Pate 11: FicureEs 10, 11 Truncatulina concentrica Cushman, 1918:64, pl. 21: fig. 3. Cibicides concentrica (Cushman).—Cushman, 1931:120, 121, pl: 2: figs: 45 5) pli 22-uhiesaelae2 Cibicides concentricus (Cushman).—Phleger and _ Parker, 1951:29, pl. 15: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 1952b:445, 446, pl. 5: fig. 10. The holotype of this species is missing; how- ever, the four paratypes designated by Cushman were examined. Our specimens do not have su- tures that are as depressed as those of the para- types but otherwise match extremely well. All but one of our specimens were collected at St. Lucie Inlet. Figured hypotype: USNM 310222. (Total: 6; range: 0-2.) Optically: radial. Appendix Number of Living Individuals Observed in 20 ml Replicate Samples (Localities are shown in Figure 1) 43 HAULOVER BANANA SEBASTIAN JGEM'S ISLAND SPECIES 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 itd 2 z' 3 39 aS aie 5 PEALE LO GROMLAVaetercloleveteiotereterciorere 0 2 8 AMAONTA) BECCART Ice ca eccn ce ; WO 2) Op AP 30 68 39 35 100 48 90 102 191 137 156) 25>) 25) aBSmai 4 AMMOMACULIIES eXI1GUUS.secece 5 AMMOBACULITES EXILIS.sececee 5 4 2 5 7 0) AMMOBACULITES CF. A. EXILIS. ARTICULINA CF, A, PACIFICA.. : BILUCULINELLA GLOSULA..cceccceerecs HOLIVINA CE. Be (COMPAGTAs. cnoecces BOLIVINA PAULAIss coc osecle ccs ate 2 BULIVINA STRIATULA..ycccece ae A 9. 2 Ayn GOS 89) Mies WA AO) Bw @ 6 BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA. .ecece Bc or man 1 BOUVIL WA SPiy Alera slelelelevete ee ee BORIVINA ISPHeBee eee enone ae 2 BULIMINA ACCULEATA,. cece eee BULIMLNELLA ELEGANTISSIMAs.cecocece 3 1 1 7 1 5 = a BD 2 A zu 7 CASSIUULUNA BARB AR Ap ercterstetetorersletersie CLBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA.. GUBNCID SiS Prejcteteveicisisieseleiciererersie CYCLUGYRA PLANURBIS. .ececcces CYMBALUPURETTA ATLANTICA.ccce CYMBALOPOKEITA SP. A... EDENIUSTOMINA CULTRATA.cecece EDENTUSTOMINA CF. E. CULTRATAscees ELPHLDIUM ADVENUM. .cccccccee ELFRHIDIUM EXCAVATUM, ..cccece ee 5 4 6 4 13 1 16 7 1325) 320) he eV AN) 7)5 5 4 12 4 12 ELPHIDILUM GALVESTONENSE weee oe 1 3 4 4 1 3 ELPHIDIUM GUNTERI .. ec eww eee ee 1 12 1 1 2 4 Sy eb AA 2 1 ELPHIDIUM KUGLERI. ,avccnccccccccce 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM, ..ccccccccecces 11 9 6 5 1 4 oly eke DI LY 4 z 4 2 4 3 ELPHIDIUM CF. Es MEXICANUMe cccccce EBPHIDTUM INORVANGIVs crc eieleloicielete tele aie ELPHIOIUM SP. A... ° EPUNIVES REPANDUS, e FISSURINA LUCIDA,, e 1 1 1 FISSURINA SP. Aacecccece e FURSEWKOINA FUSIFORMIS.. . FUKSENKOINA MEXICANA. .e.e fe FUKSENKOINA PONTONI,.... 0 GAUDRYINA EXILIS.. cee . 1 2 1 1 GLABKATELLA SPecsececece GUAGRATELOLNA SAGRATS ae sci cncnrecies m2 HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA.ccccccccccce HAYNESINA GERMANICA.. eee HOPKINSINA PACIFICA. .eccccccce HOPKINSINA CF. H. PACIFICAseee LSHAMELLA APERTURA, sc ycccccece LAGENA CF. Le. DOVEYENSIS.eseee MASSILINA SP. Ascccccccccceces MILIULINELLA SUBRUTUNDAcccecee MILIULINELLA Ch. M, SUBROTUND 2? MILIULINELLA SP. A..ccaccccs MYCHOSTCMINA REVERTENS.. NUNIUN BDOUUEANUMeccccccce NONCONISS Drovereletelsieloteleleta sleiciefsteieie visieisie NONIONELLA ATLANTICA,.ccsccceececs 3 NONIUNELLA AURLCULA. .cceeecce NUNIOUNELLA CF. N, AURICULA... NONIUNELLA OPIMA.,. . ee ec ccc vee PAETEURIS DLILITATA,.....~ 2: PAWVIOINTINAN 1S |Pievevere/ejeravnierele PENERUPLIS PERIUSUS..cecececs PLANURBULINA MEDITERRANENSISecceee QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS. eeccee 1 QUINQUELOCULINA CF. G@,. AKNERIANA.. QUIWQUeELUCULINA CF, Q. BIDENTATA.. GUINGUELOCULINA CARINATA*STRIATA.. 1 GULWQUELOCULINA GUEST cccccvccccce 2 QUINGUELUCULINA GUALTIERIANA.. QUINGUELUCULINA IMPRESSAceeeee QUIWUUELOCULINA POEYANA sc cceee QUINQUELOCULINA SEMINULAscceee QUINGUELGCULINA CF, 9, STRIATA WUINGUELUCULINA TENAGUSeeecces QUINQUELUCULINA SP. Avccccccce REUPHAX NAWA cece c ce cicececces ROSALINA EULBOSA.. ccc ccccceces ROSALIWA CONCINWA., KOSALINA FLURIVANA,. ..eccccece ROSALANA AFF. A. FLORIDENSIS.. RUSALINA GUUBULARIS. ,.ccccccce KOSALINA SUBARALCANA,..e. ROSALLWA JUVENILES. ...00e SCULULURIS SP. Ae ccccescccese SLGMAVIRGULINA TURTLOSA.cceeee SUFKITES MARGINALIS...ece SPIRULOCULINA DEPRESSA.. SHETSUNTA MTINUTDA s cpepelererere TRIFARIWA OCCIDENTALIS. cccccce IRILOCULIWA CK. T. TRIGONULA,.. TRUCHAAINA CF. T. ADVENA.. eee LRUCHAMLNA UCHRACEA. cca c cece TROCHAMINA SP Acccccacsccececcce ? TUBIINELLA SPs Ac ccc a cee SELSVERELLA AURICULATAs.. = N w I & i ° wo Z2Pe 22h 2 Che l9 9 214 ° 7 BF A) 1 4 15 > oo nN @ w u ~ ne nN ur N a ~ e or — wc w ov nN - w w nN Pen TULAL cece reneseravcccevecececccece Lire SLs 34 137) Sy Se. os) 87 1609 166 176 138 300 411 312. 65 70 119 32 202 VERO- BEACH LINKPORT JIM'S FLAT BUOY 195 1 a 92 20 3) 3! 4 4" 5 5! 1 0-2) Bo 2) 80 1 2 3 4 1 O°. 9) 7" §) yo (05, 5} 5! i 1 1 1 Bp Moeeisse23369 155) 731) 11/0) 169) 120) 7 108 113 59 101 24 10 58 45.157 52 141 377 96 220 46 143 193 131 323 194 1 4 } 1 1 2 2 1 419) 1 2 5 23 H 1 4 4 4 | 1 1 3 1 {ZAG Sa 6 | 4G 4 3 6 14 «14 F.2D AG 3 16 4 14 4 33 38 #18 38 (J HUG MVNO wr eu 2 1 4 6 1 1 3 2 3 | 1 1 z 3 6 | 1 1 1 2 5 2 4 3 2 1 5 8 2 12 1 1 17 3 25 7 LO AS Sz} WG 4 60 G2 62 6 4 } 2 1 1 1 1 yO 4 1 Quel A 8 AB > 3 Ano i GG 3 10 2 35 1 GAG sh 5th) 26 1 4 8 2 1 3 54ers) 3) 87 «(1 53) 6 500 «48 200147) to FUNG ioe Beets mey2 1 1 1 3 6 2 1 i20es 3 GB 6 1 11 18 Vy sa 8 2 20 24 2 4 1 9 LAO ss 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 2 1 1 7 = Sh 1 1 1 | 15 1 1 22 5 2 | 1 2 1 1 303 | 2 1 eet 1 1 1 5 8 11 A FD 19 26 3 3 1 3 of 2 1 1 1 5 2 4 lB 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 67 6 5 | 1 1 1g 1 1 | 1 1 2 | 5 4 1 yl 3 6 A G 2 GK Thee kt) ihe EUG SIGS) BIE) 6 z 1 7 Hl 2 1 1 | 3 1 | 2 1 1 1 2 5 15 35 35 18 1 MG A ag 2 24 32 1 4 26 42 38 A 3) 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 ‘i 7 20 20° A SG 3} 2) 417) Siem Bel Deh) 15h 2 52 21 81 23 AM 1 7 33) ] 3 | 1 | 1 1 2 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cr) 7 3 1 21 39 7 MO Ay 3 1 ee) tees? Dee 889 1 1 i= 2 i ) 2 1 1G 5 4 1 4 14 1 } 1 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 } 30 157 200 463 131 42 225 96 272 224 174 165 81 192 74 24 179 200 462 177 223))533'3) 15/3) 93/23) 16/3) 37/4) 411 3/50) 406) 325 SPECIES PALO GROMMAVelelereleretetereieletevetetclersielersters AMMONIA BECCARIIT, cccccccccccccecce AMMCBACULITES EXIGUUS..cccceccecce AMMOBACULITES EXILIS..ececccceccce AMMOBACULITES CF. A, EXILIS. ccoces ARTICULINA CF. A, PACIFICAccceccce BILOCULINELLA GLOBULA..cccccecceee BOLIVINA CF. Be COMPACTA.ccccccece BOL TVA) (PIAA elorertelereteieleleloieieterclelee BOLIVINASTRITATULAS Re eee eee neere BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA. cecccccccccce SOWIE SRo Noocoqoqo0cdd0n00G000 BOmLVNN SPo Boocoogoccovcn0o00000 BULIMINA ACCULEATA.. ccccceceececs BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMAscecccece CASSIDULINA BARBARA. .ccccccccceccs CIBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA. cece CABHCHDES SPodocdoongudoo0gun000KC CYCLOGYRA PLANORBIS,..ccccccccccce CYMBALOPORETTA ATLANTICAseccecccce CYMBALUPORETTA SP. Ayyosccccecccce EDENTUSTOMINA CULTRATAsccccccocece EDENTOSTOMINA CF, E. CULTRATAsceee ELPHIDIUM ADVENUM..ccccecceccccece ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM. .ecccccccccccs ELPHIDIIUM GALVESTONENSE.cccecccce ELPHUD TOM IGUNTERT sa emmcietinleenioeis ELPHIDIUM KUGLERI e.ceccccccce ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM, .ecccccccccece ELPHIDIUM CF. Es MEXICANUMecoeccee ELPHIDIUM NORVANGI..ceccccccccccce ELPHIDIUM SP. Acccccvvcccvccscsces EPONIDES REPANDUS...y.ccccccccccce PISSURINA LUCIDA... cc cccccccev cere FISSURINA SP. Aceccevcccvccceccces FURSENKOINA FUSIFORMIS.ccceccccece FURSENKOINA MEXICANA. coccccccccecs FURSENKOINA PONTONI..ececccccccece GAUDRIIKNAN EXILE Sisyeyarays cretoelelorarereteiorele GUABRATELL ANS Pieeeieeminiceeteioetioeiete GLABRATELLINA SAGRAI..e~ HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA... HAYNESINA GERMANICA..cccccccccccce HUPKINSINA PACIFICA. .acecccccccecss HOPKINSINA CF. H, PACIFICA. ccccece TSHAMELLA) APERTURAL Ao enoieinioninienine LAGENA CF. L. DOVEYENSIS..cceccces MASSILINA SP. Nesccccccccccccccece MILIOLINELLA SUBROTUNDAscceccccecs MILIOLINELLA CF. M, SUBROTUNDA..<e 2? MILIOLINELLA SP. Acccceccccecece MYCHOSTOMINA REVERTENS.ccceecccece NONION BOUEANUMecccceccccccccccece NONIKONDSPieverelolerelelsleierelercielorelercteletetereiele NONIONELLA ATLANTICA. sececcccecees NONIONELLA AURICULA..ccocccccevccs NONIONELLA CF. Ne. AURICULAsccecces NONIUNELLA OPIMAsccccccccccsccccce PAETEORIS DILITATA...ccccccccceees PE IDAWONILINAWS Plarcvelelereieteteleicieieieletelcieretele PENERUPLIS PERTUSUS...cccccceccces PLANORBULINA MEDITERRANENSIS.cecce QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS.ccccce QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q, AKNERIANA.. QUINGUELOCULINA CF, Q, BIDENTATA.. QUINQUELOCULINA CARINATA=STRIATA.. QUINQUELOCULINA GOESI.cccccceccece QUINQUELOCULINA GUALTIERIANA. coece QUINQUELOCULINA IMPRESSAceccececce QUINQUELOCULINA POEYANAsseccecoece GUINGUELOCULINA SEMINULAs.cecccecs QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q. STRIATA.sece WUINGUELOCULINA TENAGOS..ccecccces QUINQUELOCULINA SP, Avcecccccccece REOPHAX, (NAN Ale clejelcioierslereicielelcloccicieieleete ROSALINA BULBOSA,.,.. ROSALINA CONCINNA.scccccccccccccce ROSALINA FLORIDANAccecccecccvccece ROSAULINA AFF. As FLORIDENSIS.ccoee ROSALINA GLOBULARIS...ececcccccece ROSALINA SUBARAUCANA ss cccccccccecs ROSALINA JUVENILES. ...cccceccccecs SCUTULORIS SP. Avccecoce SIGMAVIRGULINA TORTUOSA. SORITES MARGINALIS,. .cocceccccccces SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSAcecccccccecs STETSONIA MINUTA,...cccccccccccece TRIFARINA OCCIDENTALIS. cecccecccce TRILOCULINA CF. T. TRIGONULAcecee. TROCHAMINA CF. T, ADVENAsccccceces TROCHAMINA OCHRACER. .ecceccccecccs TROGHAMINIAY (SBI lAysjepeletareyelerelerevererelelereicle 0 BUBUNBMHN B29 \Nogaggccgcccq00s00 WEISWERELLA AURICULATA.sccccccccce TOTAL. ceoccvcvecvesecvecccccecccece mW, — 333 HERMAN'S BAY AU 2 AU 3) Se 3 2 OD 30 26 206 Ua oo 11 4 20 2 1 1 1 2 #97 150 45 29 271 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 7 3 1 1 10 31 4 4 59 1 1 2 3 2 5 2 1 4 1 1 #14 22 3 21 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 68 17 127 39 29 136 - 10 22 76 176 284 209 176 564 301 309 71 19 30 Onee 16 267 JENSEN BEACH 2 au 2 8 31 1 1 2 35 4 2 8 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 13 1 2 2 2 1 2 15 2 9 7 2 2 46 122 3 18 3' 4 4! Ol 8) So 1 3 1 1 3. 49 49 1 1 mh at he) 1 2 6 6 1 7 3 1 1 Oma, 1 he 0) AE) 3 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 5 9 2 1 6 2 1 45 170 192 20 5! 34 43 ST. LUCIE TRANSECT ST. LUCIE INLET SPECIES 1 NY: G0. s) cyt Gu eB Sil 1 2 3 4 P ALLOGROMIA vc ccccccrececcceccvces AMMONIA BECCARI IT, cee cccceccecces 395 499 18 10 141 11 246 139 7 4 24 143 78 54 AMMCBACULITES EXIGUUS, ccccccccecce 1 AMMOBACULITES EXILIS, .ecccccccccce 2 1 AMMOBACULITES CF. A, EXILIS.ccecee ARTICULINA CF. A, PACIFICA. cceccce BILOCULINELLA GLOBULA.cccccccccece BOLIVINA CF. Be COMPACTAceccccccce BOLIVINA PAULAsccccccccccecccsecece 1 1 1 11 bs) 1 3 BOLIVINA STRIATULA,..cccccccceccce 50 63 4 2 92 107 1 120 1 a 2's! BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA, cecccccccvece 1 1 1 3 3 5 2 BOLIVINA SPe Ascescccccecccecscces BOLIVINA SP. Becsevecccceccecccoce 1 BULIMINA ACCULEATA..ccccccccccccce 2 1 BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA.coccccce 37 46 108 54 3 51 109 118 CASSIDULINA BARBARA. .sccaccccvccce 1 CIBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA.ceccee 3 CLIBICIDES SPrceceeecccccccsecesecee CYCLOGYRA PLANORBIS, .eenccccccccce 1 1 4 8 6 16 CYMBALOPORETTA ATLANTICA.cccccvcce CYMBALOPORKETTA SP. Agcoancccccccece EDENTUSTOMINA CULTRATAscccccccccce 1 EDENTOSTOMINA CF. E. CULTRATAcceee ELPHIDIUM ADVENUMeccacccccceccccce 6 2 2 2 ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM,.ccccevcccccce 2 1 1 5 1 1 49 20 1 ELPHIDIIUM GALVESTONENSE .cccccccce ELPHIDIUM GUNTERT eeecccccvccccvccce 1 1 EUPHIDIUM KUGLERI ecccccecccccvccce 1 2 3 2 10 ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUMe ccccccccsvccce 74 $3 9 15) 11 2 12, #10 25 16 ELPHIDIUM CF, Exo MEXICANUM.cocccce ELPHIDIUM NORVANGI.ccecsccee ece 1 2 ELPHIDIUM SP, Aescsccvececee eve EPONIDES REPANDUS..ccscececcccccce 1 2 2 1 FISSURINA LUCIDA.. eecccccccccce 4 TISSURINA SP. Aseevecsccccccccccccs e PURSENKOINA FUSIFORMIS. cccccccccce 1 FURSENKOINA MEXICANA, cecccccccccee FURSENKOINA PONTONI ..eccccccccccce 1 1 GAUDRYINA EXILIScccccccccsccccccce 10 3 1 Le oii, 7 1 1 GLABRATELLA SPecceoccccvccccccccoce GLABRATELLINA SAGRAL.ccccccccscccs 1 2 1 1 HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA,ccccccccccce 1 1 1 2 HAYNESINA GERMANICA,..cccccevcccce 3 1 1 1 HOPKINSINA PACIFICA, .eccccccccccos 1 HOPKINSINA CF. H, PACIFICAcccccoce ISHAMELLA APERTURA.cccccccccccccce i LAGENA CF. Le. DOVEYENSISecccovcccce 1 MASSILINA SPeo Asccccccccvccceccecs MILIOLINELLA SUBROTUNDA.cccccccccce MILIOLINELLA CF. M, SUBROTUNDAscee 2? MILIOLINELLA SP. Avccccccascccce 1 MYCHOSTOMINA REVERTENSccccccccccce 1 NONION BOUEANUMecccccccccccccccccce NON TON SPieicicieje cic vlc ccicleicicicicie NONIONELLA ATLANTICA. .ccccce NONIONELLA AURICULA..cccccccccvcce 37 46 8 23 3 4 7 3 NONIONELLA CF. Ne AURICULAccceecee NONIONELLA OPIMA. .cocccccccccccccs PAETEORIS DILITATA, .secccececsvccce 3 2 PAVONINA SPocecccccccccccvccccce PENEROPLIS PERTUSUS..ccccsrcccccce 2 3 1 1 PLANORBULINA MEDITERRANENSISccccecs 1 QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS.ccoccee 1 1 QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q. AKNERIANAc. 1 4 4 QUINGUELOCULINA CF, Q, BIDENTATA.. QUINQUELOCULINA CARINATASSTRIATA.. 1 QUINQUELOCULINA GOEST.cocccccocces QUINQUELOCULINA GUALTIERIANAccoece QUINGQUELOCULINA IMPRESSAccoccevcce 28 #11 1 1 4 2 QUINQUELOCULINA POEYANAccocccccvcce 1 5 2 GUINGUELOCULINA SEMINULAccccccccce 90 192 2 6 1 70 20 4 2 QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q. STRIATAceee QUINGUELOCULINA TENAGOS.ceocccccece QUINQUELOCULINA SP, Avcccccccecccce REOPHAX NANA coeeccccccccsvceccccce 7 ROSALINA BULBOSAsccoscccccccccccce 1 RUSALINA CONCINNAccecccccccccccece ROSALINA FLORIDANAccccccecccceccce ROSALINA AFF. Ac FLORIDENSISeccoce ROSALINA GLOBULARIS. .ccccvccceccce 27 4 5 1 1 7 3 6 4 ROSALINA SUBARAUCANA, o00000 1 8 2 ROSALINA JUVENILES... coccccccvccee 1 2 SCUTULUORIS SP. Acssecscccccccvcece 1 2 1 SIGMAVIRGULINA TORTUOSAcccccccecccs 1 SORITES MARGINALIS..ccccccccccccee 2 3 SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSAccoccccccces STETSONIA MINUTA. .ceccccccccccccce 1 1 TRIFARINA OCCIDENTALIS. coccccccvccs 2 1 1 2 1 TRILOCULINA CF. Te. TRIGONULAsccece 1 TROCHAMINA CF. T,. ADVENAcccccccces 1 TROCHAMINA OCHRACEA cc eccecccceccce 1 8 7 TROCHAMINA SP Avcecssccccccccccces 2? TUBINELLA SPeo Ascesccecccccccece WEISWERELLA AURICULATA,ccccccccece 1 1 4 1 2 3 5 YePON i wn No TOTAL seccccecvccscccccccveccceccce 7eo7 944 46 27 27 23 645 379 39 26 94 322 338 240 Literature Cited Bandy, O.L. 1954. Distribution of Some Shallow-Water Foraminifera in the Gulf of Mexico. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 254-F:123-141. 1956. Ecology of Foraminifera in Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 274-G:179-204. Banner, F.T., and S.J. Culver 1978. Quaternary Haynesina N. Gen. and Paleogene Pro- telphidium Haynes: Their Morphology, Affinities and Distribution. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 8(3):177-207. Bock, W.D. 1971. A Handbook of the Benthonic Foraminifera of Florida Bay and Adjacent Waters. Jn W.D. Bock, G.W. Lynts, S. Smith, R. Wright, W.W. Hay, and J.I. 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Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 9(4):277-301. Todd, R., and P. Bronnimann 1957. Recent Foraminifera and Thecamoebina from the Eastern Gulf of Paria. Cushman Foundation for Fora- miniferal Research, Special Publication, 3:3—43. Todd, R., and D. Low 1961. Near Shore Foraminifera of Martha’s Vineyard Island, Massachusetts. Contributions from the Cush- man Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12(1):5-21. 1967. Recent Foraminifera from the Gulf of Alaska and Southeastern Alaska. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 573-A: 1-46. 1971. Foraminifera from the Bahama Bank west of An- dros Island. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 683-C: 1-22. Weisner, H. 1923. Die Milwolideen der ostlichen Adria. 113 pages. Prague. Wilcox, J.R., and R.G. Gilmore 1977. Some Hydrological Data from the Indian River between Sebastian and St. Lucie Inlets, Florida, January 1972-February 1975. Harbor Branch Foun- dation Technical Report, 17: 104 pages. Wilcoxon, J.A. 1964. Distribution of Foraminifera off the Southern At- lantic Coast of the United States. Contributions from the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 15(1):1-24. Williamson, W.C. 1848. On the Recent British Species of the Genus Lagena. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 2, 1:1-20. On the Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain. 107 pages, 7 plates. London: Ray Society. Young, D.K., M.A. Buzas, and M.W. Young 1976. Species Densities of Macrobenthos Associated with Seagrass: A Field Experimental Study of Preda- tion. Journal of Marine Research, 34:577-592. Young, D.K., and M.W. Young 1977. Community Structure of the Macrobenthos Asso- 1858. ciated with Seagrass of the Indian River, Florida. In B. CG. Coull, editor, Ecology of Marine Benthos, 467 pages. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 1 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Reophax nana Rhumbler 1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310285, x 205. Ammobaculites exigiuus Cushman and Bronniman 2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310280, x 195. 3. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310280, x 350. Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and Bronniman 4. Side view, hypetype, USNM 310281, x 90. 5. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310281, x 190. Ammobaculites cf. exilis Cushman and Bronniman 6. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310282, x 60. 7. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310282, X 95. Trochamina cf. advena Cushman 8. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310286, X 475. 9. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310286, x 500. Trochamina ochracea (Williamson) 10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310287, x 540. 11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310287, x 540. Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman 12. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310283, x 155. 13. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310284, x 395. Cyclogyra planorbis (Schultze) 14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310247, x 220. Edentostomina cultrata (Brady) 15. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310248, X 80. 16. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310248, x 105. Wersnerella auriculata (Egger) 17. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310279, x 300. oO NUMBER 54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 2 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Spiroloculina depressa d’Orbigny 1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310276, x 60. 2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310276, X 95. Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny 3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310260, x 215. 4. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310260, X 380. 5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310261, x 215. 6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310261, 390. Quinqueloculina cf. aknervana d’Orbigny 7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310262, 105. 8. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310262, X 160. Quinqueloculina cf. bidentata d’Orbigny 9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310263, x 160. 10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310263, X 275. Quinqueloculina carinata-striata (Weisner) 11. Edge view, hypotype, USNM 310264, x 235. 12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310264, x 400. 13. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310264, x 240. Quinqueloculina goesi (Weisner) 14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310265, x 100. 15. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310265, x 185. 16. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310266, x 90. 17. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310266, X 160. © NUMBER SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 3 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Quinqueloculina gualtierrana d’Orbigny 1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310267, x 230. 2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310267, x 300. Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss 3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310268, x 210. 4. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310268, x 295. Quinqueloculina poeyana d’Orbigny 5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310269, X 325. 6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310269, x 550. Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné) 7. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310270, X 170. 8. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310270, x 300. Quinqueloculina cf. strata d’Orbigny 9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310271, X 145. 10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310271, X 270. Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker 11. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310272, X 165. 12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310272, x 280. Quinqueloculina species 13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310273, X 120. 14. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310273, X 170. ?Massilina species 15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310249, x 80. 16. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310249, x 100. ' : ' NUMBER 58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 4 (Micrographs reduce to 52.5%) Paeteoris dilitata (d’Orbigny) 1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310258, X 310. 2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310258, x 320. Trioculina cf. trgonula (Lamarck) 3. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310277, X 160. 4. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310277, X 220. Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu) 5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310250, X 200. 6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310250, X 210. Miliolinella cf. subrotunda (Montagu) 7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310256, X 250. 8. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310256, X 260. ?Milrolinella species 9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310257, X 250. 10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310257, X 185. Biloculinella globula (Bornemann) 11. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310246, x 175. 12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310246, x 200. Scutulorts species 13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310274, * 205. 14. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310274, X 260. ?Tubinella species 15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310278, X 280. Articulina cf. pacifica Cushman 16. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310245, x 120. Ke) NUMBER SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES | PLATE 5 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal) 1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310259, X 220. Lagena cf. doveyensis Haynes 2. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310182, x 230. Fissurina lucida (Williamson) 3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310183, X 565. Fissurina species 4. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310184, x 390. Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny) 5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310214, x 260. Bolwina cf. compacta Sidebottom 6. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310192, x 215. Bolwina paula Cushman and Cahill 7. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310193, x 250. Bolivina striatula Cushman 8. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310194, x 110. Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden 9. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310195, x 330. Boliwina sp. A 10. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310196, X 180. Bolwina sp. B 11. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310197, X 170. Bulimina acculeata d’Orbigny 12. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310209, x 425. ?Pavonina species 13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310233, X 210. Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman 14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310190, x 275. Hopkinsina cf. pacifica Cushman 15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310191, X 245. Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman) 16. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310210, x 195. Rosalina bulbosa (Parker) 17. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 301234, X 520. 18. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 301234, x 490. 19. Side view, attached to Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, USNM 310235, X 550. © NUMBER 62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 6 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Rosalina concinna (Brady) 1. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310237, x 290. 2. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310237, X 290. Rosalina aff. floridensis (Cushman) 3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310239, X 225. 4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310239, x 225. Rosalina floridana (Cushman) 5. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310238, x 230. 6. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310238, X 250. Rosalina globulans d’Orbigny 7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310240, x 285. 8. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310240, x 255. Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman) 9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310243, X 355. 10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310243, X 375. 11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310242, x 195. 12. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310242, x 175. NUMBER 16 64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 7 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Stetsonia minuta Parker 1. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310244, x 450. 2. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310244, x 450. Glabratella species 3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310220, x 440. 4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310220, x 455. Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman) 5. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310221, x 360. 6. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310221, X 375. Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler) 7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310223, x 165. 8. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310223, x 165. Ammonia beccari (Linné) 9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310213, x 200. 10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310213, X 205. NUMBER 16 66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 8 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Elphidium advenum (Cushman) 1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310198, X 255. Elphidium excavatum (Terquem) 2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310202, x 215. Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld) 3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310200, X 105. Elphidium gunterr Cole 4. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310203, x 205. Elphidium kugler: (Cushman and Bronniman) 5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310205, x 130. Elphidium mexicanum Kornfeld 6. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310288, x 240. Elphidium cf. mexicanum Kornfeld 7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310207, X 180. Elphidium norvang: Buzas, Smith, and Beem 8. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310206, x 485. Elphidium species 9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310208, x 135. Haynesina germanca (Ehrenberg) 10. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310211, x 225. o NUMBER 68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 9 (Micrographs reduced to 52.5%) Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll) 1. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310219, x 140. 2. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310219, x 130. Cibicides aff. floridana (Cushman) 3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 3102215, X 170. 4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310215, X 180. Cibicides species 5. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310216, X 420. 6. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310216, x 440. Planorbulina mediterranensis d’Orbigny 7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310189, x 195. Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman) 8. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310217, x 240. 9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310217, x 250. Cymbaloporetta species 10. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310218, X 395. 11. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310218, x 410. Te) NUMBER 70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 10 (Micrographs reduced to 53%) Fursenkoina fusiforms (Williamson) 1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310185, x 240. Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman) 2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310186, X | Fursenkoina pontont (Cushman) 3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310187, x 150. Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady) 4. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310188, * 350. Cassidulina barbara Buzas 5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310212, x 390. Nonion boueanum (d’Orbigny) 6. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310224, x 90. 7. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310244, x 90. Nonion species 8. Peripheral view, figured specimen, USNM 310225, x 100. 9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310225, x 100. Nononella atlantica Cushman 10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310227, X 130. 11. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310227, x 130. 12. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310227, X 130. i) en ol Ke) NUMBER SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES PLATE 11 (Micrographs reduced to 53%) Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland 1. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310228, x 250. 2. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310228, * 250. 3. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310228, * 250. Nonionella cf. auricula Heron-Allen and Earland 4. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310230, X 210. 5. Peripheral view, figured specimen, USNM 310230, X 210. 6. Involute side, figured specimen, USNM 310230, x 210. Nonionella opima Cushman 7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310232, x 190. - 8. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310232, x 200. 9. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310232, x 195. Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman) 10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310222, x 165. 11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310222, x 165. lnm) ) ™~ 16 NUMBER x ¢ r . eh Sao : x F te, IS EOL Yelle te BOS Weg REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES PUBLICATION Manuscripts intended for series publication receive substantive review within their originating Smithsonian museums or offices and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press with approval of the appropriate museum authority on Form SI—36. Requests for special treatment—use of color, foldouts, casebound covers, etc.—require, on the same form, the added approval of designated committees or museum directors. 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