Cover: Alexander Twilight '23 Frost Centenniai at Middlebury By Larry Chase 4 The Iron-Willed Black Schoolmaster and His Granite Academy By the Editor 6 The First 115 Years By Stephen A. Freeman 27 Pee Wee Hockey Moves Outdoors By Larry Chase 36 Winter Sports Roundup By Max Petersen 37 Around the Hill Alumni News DEPARTMENTS 1 Letters 15-26 35 Copyright, Middlebury College 1974 cri dits: Jean Pierre LeFloch—p. 2, top David Rhinelander—p. 5, rt. Gregor Hileman —p. 2, hot . pp. 7-14, 28, 29, 36. Sandy Gordon 75—pp. 37, 39 left. Max Petersen— pp. 38. 39 rt.. 40. Middlebury J Vol. 48, No. 3 Spring 1974 editor: Gregor Hileman. editorial advisory board: Jack Bates ’42, Ray Bosworth ’29, Walter Brooker ’37, Marilyn Bmhn ’47, Paul Cubeta, George Huban, David Littlefield, Howard Munford ’34, Dennis O’Brien, Gordon Perine ’49, Kimberly Sparks, A. Richard Turner. The Middlebury College News Letter is published quarterly in Autumn, Winter, Spring, and Summer by Middlebury College. Editorial office is room 42, Old Chapel, Middlebury-, Vermont 05753. Second-class postage paid at Middlebury, Vt. The Middlebury College News Letter is mailed without charge to all alumni. A parents edition, with¬ out alumni newt, if mailed without charge to all parents of students and recent graduates. Every alum¬ nus is asked to inform the Alumni Office of his change of address and of any news concerning himself or another alumnus. Around the Hill A recently completed A-frame residence similar to the “dormettes" to be erected on north edge of campus this summer. New A-frames for 44 This spring the College began con¬ struction of two small residence halls, each to house 22 students. The little dorms are sited on the wooded ridge north of the student societies (Free¬ man, Cook, and Hamlin Halls), facing east, more or less, across the little valley through which runs the access road to the student societies complex. The two units, which are budgeted at $250,000, are designed by Dan Tully & Associates of Boston, the architects of Middlebury’s new athletic facility, Fletcher Field. “The College has 1658 beds in dor¬ mitories and peripheral housing,” says Dean Wonnacott. “Fraternities can house about 90 students. In order to even out at 1800 students for the year, the College needs an opening figure of about 1840 students. Ever since the enrollment was set at 1800 we have been short about 40 beds. The new facilities will provide 44 beds, bringing available housing to 1792. This enables about 50 students to live off campus, which is about as many as the College considers desirable. This current year there are 98 students liv¬ ing off campus and almost every study lounge in the College has been pressed into service as a student room; neither situation is desirable.” Energy crisis news Confronted with that same fuel shortage that affects us all, students, faculty, and staff of the College have earned a large tartan pennant this winter by achieving substantial re¬ ductions in both heat and light. Business manager Jim Ross ’51 re¬ ported in March that after adjustment for the difference in degree days for this year versus last, fuel consumption was down 15% in December, 14.2% in January, and 10.8% in February over the same months last winter. The January and February savings were accomplished despite the addition of the new Fletcher Field House to the heating load. Electricity usage for mid-December through mid-January was down 8.4% and for the next 30-day period was down 19.8%. Peak-period usage in the two periods was down 5.4% and 13.1%, respectively. With the Ides of March approach¬ ing, the College still had about 37% of its winter purchase of 30 carloads of coal. Fraternities update As we go to press (mid-March), the fact-finding committee on fraternities at Middlebury is still working up its report, which is scheduled to be out by March 30th. In order to assist the committee in its work, the Adminis¬ tration has drafted a more concrete proposal which attempts to specify conditions which it feels necessary to change, in the relation of fratrenities and the College. In particular, the pro¬ posal spells out more precisely what might constitute “ownership” and “control,” as they are spoken of in the Trustees’ general resolution of last May. The aim of the proposal, accord¬ ing to Dean Dennis O’Brien, is to bal¬ ance the College’s legitimate interests in control, and the fraternities’ con¬ cerns about autonomy. In our summer issue we will report the committee’s findings and any other developments. Promoting Yen for Middlebury Following a proposal for support of the College’s Japanese language pro¬ gram submitted in November to the Japan Foundation, Pres. Armstrong flew to Japan in January to promote Middlebury’s continuing educational development. Accompanied by Mrs. Armstrong and by the director of the 1974 Japanese Summer School, Prof. Hiroshi Mivaji, Dr. Armstrong repre¬ sented Middlebury’s Japanese language program and aspirations to the presi¬ dent and managing director of the Japan Foundation in Tokyo. With Prof. Miyaji, he also traveled to Osaka to make a similar presentation to the officers of the Matsushita Foundation. They presented Middlebury’s Japa¬ nese program, also, to the Mitsubishi, SPRING 1974 1 At Tokyo dinner with alumni were, at left, Jim Nelson ’75, Jean Pierre LeFloch, Philip Wheeler, father of Phil ’75, Howard ’60, Mrs. Armstrong, Dr. Armstrong, John Howard ’60, Hiroshi Miyaji (Director, 197h Japanese School at Middlebury), Nancy Wade, Towar Wade ’52. Seated: Kumiko Mori Kawabuchi ’69, Mrs. Wheeler, Lisa Gregory ’67, and Nancy Smollcr LeFloch ’59. Also, Koichi Ishiyama ’69, seen above, with Nancy LeFloch ’59, Dr. Armstrong, and Lisa Gregory ’67. Sumitomo, and Kashimi corporations. During his four days in Nippon, Dr. Armstrong talked with directors of three other Japanese-American study programs—the University Center of Japanese Studies in Tokyo, the Kyoto Associates program affiliated with Doshisha University, and the Great Lakes College Association, which of¬ fers a Japanese studies program affili¬ ated with Yasida University. He sounded out administrators in Kyoto and Doshisha Universities on a possible association if Middlebury were to establish an Asian School in Japan, similar to her four language schools abroad in Madrid, Paris, Mainz, and Florence. This visit, the first of a Middlebury College president to Japan, enabled Dr. Armstrong to meet Middlebury’s alumni in Tokyo. John and Maggie Howard ’60 hosted a dinner in their Tokyo home for the President and their fellow alumni on January 7th. Joining in the conviviality were, in class order, Towar Wade ’52, Nancy Smoller LeFloch ’59, hosts John ’60 and Margaret von Wodtke Howard ’60, Lisa Gregory ’67, Kumiko Mori Kawabuchi ’69, Koichi Ishiyama ’69, Jim Nelson ’75, and Mr. & Mrs. Philip Wheeler, the parents of Phil Wheeler ’75; also, Nancy LeFloch’s husband, Jean Pierre, and Towar Wade’s sister, Nancy. On their return flight, Dr. and Mrs. Armstrong stopped off in Hawaii for a four-day weekend and met Middle¬ bury alumni at a Friday night dinner in Honolulu. Vice-President Walter Brooker ’37, Mrs. Brooker ’40, and the new assistant director of alumni relations, Bobbie Weeks, were also present for this occasion. The Armstrongs were back in Ver¬ mont on the 15th after a happy and productive 12 days abroad. Classes of ’59, ’64, ’69 Please Note Reunions for the classes of 1959, 1964 and 1969 will he held the weekend of September 27-29. This is the weekend of the first home football game of the 1974 season and our opponent will be Wes¬ leyan. The other reunion classes—1914, 1919, 1924, 1929, 1934, 1939, 1944, 1949 and 1954 will reune May 24-26, 1974 and the reunion dinners will be held on Sat¬ urday evening. May 25th. Homecoming Weekend will be October 4-6 and the homecoming football game is with W.P.I. Parent’s Weekend will be October 25-27, when the football game will be with Trinity College. by Will to the College on the Hill From a trust under the will of the late Cyril H. Jones $15,000 as an addition to the Frederica V. Jones Scholarship Fund. From the estate of Alice R. Peaslee $2,000. $1,000 to establish the Alice R. Peaslee ’13 Memorial and $1,000 to establish the Grace Peaslee Boynton ’15 Memorial in the Alumni Endowment. From the estate of Colonel Joseph A. Wilson ’16, USAF (Ret.), $5,000 to establish the Joseph A. Wilson ’16 Fund in the permanent endowment of Middlebury College. Annual income unrestricted. 9 MIDDLEBURY Frost Centennial at Middlebury By Larry Chase “One of the last times I saw Robert Frost,” Howard Munford was telling an attentive, overflow gathering in Dana Auditorium, “was in the living room of Beth and Paul Cubeta. He was slouched at his ease in a comfortable chair, and I remember him saying: ‘I feel at home in Middlebury, I have so many friends in and around town, and I am a registered voter here.’ ” The occasion for the gathering, on March 26, was the 100th anniversary of Robert Frost’s birth. Marked na¬ tionally by the issue of a postage stamp honoring the poet, the centennial was being observed locally by an afternoon “Homage to Robert Frost,” a series of read¬ ings, reminiscences and commentary given by members of Middlebury’s Department of American Literature. Though Frost never attended or taught at Middle¬ bury, he received an honorary degree in 1924, and his informal association with the Bread Loaf School of English and the Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, both College summer programs, lasted from the 1920s until the poet’s death in 1963. Today the Frost cabin in Rip- ton, where the poet summered for many years, is a National Historic Site owned by the College and main¬ tained in the condition Frost left it in after his last summer there. Middlebury also maintains a Robert Frost Room of manuscripts and memorabilia in Starr Library. Of the six participants in Middlebury’s afternoon “homage,” three knew the man as well as his poetry: Reginald L. “Doc” Cook ’24, the Charles A. Dana Pro¬ fessor Emeritus of American Literature, and director of the School of English from 1946 to 1964; Howard M. Munford ’34, chairman of the American Literature department and current holder of the Dana Professor¬ ship; and Horace P. Beck, professor of American liter¬ ature. The remaining three, younger, know the man only through his legacy of poetry: John J. Conron, an assistant professor who received his Ph.D. in 1970; and Middlebury seniors Stephen A. Collier and Sheila G. Bamford, neither of whom had reached their teens at the time of the poet’s death. Their different approaches toward Frost the man and Frost the poet gave the Middlebury audience an un¬ usual glimpse of the richness and complexity that scholars are finding in Frost’s seemingly simple lines, as well as of the warmth and subtlety of the man him¬ self. Robert Frost about to give one of his annual lectures in the Little Theater at Bread Loaf. “Doc” Cook, who knew Frost longest among the speakers, and who has published one Frost Book {The Dimensions of Robert Frost) and prepared another {Robert Frost: The Living Voice) to be published shortly, summarized Frost’s long, informal association with the College very simply: “We would have to be altogether obtuse not to realize how much, uncon¬ sciously, he altered our campus scene.” He went on to recall: “On the six occasions when Frost appeared formally at the College, he had large, enthusiastic audiences. But also on at least one occasion he talked two consecutive hours in the American lit¬ erature classes, and visited the Egbert Starr library, especially the Abernethy library of American litera¬ ture, where I once heard him unravel the intricate threads in the family story of Emily Dickinson’s re¬ lationship at Amherst. After the formal talks, he chatted for hours informally with the students and continued his spell-binding monologue elsewhere. Once I recall listening to him until 3:30 a.m. Believe it or not, he was, like Emerson’s poet, ‘tipsy on water.’ Great talk it was, the most intoxicating I have ever heard: full of ideas, sprinkled with stories and quoted SPRING 1974 3 At Bread Loaf campus in the prime of life. poetry, allusive and witty. One of the great things was the voice. Brushed by the presence of genius, we never mistook his easy cavalier manner and sotto voce state¬ ments for the rural airs of an unsophisticated country¬ man. If he talked about Horace as though Frost had just strolled down the road from the Sabine farm, his off-hand quoting of Latin belied any rusticity. And invariably, a strain of levity in his seriousness and hard-core gravity in his sly and roguish play made us realize how complex he was.” After summing up Frost’s historical place in litera¬ ture—“It will be in the thoughts of the heart that the vigorous claim of his poetry will linger for the on¬ coming generations”—Cook closed his talk, “A Middle- bury Attachment,” with an anecdote: “Once, on a late, cool, September night at the Homer Noble farm [on which the Frost cabin is located], when Frost was 83, we stood under the stars, the dew thick on the grass, gazing raptly at a brilliant display of northern lights, ‘Hold out your hand,’ Frost urged, ‘and you’ll see it in the light.’ So we stood there, facing north with our hands extended, and they appeared palely in the marvellous illumination. ‘There’s the Heimdal Bridge, see?’ he said, where a band of light soared above the horizon. ‘That’s where the gods went.’ We stood together for some minutes and, as we looked skyward, one by one he pointed out the constellations, and then named the separate stars. While Frost had seen the northern lights in the perspective of Norse mythology, I was seeing them in the perspective of Frost. Although neither of us heard the sound of Heim- dal’s war-horn nor witnessed the trembling rainbow of Bifrost’s bridge, this moment brought the poet, the place and the time together in a rare attachment.” Next to speak was Horace Beck, a scholar of Amer¬ ican folklore and author of the just-published 463-page volume Folklore and the Sea. A droll, gaunt, Ripton hill farmer (he raises sheep) when he is not attending to scholarly duties, Beck characterized Frost as “above all else a student of New England folklore and folk- life,” dealing with “the subsistence hill farmers of Northern Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Ver¬ mont. . . Buttressing his assertions with references to specific poems, Beck listed such familiar folk sub¬ jects in Frost’s poetry as “mending walls . . . planting, mowing, picking flowers, chasing cows and horses, gathering apples, treading leaves in the fall, cutting wood in the winter, splitting it in late winter and drawing sap just before the winter has all gone.” He also called attention to Frost’s portrayals of folk atti¬ tudes and biases: the attribution of human qualities to natural and man-made objects, distrust of outsiders, superstition, the necessary wedding of vocation and avocation, pride of work, love of place, use of back- country language. Beck’s conclusion: “Poets do many things. Some invent new and in¬ scrutable forms. Others pose riddles or set up vast philosophical programs for us to follow. Frost has a different role. He always reminded me of a host of old Sw r amp Yankees. But most of the hill people are inar¬ ticulate. Mr. Frost begins his poetry by being the articulate Yankee, the speaker for the folk. He was one of them—the last time I saw him he was drenching a horse. And he knew them.” Howard Munford began with a broad claim: “Robert Frost will continue to be a living presence in the minds and hearts of those who read his poetry with the atten¬ tion, discrimination and sensitivity it demands, and that will be for as long as poetry is ever read.” The paper he later read, “Frost as a Love Poet,” was in effect a brief in support of that claim. 4 MIDDLEBURY Recalling a remark that Frost had once made to him —“Most people just don’t know how to read me”— Munford focussed on a “constellation” of poems deal¬ ing, though not always obviously, with love and sex. That focus was to make a point: that “Robert Frost is the most famous but least known poet of our time”— least known in the sense that “the subsurface complex¬ ities and elusiveness” contain a richness and profun¬ dity requiring a high degree of reader sensitivity. Such poems as “Putting in the Seed,” “The Subverted Flower,” “West-running Brook,” “The Master Speed,” and “Maple,” Munford continued, all exemplify a sim¬ ilar Frost theme: “a man and a woman ... in a right relationship to the universe by virtue of being in a right relationship with one another in the creative union of male and female.” Among the younger voices, John Conron spoke about “Frost as a Meditative Poet.” Author of the just- published The American Landscape: Prose and Poetry , a study of the various uses of environment by Ameri¬ can writers, Conron made the claim that “Frost is both a poet of nature and a poet of the self.” “Frost’s po¬ etry,” he observed, “is a poetry of meditation in which nature becomes either the object of meditation or the place in which the meditation takes place.” Noting that Frost’s landscapes “are not scenery, nor are they pretty,” he quoted lines of poetry to show “something of how he creates by his meditations the interplay of natural process and human perception, of motion in space and sympathetic motion in mind and feeling.” Seniors Sheila Bamford and Stephen Collier, reading papers derived from their academic work, commented on individual poems. In discussing “Two Look at Two,” Miss Bamford synthesized the earlier commentary of Munford and Conron by concluding: “And so it is a harmony with man, a union and unity in love that is being recognized and blessed by nature in this poem. . . . It is in communion and coupling with each other that we find a communion in nature, in returning to the possibility of renewal in ourselves that we find our natural sources and beginnings. The poem ends on the word ‘love’ as it began, and finds in this, the constant circling of nature’s renewing cycle, a return to origins and that power which gives us birth.” Collier’s reading and analysis of “Birches” showed how Frost used a simple metaphor from nature—a boy swinging on a birch tree—to examine a part of the philosophy of William James, whom Frost often times called “the greatest teacher I ever had.” James, accord¬ ing to Collier, “insisted that thought is for the sake of action, and that the only way to measure the sig¬ nificance of any idea is to measure its impact on actual experience.” The boy’s swing, he contended, “bounded by an imaginative climb and an earthy landing, is the essence of a Jamesian approach to life. ... By sheer strength of human will, the birchswinger conquers heaven and then wrestles it right back down to earth where it can be of some use.” SPRING 1974 5 When unshakable Principal meets adverse Circumstance, bet on the Piincipa —if he’s a barrel-chested, rock-ribbed, hard-nosed Vermonter with a vision. The Iron-willed Black Schoolmaster and his Granite Academy By the Editor The first black citizen to earn a degree at an American college or university was a native Vermonter and he graduated in 1S2S from Middlebury College. He would also be the first negro member of the state's General Assembly and quite possibly of any state legislatun in America. But his great accomplishment was that of educator: hi sei ms to havi modi a strong cud abiding impression on an estimated 3 y 200 youngsters , some of whom, fanning out across the Northeast and into the just-opening lands of the Midwest , iconic! rise to positions of significant responsibility in their communities. i eat monument to his zeal for their instruction stands, today, on a remote hilltop in northeastern Vermont—a massive , four-story granite academy built in 1S31+-36 at his instigation and direction. When Alexander Lucius Twilight entered Middle¬ bury in 1821 with the advanced standing of Junior, he had just turned 26. The College, itself, had just turned 21; it consisted of President Joshua Bates, four professors, three tutors, and 80 students. Painter Hall, then known as the “West College” had been open for four years but the “East College” down the hill— a three-story frame building shared with the Addison County Grammar School—was still in use. James Monroe was completing his first term as President; the Erie Canal was one-third built; and Bonaparte had just died of arsenic poisoning on St. Helena. Alexander was the third of six children born to Icha- bod and Mary Twilight. The couple had moved from Plattsburgh, N.Y. in the spring of 1792 to Bradford, Vermont (in the Connecticut River Valley 30 miles north of White River Junction) and then, sometime within the next three years, to Corinth, 8 or 10 miles west of Bradford. At some time in his youth, Alex¬ ander was indentured to a neighboring farmer, but by diligent saving was able at age 20 to purchase his remaining year and to enroll at Randolph Academy, some 20 miles over the hills to the southwest. Although entirely self-supporting, he was able to complete in the next six years, 1815-21, both the secondary-school courses and the first two years of college-level curriculum. In August of 1821, he enrolled at Middlebury. When he graduated in August of 1823, no other negro American had ever earned a baccalaureate from a college or university. 1 Among Alexander’s 17 classmates in 1823, nine would be ordained, six become lawyers, one a teacher, and two make fortunes in business (one, Joseph Bat- 1 Three years later Amherst graduated Ernest Jones, the son of a hotel keeper and caterer in Charleston, S.C., and Bowdoin, whose commencement was three weeks after Amherst’s, graduated John Russworm, a Jamaican who had prepared for college in New York City. Oberlin College, which probably contributed more to the education of blacks before 18G5 than any other college in America, granted its first AB to a negro in 1844. An Oberlin freshman, Richard Greener, transferred to Harvard in 1865 and became the first black Harvard College graduate in 1870— although three others had taken degrees in 1869 from Harvard s graduate schools of Law, Medicine, and Dentistry, respectively. Meanwhile, Martin Henry Freeman, from Rutland, had graduated from Middlebury in 1849. Middlebury’s third black student in the 19th century was Mary Annette Anderson *99, from Shoreham, Vt. 6 middlebury tell, would give Battell Chapel to Yale). 2 Twilight’s first job was teaching school in an Adi- rondacks frontier community, Peru, N.Y., where he met, and in 1826 married, Mercy Ladd Merrill who was nine or ten years his junior. Her double surname suggests that she may have been a young widow. She was probably the younger sister of Daniel Ladd ’32; at least, they were born a year apart in the tiny village of Unity, N.H. Meanwhile, Twilight had been studying theology and in 1827 was licensed to preach by the Champlain Presbytery in Plattsburgh. After four years in Peru, Twilight moved back across the lake to teach in Ver- gennes. On weekends he walked out to preach on alter¬ nate Sundays in the neighboring towns of Waltham and Ferrisburg. After a year in Vergennes, Twilight, at age 34, was invited to take over from Isaac Parker ’15 the preceptorship of the Orleans County Grammar School at Brownington, Vt. When he arrived in Brownington in August, 1829, 2. Not to be confused with his nephew, Joseph Battell '60, whose benefactions were to Middlebury. “Athenian Hall ”, built by Twilight in 1831^-36 on hill in Brownington , Vt., is now open in summer as a museum of the Orlean County Historical Society. Twilight found near the top of a great broad hill a two-story frame schoolhouse. The grammar school was only five years old and was supported by state land rents collected within the county. It drew chil¬ dren from all of Orleans County’s newly settled towns, and these pupils were housed and boarded in the neigh¬ boring homes in the village. Like much of the county, Brownington had been settled by Revolutionary War veterans who had been given land by the state for their war service. Organized in 1799, it was in 1829 a thriving hilltop village of 400 inhabitants astride the principal stage route between Montreal and Boston, via Stanstead, the Connecticut River Valley, and Con¬ cord, N.H. Twilight moved into a small three-room house, a few hundred yards east of the school, and proceeded at once to build a larger home in front of it. In these years, 1829-34, Twilight was not only principal of the grammar school but also minister of the village church, whose members worshipped in the assembly room on the second floor of the school. But enrollment was growing so fast that it was tax- SPRING 1974 7 1 . I Mercy Ladd Merrill Twilight First grammar school stood opposite the Samuel Hall house, seen here f rom church yard. Mercy Ladd Merrill, probably a widoived sister of Daniel Ladd '32, was married to Twilight in 1826, shared in his labors at Brownington and outlived him by 21 years. Daniel Ladd was missioyiary in Turkey 1836-67, married sister of Harvey Kitchell '35, President of College 1866-73. ing both classroom space and available accommoda¬ tions in town. Twilight pressed his board of trustees for a larger building but couldn’t gain the support of a majority. Finally in 1834 he, himself, laid out a foundation plan on land across the road from his house —for a building 36 x 66 feet. Resigning his pastorate, he proceeded to build, in the next two years, what must have seemed in its day a gargantuan granite academy. It contained in three floors a kitchen, dining room, music parlor, 14 student rooms, and 6 recitation rooms, and on the fourth floor two classrooms, one a 20 x 40-foot assembly room large enough, probably, to accommodate the entire student body. That this per¬ haps largest, and certainly stoutest, academy building in all Vermont should have been erected way up in the northernmost reach of the state, without financial backing from the county or even much support from within the village itself—testified to the raw power, physical and spiritual, of the man. No correspondence, plans, or other contemporary documents concerning the construction have been lo¬ cated. It is not known how the building was funded. Our best source 3 writes that “on his own resources he 8 M IDDLEBURY Twilight was headmaster of original Orleans County Grammar School, above, from 1829 until sometime after 1886 ivhen classes were moved into “Athenian Hall”. Sunday services were held upstairs for first 17 years until church (right) was built next door in 181+1. Frame school building ivas built in 1823-21+ as gift of local farmer and lawyer who had emigrated from Norwich , Conn. set to work and built the granite house” . . . whatever exactly that means (italics added). Others say that Cyrus Eaton, who had just built on land adjacent, loaned Twilight substantial funds to finance construc¬ tion. 3 4 The large granite stones were split from huge boulders deposited in adjacent fields by glacial action; the granite comes from the Laurentian Range in Que¬ bec. Some say the boulders were split by drilling rows of holes, 2V 2 inches deep, with a hammer and star drill, driving dry wooden pegs into them and soaking the pegs with water. 5 The slabs were dressed to size with hammer and chisel. The stones average 12 inches high but vary in length from 2 to 6 feet (some lintels are 8 feet or more). The granite wall was 9 to 10 inches thick; its inner face was blocked in with brick and furred out with lath and plaster giving a total wall thickness of 18 to 20 inches. According to hearsay, an 3. Rev. Clark Ferrin (UVM ’45), pastor in the neighboring town of Barton, 1850-54, writing in 1868. Ferrin could have known Twilight in 1852-54. 4. Communication from Mrs. Daniel Herrick, owner of the Hall house, who has extensively researched the local history. 5. Others say the slabs were split oil by hammering iron wedges inserted in the holes. ox turning a bullwheel lifted the great stones onto a temporary platform erected on the inside of the walls —to take advantage of the transverse floor beams as the building rose. The side walls are about 24 feet high and the gable ends 41 feet. A 6-foot iron pry bar and the ox yoke allegedly used during construction are ex¬ hibited in the building, today. The structure offered, of course, neither central heating nor indoor plumbing. A large stone-walled cis¬ tern at the back of the building collected rainwater from the roof and supplied water to the kitchen through a pipe laid beneath the kitchen floor. Out¬ houses were in a large barn, since removed, that stood at right angles to the building off its southeast corner. Besides the great kitchen fireplace, there were small brazier “fireplaces” in each of the public rooms on the lower two floors, to which live coals from the kitchen were carried in small iron pots, daily. Brick flues from these tiny fireplaces conducted the fumes to small chimneys projecting through the roof in a row along each side of the building. There were big iron stoves in the 3rd-floor hall and in each of the two large class¬ rooms on the 4th floor. SPRING 1974 9 Left , in east wall low white door led from pantry onto covered porch along front of a barn t since removed. Above , view west from in front of Twilight's home shows academy on left and church at end of road. es: •ill Si “S Opposite: lower left , vital center of boarding house ivas this large fireplace where meals were cooked and bread baked for entire school; from here live coals to ere carried in iron pots to tiny brazier alcoves , such as this one (lower right) in dining room. Four of original desks in J+th-floor assembly hall show simple design using 2 planks. Twilight’s pulpit Bible is here tobacco-stained by an untimely pastoral sneeze. First Brownington home of Alex and Mercy Twilight was small house at right , above , until schoolmaster could build larger house in front , with imposing Doric pilasters framing front doo) %, 8 fan light and side lights. Soon after house ivas completed , Twilight began the granite boarding house across the road. When this great “Stone Boarding House” with its 65 windows was finally completed in 1836, its builder with pardonable pride dubbed it “Athenian Hall.” Built originally as a dormitory and boarding hall, it came eventually to house the entire grammar school, class¬ rooms and all. (The original school building was moved in 1869 some 300 yards down the hill where it has since served as the community’s Grange Hall.) But hardly was the last stone in place when Twilight was sent by the town as their representative to the State Legislature in Montpelier. His purpose was to personally persuade his fellow legislators that the land rents then supporting the Orleans County Grammar School should not be divided between that school and Craftsbury, whose citizens wanted to build their own. Twilight’s position was that one good school was a lot better than two so-so schools; and that if the County’s meager resources for education were split two ways, they could soon be split three, four, or ten ways and thus be spread too thinly to do anybody any good. (This was, indeed, what happened in the next 20 years, Ferrin reports: the County was to be dotted with local schoolhouses meagerly equipped, in which teaching was of indifferent, and widely varying, quality. Be¬ cause in those days “normal schools” for teacher train¬ ing were almost nonexistent, 0 nearly all schools were manned by amateurs. Good direction by an educated and older headmaster, and the advice and example of fellow teachers, were the only “teacher training” avail¬ able—and this could occur in the larger, all-County schools, only.) What short-term success Twilight had as a legis¬ lator is not known, but in any case he did serve in the State Legislature during its meeting of 1836-37. (The Speaker of the House was Carlos Coolidge ’ll, of Windsor, who would later be Governor.) Not for 112 years would another black man be elected to that body (when William Anderson, a Shoreham orchardist, and younger brother of Mary Annette Anderson ’99, was elected in 1948). For the next 23 years Athenian Hall was alive to the scuffling, shuffling, sniffling, coughing, whispering, tittering, laughing flock of youngsters who were tast¬ ing the excitements of their first away-from-home liberty. The school year was divided into four terms 6. The first in the nation was founded in 1823 at Concord Corners, Vermont (east of St. Johnsbury) by Rev. Samuel Read Hall who later would teach with Twilight at Brownington ( 1864-59?). Hall authored the first textbook on pedagogy published in America (Lectures on School-Keeping, 1829); he also nailed up broad, smooth-planed, pine boards on the classroom wall, painted them flat black, and proceeded to demonstrate the lesson, writ large in chalk for all to follow . . . the beginning of a pedagogical revolution—blackboard instruction. SPRING 1974 11 fflmp ms mmsmm. Leon Perry, custodian of Athenian Hall, holds iron pry bar and massive ox yoke used in construction in 1834-36. From right end of covered large stone cistern at rear of Stone Boarding House, ramp led to second floor of big bam that once stood in foreground. Large chimney from kitchen fireplace once rose above sunlit, eastern wall; also removed from above the loivcr eaves on each side was a row of smaller chimneys from th< braziei fireplaces. Twilight homt is seen in right background . Was Alexander Twilight, in The only photograph, a daguerro- type taken sometime between 1840 and 1855, presents a likeness without obvious negroid features, and early photographs are unreliable indicators of skin color. Moreover, none of the writings about Twilight mention anything about his race. What evi¬ dence is there that he was colored? There is hearsay evidence—in the College; in Corinth, Vt., his birth¬ place; and in the Brownington area— but more conclusively there is the Federal census of 1800 which listed his parents, his siblings, and himself as non-white, and non-Indian—leaving a strong presumption that they were black. First, the hearsay: when the Burlington Free Press, commenting on William Anderson’s election to the Legislature in 1948, stated that he was the first negro ever to serve, a lady in Newport (Orleans County), Vermont wrote in “Not so!”—Alex¬ ander Twilight of Brownington, she said, held that distinction. When inquiry was then made of the College, Dean E. J. Wiley replied that “Pro¬ fessor Duane Robinson . . . remembers distinctly having heard Dean Walter E. Howard, who was a mem¬ ber of the Class of 1871 at Middlebury and who had an extensive knowledge of Vermont history, say that Twi¬ light was a negro . . .” (letter in Alumni office files). Recent inquiries of residents in the Brownimrton area suggest that the prevalent local understanding is that Rev. Twilight was black. Finally, the history of Corinth, Vt. states that his parents, Ichabod and Mary Twilight, were “both colored.” The Federal census of 1800 (see portion reproduced at right) places Ichabod and the five members of his family in the category normally assigned free negroes in that census: “All other free persons, except In¬ dians not taxed.” Since photographs indicate that Alexander was not oriental, and the census declares he was neither “white” nor Indian, we must conclude that he was, indeed, one of the 557 black American citizens then resident in Vermont. of 12 weeks each. Tuition was $2 per term for “com¬ mon English’’; $3 per term for Latin, Greek, Italian, Spanish, or “higher English”; $3.50 for written and spoken French; and 50<* for vocal music. A course of lectures was also given in natural philosophy, chem¬ istry, geology, astronomy, botany, and agriculture. Students were required to study from 9:00 AM until 7:00 PM—presumably with time out for lunch. Each recitation period was ended by the ringing of a hand¬ bell in the hallway. On Sunday attendance at church was required and on Sunday evenings Mr. Twilight gave a course of instruction in the Bible. Among the Brownington Academy alumni prepared in this manner were James W. Strong, the first presi¬ dent of Carleton College (1870-1903) in Northfield, Minnesota; William B. Strong, president of the Atchi¬ son, Topeka & Santa Fe (1880-89) ; Henry Strong, mayor of Beloit, Wisconsin; Portius Baxter, UVM ’27, who was a member of Congress from Vermont throughout the Civil War; Tyler Stewart, a U.S. Consul to Spain; and Brig.-Gen. Stephen P. Jocelyn, who served in both the Civil and Spanish-American Wars. In 1847 Twilight, now 52, after 18 years of continu¬ ous duty retired the principalship of Brownington Academy for reasons unknown and moved into Quebec, where he taught for two years at Shipton (a name that seems to have disappeared from today’s maps) and for two more years at Hatley, a village a few miles north of the U.S. boundary. The Brownington school was kept going until the fall of 1851 by the Rev. William Scales ’32 (a classmate of Daniel Ladd). Then for three terms, the school was closed until, in the When the headmaster stepped out of his second-floor office , he proceeded by this stairway to front door or to dining room. All walls and ceilings were plastered but no floors or woodwork above first level were painted. Among memorabilia in Twilight's office , today , (below, right) is his elegant pony- skin-covered wooden trunk bearing his mitials in brass tacks. SECOND CENSUS OF THE UN ORANGK COUNTY -Contin Rogers, John Itoiui, Ephrom Hum, Horatio Taplin, Nathan Tuplm, William Tenny, Jonathan Tenny, Jonathan Jr Tinny,Joshua Thurston, John Tilletson, Widow Towle, Bracket Twilight, Ichabod Smith, Samuel Stratton, lti-nj Stratton, Sunn Swift, Joshua Terbut, Thillip Truadale, Aaro Truadale, Thor Tyler, Samuel Wasson, Caldwell Wassun, Thomas Well9, Jacob f SPRING 1974 13 summer of 1852, Twilight was induced to return, as headmaster and as minister. He held forth in the pul¬ pit for only one more year, then resigned. Perhaps the same faction in the community who may have precipitated his resignation from the school, six yeais ago, again forced his withdrawal from the pulpit. The record shows, at any rate, that he was not dismissed —the customary Congregational procedure—so there may have been a schism in the community. 7 He continued however to direct the grammar school for another two years until, in October of 1855, he suffered a stroke which left him paralyzed. He had given 21 years to the Brownington Academy whose great “Stone House” stood a monument to his indefatigable will and tireless exertions. He died at age 62, exhausted but fulfilled. After his death in June 1857, his body was buried at the front corner of the churchyard, in a spot nearest the church where he had preached, nearest the original grammar school he had led, and nearest the great granite academy he had built. The Academy limped along for two more years but closed forever in 1859 and its furnishings were sold at auction. Mercy Ladd Merrill Twilight lived on, alone, for another 21 years, and her remains were buried beside her husband’s. The writer found no record of any chil¬ dren born to the Twilights, although a writer in 1929 believed there had been two sons. 8 Thus lived and died America’s first black college graduate—who devoted his life to educating the chil¬ dren and grandchildren of the pioneers who had settled Vermont’s “Northeast Kingdom.” 7. The Congregational Churchca of Vermont and Their Ministry, 17G2-19\2, compiled by John M. Comstock. 8. Reference 6. Gravestones of Alexander and Mercy Twilight stand facing their greater and more enduring monument. Born in 1795 when Washington was President, when Jane Austen was 20, and both Napoleon and the future Duke of Wellington were 26, Twilight died while Dar¬ win was completing his Origin of Species and Wagner was writing Tristan and Isolde; at home the Dred Scott decision was agitating the North and Lincoln was preparing to debate the issues with Stephen Doug¬ las ( AM ’51); Woodrow Wilson and Louis Brandeis were each one year old. While the ripples of Twilight’s influence still widen unseen throughout the land, the visible sign of his indomitable spirit stands, as it may for centuries to come, on a windswept country hill in northern Vermont. References The problem in researching Alexander Twilight’s life is that there are no original documents and only one reasonably close secondary source (Ferrin). Most other accounts seem to be based on Ferrin—plus ran¬ dom bits of hearsay. 1. Essay on “Rev. Alexander Twilight” written in 1868 by Clark E. Ferrin; included in history of Browning- ton, Vermont, in Vermont Historical Gazeteer , Vol. Ill, pp. 101-104, compiled by Abby Hemenway. Pub¬ lished 1877. 2. History of Corinth, Vermont 1764-1964, by Corinth, Vt. History Committee chaired by Marguerite Jack- man, 1964. Lists birthdates of Ichabod and Mary Twilight’s 6 children. 3. Heads of Families at the Second Census of the U.S. Taken in the year 1800, Vermont. (Vermont His¬ torical Society, 1938) p. 88. 4. “To Build and to Preserve,” story of Brownington Academy, by Elbert C. Cole ’15; Middlebury College News Letter, Spring 1959. Has nine-item bibli¬ ography. 5. “The Old Stone House,” by Florence Waters, pp. 83-87 in The Vermonter , Vol. 34, No. 6 (June 1929). 6. “Pioneer,” brief essay on Twilight by William R. Cole ’22, Middlebury College News Letter, Spring 1936. 7. Contrary Country by Ralph Nading Hill (Stephen Greene Press, 1950) ; pp. 108-110. For their assistance during the preparation of this article, the writer thanks Edith Herrick of Brownington and Princeton for her considerable help with many his¬ torical questions; and Emory Hebard ’38 of Glover, Vt., Edward Alexander of Barton, Vt., president of the Orleans County Historical Society, and Leon Perry, custodian of the building, for assisting the writer’s examination of the Old Stone House. 14 MIDDLEBURY ALUMNI NEWS MILESTONES Marriages 1952 John J. Vlahos and Nartha Bybee *59 May 2, 1965 18 Arlington Ct., Kensington, Calif. 94707 1953 Richard L. Brown, Jr. ’53 and Jean Jones March 2, 1974 299 Mill Rd., Apt. 1504, Etobicoke, Ont. M9C 4V9, Canada 1960 Mr. Stevens, and Sandra Storm Laurin ’60 15 Winding Way, Short Hills, N. J. 07078 1963 William H. Slattery and Margaret Friederichs ’63 May, 1973 500 East 85th St., Apt. 16, New York, N. Y. 10028 Peter Buckley and Susan Washburn ’63 May 12, 1973 140 East 83rd St., New York, N. Y. 10028 1966 Edward Kubicka and Kristina Albright ’66 Nov. 3, 1973 Box 228, Lebanon, N. J. 08833 Thomas Armistead ’66 and Michele Rose Aug. 4, 1973 1021 Central Ave., Wilmette, Ill. 60091 Dr. Bruce C. MacKinnon ’66 and Kathleen Meyers Robinson ’66 Nov. 22, 1973 15 Gold St., Stonington, Conn. 06378 1967 Richard Bingham Taylor ’67 and Joyce A. Speer Dec. 7, 1973 30 Carlingford Rd., London NW 3, England 1968 Paul T. Du Vivier and Michele Mackellar ’68 Sept. 22, 1973 Box 335, Crosswicks, N. J. 08515 John J. Bennett and Cynthia Krieble ’68 Dec. 16, 1971 207 So. Ruby St., Ellensburg, Wash. 98926 1968, ’69 Robert Mygatt ’68 and Patricia Horton ’69 Dec. 8,1973 Box 1711, Boulder, Colo. 80302 1969 F. Winchester Chromec ’69 and Elizabeth Campbell ’69 July 11, 1970 RFD, Worcester, Vt. 05682 1970 John F. Teague and Christine Sanborn ’70 Dec. 8, 1973 580 Route 3-A, Concord, N. H. 03301 David W. Carpenter and Jane French ’70 Aug. 18, 1973 81 Park Dr., Apt. 6, Boston, Mass. 02215 1970, ’71 Robert Whittaker ’71 and Anne Hayes ’70 Dec. 29, 1973 1971 Dr. John C. Good and Mary Rogers ’71 Oct. 6, 1973 91 Three Mile Rd., Glastonbury, Conn. 06033 1972 Raymond Acey and Sheila Swain ’72 Dec. 29, 1973 171 Pleasant St., New Britain, Conn. 06051 Douglas N. Lamont ’72 and Evelyn Zmudsky ’72 Dec. 28, 1973 97 Manomet Ave., Hull, Mass. 02045 Charles Miller and Susan Clark ’72 Dec. 29, 1973 426 East 15th St., Apt. 24, Bloomington, Ind. 47401 Mark Ellenberger ’72 and Ruth C. Loew Aug. 26, 1973 1915 Maple Ave., Apt. 402, Evanston, Ill. 60201 Malcolm E. Hill and Betsy Beyer ’72 July, 1973 524 Oceanview Ave., Apt. A, Santa Cruz, Calif. 95060 1973 Milo W. Peck ’73 and Ellen L. Korpela ’73 Dec. 15, 1973 RFD 1, West Lebanon, N. H. 03784 Samuel V. Woo and Mayra Nicasio ’73 Aug. 4, 1973 162 East 184th St., Apt. 5-E, Bronx, N. Y. 10468 SPRING 1974 15 Births CLASS PARENTS 1959 Virginia Lyons Aliberti ’59 and Vincent Aliberti 1960 Priscilla and Russell Leng '60 Roberta Sperry Schweiger ’60 and Richard Schweiger 1962 Jane Volland Schoultz ’62 and Lars Schoultz Ann and Dr. Alan Chaitin ’62 1964 Carol Clegg Hosking ’64 and Peter L. Hosking 1965 Mary Ann and Robert Eldred ’65 Elizabeth Nelson Master ’65 and John Master adopted 1966 Francine Clark Page '66 and Richard Page 1967 Ruth McKenzie Cannon '67 and Larry Cannon 1968 Mildred Spillane Pease ’68 and James Pease 1969 Christina Yates Berry ’69 and Dale Berry 1970. ’71 Deborah Erickson Calloway ’70 and Ronald Calloway ’71 1970, ’72 Linda Manning Morris ’ 1899 Augusta Kelley Meigs (Mrs. George), 97, died Dec. 25. Following her grad¬ uation she taught in high schools in Massa¬ chusetts, Maine, So. Dakota, and San Mateo, Crescent City, and Oceanside, Calif. She had studied Latin and Archeology at Welles¬ ley and German for several summers at the University of California. She married George Meigs in 1922. Mrs. Meigs was a member of Pi Beta Phi. 1904 Josephine M. Prentis, 92, died Jan. 8 in Utica. She was a science teacher for many years and also served as dean of sophomores at Utica Academy until her re¬ tirement in 1940. Miss Prentis was a mem¬ ber of Phi Beta Kappa and Pi Beta Phi. 1905 Eliza Vickery, 90, died Jan. 26 in Marblehead, Mass. Until her retire¬ ment she was employed by John Hancock Insurance Co. in Boston for over thirty years. 1914 Homer R. Denison, 90, died Dec. 23 in Becchhurst, N.Y. For many years he was treasurer of the New Haven Good¬ will Industries in Connecticut. He is sur¬ vived by his wife, the former Gladys Bayliss. Mr. Denison was a member of Kappa Delta Rho. 1915 Florence Butler Woodward (Mrs. Roy), 81, died Dec. 30. She attended Middlebury for two years and then studied at the Boston Conservatory of Music. In 1916 she married Leon Ellsworth who died in 1951. In 1967 she married Roy Wood¬ ward who survives her with two sons, Butler and Kirk-Holton Ellsworth. Mrs. Woodward was a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma. 1917 Olive A. Hall, 78, died November 18. From 1916 to 1922 she was a teacher 72 and Christopher Morris ’70 Deaths at Sanderson Academy, Ashfield, Mass, and at Bay Path Institute. In 1924-25 she was a student nurse at Massachusetts State Hos¬ pital and was then a nurse in various hos¬ pitals. Miss Hall was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. 1918 Marie L. Champagne, 77, died Dec. 11. She had been a French teacher in the Fitchburg (Mass.) High School from 1919 until her retirement in 1965. In 1924 she studied at the Institute de Touraine in Tours. Miss Champagne was a member of Pi Beta Phi. 1919 Eleanor Layton Miesse (Mrs. Gor¬ don), 76, died Nov. 21 in Mahwah, N.J. Before her marriage in 1923 she taught m Long Branch and Passaic, N.J. and was school librarian in the Long Branch High School. She is survived by her husband, Gordon 20 and three daughters. Eleanor was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Pi Beta Phi. 1919 Sylvia Pastene Foote (Mrs. Ralph), 77, died Feb. 12 at a Rutland (Vt.) Nursing Home following a long illness. In 1919 she married Ralph Foote T7, who died in 1947. Survivors are two sons, Ralph and Charles, and two daughters, Mrs. Theodore Guglin (Janice ’50) and Mrs. Beran (Thalia). Mrs. Foote was a member of Pi Beta Phi. 1920 William A. Huggard, 75, died Dec. 20 in St. Petersburg, Fla. From 1923 until his retirement in the sixties he was an English professor at De Pauw University. He had earned both a Master’s and a PhD at the University of Iowa. During World War I he served in the SATC at Plattsburgh and Middlebury. Mr. Huggard was the author of Emerson and the Problem of War and Peace.” Survivors are his wife, the former Edith Hagedon, and a son, Robert. Mr. BABY DATE Elaine Lyons Mar. 20,1973 Steven Frederick Jan. 18,1974 Christine Sperry June 2,1973 Nils Gibson March 21,1972 Janna Nov. 18,1973 Susan Jennifer Dec. 12,1973 Joshua Farwell Jan. 7,1974 Randall Pierce July 4,1973 and Joshua Benton July 4,1973 Elizabeth Dec. 11, 1972 Daniel Robert Nov. 21,1973 Aimee Jan. 9,1974 Susan Rebecca Oct. 20,1973 Aisha Christine Dec. 29,1973 Robert Christopher Dec. 4,1973 Huggard was a member of Delta Upsilon. 1921 Ronald J. Darby, 80, died Dec. 29 in Northampton, Mass. Following grad¬ uation from Middlebury he attended Harvard Graduate School of Education where he received his Master’s. He had been an in¬ structor at St. Paul’s School, and principal of Hingham (Mass.) High School until 1937 when he became principal of Northampton (Mass.) High School, a position he held un¬ til his retirement in 1964. He was one of the most popular school administrators in the Northampton area and on the occasion of his retirement the school paper, The Student's Review, published a two-page supplement honoring him. During World War I he was a lieutenant in the Army. Survivors are his wife, the former Dorothy Ellms, and a son, Lewis. Mr. Darby was a member of Alpha Sigma Phi. 1921 Philip D. Aines, 74, died Dec. 28 in Mount Dora, Fla. after a long ill¬ ness. He had been a physical education teacher and coach for 42 years, serving for 28 years in New Rochelle, N.Y., until his retirement in 1962. Survivors are his wife, the former Evelyne Sutphen, and two sons, Philip D., Jr. and Donald. Philip was a member of Alpha Sigma Phi. 1923 Margaret Graham Davidson (Mrs. Edward), 72, died June 23, 1973. Following graduation from Middlebury she attended Smith College School of Social Work and was awarded an MS. She had served as a social worker and director of girls’ guidance in Vermont, Massachusetts, New York and Connecticut, and director of Scarsdale (N.Y.) Community Service. Mrs. Davidson was a member of Pi Beta Phi. 1926 Mabel T. Thornley, 69, died Oct. 13 16 MIDDLEBURY 1 in East Providence, R.I. She retired last year after teaching Home Economics for 47 years in the East Providence High School, She was a member of Pi Beta Phi. 1926 James (Jay) A. Clark, 71, died early this year. After graduation from Mid- dlebury he was a student for two years at Yale University’s “47 Workshop.” In 1928 he began his career as a staff writer with Paramount Pictures. Later he was a free¬ lance in radio, a program producer with Ted Bates, Inc., and since 1943 a director, producer, actor, and playwright. He was the author of The Quarry. In 1934 he married Marion Rice and they had one son, Jay. Mr. Clark was a member of Sigma Phi Epsilon. 1926 Edward S. Twiehell, 70, died Dec. 31 in New Britain, Conn, following a long illness. He was the president and operator of Twiehell and Co., heating and air conditioning. Survivors are his wife, the former Gertrude Shaffer, two daughters, Mrs. G. Alan Nelson, Mrs. Lewis McKeon (Barbara ’72) and a son, Frederick '59. Mr. Twiehell was a member of Chi Psi. 1926 Franklin W. Towne, 68, died sud¬ denly on Oct. 11 at the Rutland (Vt.) Hospital. He had earned an MS at Colum¬ bia School of Business and had been an accountant with the New York Steam Corp. in New York, the Howe Scale Co., Rutland, Vt., and secretary and office manager with Black, Starr and Gorham and with Japan Publications Trading Co. in Rutland, Vt. until his retirement. He is survived by his wife, the former Elizabeth Linley. Mr. Towne was a member of Chi Psi. 1933 Harold R. Thayer, 62, died April 22, 1973. He had been a teacher in Schroon Lake, Liberty, and East Hampton, N.Y. High Schools until his retirement in 1969. During World War II he served in the Army Air Corps as an instructor in the Army Weather School at Chanute Field, Ill. He is survived by a brother, Gerald ’31. Harold was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon. 1942 Word has been received of the death of Martha Collins Oeffner (Mrs. E. F.). For many years she was an adver¬ tising assistant with Good Housekeeping and later executive assistant to the director of advertising with the Gray Manufacturing Co. of New York. In 1955 she married Eu¬ gene Oeffner and they had two sons, Mark and David. After her marriage she was an executive assistant in public relations with Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. in New York and then an elementary teacher in Union Beach, N.J. Martha was a member of Phi Mu. 1942 Word has been received of the sud¬ den death of Louise Sargent Jenks (Mrs. Earl) on January 3. She was a student dietitian and later staff dietitian at Massa¬ chusetts General Hospital, editor of the Foods and Food Service Equipment section in Southern Hospitah, and dietitian at the Rhode Island Hospital in Providence. She is survived by two sons, Brian and Alan, and a daughter, Jane. 1947 Willard W. Chase, 51, died in New London, N.H., January 18 after a long illness. He had earned a Master’s in classical languages at Columbia. From 1948 to 1960 he taught English and Latin and was chairman of admissions at Blair Acad¬ emy; he was teacher of languages and guidance director at Webster Academy, 1960 to 1970; and until 1973 assistant regis¬ trar at Johnson (Vt.) State College. Sur¬ vivors are his parents and a brother, the Rev. Harold Chase. Willard was a member of Alpha Sigma Phi. 1950 John L. Hamilton died Feb. 9 fol¬ lowing a short illness. Since 1953 he had been with the International Silver Co. and at the time of his death was regional sales director of the Northeast. In WAV. II he served with the 134th Fighter Squadron. Survivors are his wife, the former Sheila Schmidt ’46, 3 sons, Michael ’74, David, and Gregory and a daughter, Mary Jane. Jack was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon. 1952 Mary Lou Thayer, 42, died suddenly of a heart attack on Jan. 9. She started her professional career with Curtis Publishing Co. and was with them for six¬ teen years, serving as correspondent for subscriber relations, subscription promotion supervisor and production manager, and finally manager of direct mail for the cir¬ culation department. In 1970 she became an account executive with Ayer Direct, the Direct Response Division of N. W. Ayer & Son of Philadelphia. She had been very active in community affairs and was listed m Who’s Who in American Women. Sur¬ vivors are three brothers, Scott ’43, David, and Paul, and a sister, Peggy. Mary Lou was a member of Pi Beta Phi. 1957 Sarah Lentz Tichnor (Mrs. Robert) died Dec. 15. She is survived by her husband, Robert '55, and three children, Stephen, 16, Richard, 14 and Robin, 10. CLASS NOTES Earle E. Haskins, Sec. 207 Hawthorne St. Malden, Mass. 02148 Hilda Woodruff Gollnick (Mrs. Albert), who lives on the outskirts of Middlebury, is a very busy lady. She is president of the Friends of the Ilsley Library in town, jour¬ neys about the state organizing concert committees for the Vermont State Symphony Orchestra, and is chairing the big Summer Benefit Concert in July. Hilda also finds time to do genealogical research and paint miniature military figures for fun. Roger Hall of Fort Fairfield, Me. reports that he has not missed an annual fishing trip to the Restigouche River in over 50 years. His latest venture rewarded him with five sal¬ mon ranging from 12 to 19 pounds. Rog also reports that he has not finished writing his volume on the subject of Anticosti Is¬ land fishing and says that the owners of that large island in the Gulf of St. Law¬ rence are attempting to sell it to the Province of Quebec. Hadley and Priscilla Spear at¬ tended all of the Midd varsity football games last fall except one. A pretty good record for a couple living in central Massa¬ chusetts. Madeleine Gaylor has been hon¬ ored by her city of Fitchburg, Mass, for the many years of conservation work she has devoted to that area. Mandy has served as Chairwoman of the Fitchburg Conserva¬ tion Commission. Recently the City Council dedicated Greene’s Pond and a 47-acre wild¬ life preserve and recreation area in her name. Geraldine Wimmett Bums, Sec. Box 478 Middlebury, Vt. 05753 The law firm in Worcester, Mass, of June, Fletcher and Whipple of which Paris Fletcher is a partner, has merged with Tilton, Erskine and Berkeley and will be known as Fletcher, Tilton and Whipple. The new firm will maintain a general practice with emphasis on banking, trial, corporate, probate, and tax law. Henry Happ, Sr., Sec. 8018 Cherokee Rd. Richmond, Va. 23225 Ruth A. Dodge, Sec. 6 Kcnworth Avc. Troy, N.Y. 12180 Ralph DeGroff, a trustee of The Holland Society of New York, headed a committee in charge of the publication of New York Historical Manuscripts: Dutch, previously unpublished New Netherlands records trans¬ lated from the Dutch. Joseph L. Finnegan, Sec. 176 Millbum Ave. Milbum, N.J. 07041 Gunhild Elfstrom Carlson, Sec 282-B Diamond St. Deltona, Fla. 32763 Harry Graves has retired and is living at 955 So. Eliseo Dr., Green Brae, Calif. 94904. Elliot Steams and his wife, Emeline, are living at 6-A Nasturtium Ct., Aldersgate Retirement Center, Orange City, Fla. 32763. Elliot has been elected vice president of Northern Florida District Shuflleboard As¬ sociation. Ruth Howland Merriam (Mrs. William) retired last June from her position SPRING 1974 17 I as loan consultant in the Guaranty Bank and Trust Co. Florence Wyman Palmer (Mrs. Milan) has retired from the Aetna Life and Casualty Co. after twenty years of service. Blanche Walker Hiller (Mrs. Albert) spent the winter on the island of St. Thomas. Robert R. Herrick, See. RFD 3 Middlebury, Vt. 05753 Helen Kendall Metger, See. 220 Ash St. Corinth, N Y. 12822 Thomas Heney is director of the Practicing Law Institute at 1133 Avenue of the Ameri¬ cas in New York. Harry Tomlinson has re¬ tired as analyst with HEW Bureau of Hearing and Appeals, and is living at 101 Essex House, Port ( harlotte, 1 la. 33952. Edward W. Markowski, Sec. 1705 Ridge Rd. North Haven, Conn. 06473 Ella Congdon Purple, Sec. 78 Madison St. Hamilton, N.Y. 13346 Daniel Braymer has retired as editor of Electrical World (McGraw-Hill) and is liv¬ ing at 5 Quaker St., Granville, N.Y. 12832. William Davis is a chemistry teacher in the Falmouth, Me. School District and is living at 25 Dirigo St., Portland 04102. Dr. Lester J. Evans, Sec. 148 Revere Street Ext. Waterbury, Conn. 06708 Dorothy Williams Powell, Sec. 312 S. W. Tenth St., Apt. 1 Gainesville, Fla. 32601 Mark Richmond has retired as assistant di¬ rector of the Bureau of Prisons. His address is RFD, Brookfield, Vt. 05036. Paul W. Foster, Sec. 3229 Marquette Dallas, Tex. 75225 Joy Ruhr Bcmo. Sec. 1310-L Colbury Rd. Baltimore, Md. 21239 Dr. William Craig, formerly president of Johnson (Vt.) State College, be came chan¬ cellor of the Vermont State Colleges in January. Caroline Elliott Dorst (Mrs. Stan¬ ley) of Nashua, N.H. and Caroline Parker presented a four-hand piano recital to bene¬ fit the New London (N.H.) Hospital last August. She has given many musical pro¬ grams in the past, accompanied the com¬ munity chorus of Williamstown, Mass, for about 20 years, and sung in the Dartmouth summer chorus and the Chorale J. S. Bach dc Paris. She has studied privately for many years with Elen Foster, a concert artist in Paris, with Claude Frank, pianist with the Boston Symphony and Chamber Players, and with Joaquin Nin-Culmettl, composer and concert artist. Mrs. Dorst gives piano lessons in the winter and presents a student recital each spring. (Class notes continued on page SO) ALUMNI ASSOCIATION April Balloting will Elect New Voices to Board’s Deliberations For three Alumni- Trustee seats, slate oj ten offered. The nominating committee of the Alumni Council is pleased to nominate the following candidates for Alumni Trustee. The classes from 1901-1971 will nominate two alumnae for a four-year term to begin July 1, 1974 and one alumnus for a one-year term to fill the unexpired term of John M. Kirk ’39 who was elected a Charter Member last spring. Brief biographies of the candidates appear below. Balloting will be conducted by mail in April. For Four-Year Term Mildred Becker Bennett ’41 (Mrs. Shirley C.), 83 Pittsford Way, New Providence, N.J. 07974; 11 years teacher (Special Education), New Providence, N.J.; class secretary 1951- 56; president of NY/NJ Alumnae Associa¬ tion 1952-53; Co-chairman of Alumni Fund 1952-55. vice president of National Alumnae Association 1961-63. Middlebury Plaque Award—meritorius service to Alma Mater, 1961. executive vice president of Metropoli¬ tan New York division of Middlebury Col¬ lege Challenge Fund; president of Alumnae Association 1966-68; member of committee preparing new Middlebury Alumni Associa¬ tion constitution; chairman of Association Constitution Revision Committee 1962-63; committeeman New Providence Area, North¬ ern New Jersey District, General Campaign 175th Anniversary Fund. Frances R. Hall ’57, 644 Benner Road, Allen¬ town, Pa. 18104; Director of Admissions, Cedar Crest College, 1969-present, Assistant Director of Admissions, Middlebury College, 1964-69; Science teacher, Glen Rock, N.jl 1960-64; chemical research assistant, Union Carbide Corporation, Parma, Ohio, 1957- 60, Middlebury College, 175th Anniversary Campaign, Central Penn., Chairman; Mid¬ dlebury College, Annual Fund class team leader, 1973-74; American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Officers of Admis¬ sion-Committee of Undergraduate Finan¬ cial Aid; Pennsylvania Association of College Admissions Counselors—Admissions Princi- £ i, and Practices Committee, School and College Relations Committee; Soroptimist Club International—local Citizenship Awards chairman. Paula Knight Jeffries ’45 (Mrs. Donald W.), 3108 Q Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20007; Draftsman, MIT Radiation Laboratory and Harvard Radio Research Laboratory, 1945- 46; test administrator, Human Engineering Laboratory (Boston) 1946-50; personnel of¬ ficer, MIT 1950-59. Married Donald W. Jeffries in 1959; vice president, Boston Mid¬ dlebury Alumnae Association, 1948-50; pres¬ ident, 1950-52; class secretary 1955; founder and president Washington Middlebury Alum¬ nae Association, 1960-68; delegate-at-large, national Middlebury Alumnae Association, 1955-57; president, national Middlebury Alumnae Association, 1968-70; president, national Middlebury Alumni Association, 1970- 72; member 175th Anniversary Fund Council. Second vice president 1965-67, first vice president 1967-71, and president 1971- present, of The Hospitality and In¬ formation Service for diplomatic residents and their families. District of Columbia Board of the YWCA and Chairman of the YWCA International Fair, 1972 and 1973. Member Board of the Woman’s National Democratic Club 1967-71. Mary Wisotzkey McClellan ’45 ( Mrs. Bruce), Foundation House, Lawrenceville, N.J. 08648; member Pi Beta Phi sorority; Chief Justice; assistant alumnae secretary 1945- 46, class secretary 1945-50; organized Mid¬ dlebury College Choir concerts in Southern New Jersey, 1971 and 1973; Annual Giving team leader; chairman. Southern New Jer¬ sey district, General Campaign, 175th An¬ niversary Fund. Married Bruce McClellan in York, Pa. in 1946. Bruce has been Head Master of the Lawrenceville School since 1959. Parent of three children, aged 23, 17, and 15. Taught nursery school and Sunday school, 1954-57 Community interests in¬ clude Lawrenceville Presbyterian Church (Elder; chairman of Sanctuary Committee; member of 275th Anniversary Committee); Lawrenceville Garden Club (chairman of Juniors 1971-72. winning two State awards; co-chairman Community Improvement Com¬ mittee, 1972-present); Woman’s Club of Lawrenceville (treasurer, 1953, and former 18 MIDDLEBURY For Four-Year Term Mildred Becker Bennett ’41 Paula Knight Jeffries ’45 Frances R. Hall ’57 Mary Wisotzkey McClellan ’45 For One-Year Term Cyrus P. Anfindsen ’56 David E. Thompson ’46 Kristine Bye ’73 Neilda C. Lee ’72 Lucy A. McCarthy ’72 Gail J. Littlefield ’73 member of Social Service and Scholarship Committees); League of Women Voters (in¬ active), and Common Cause. Member of Bucks County Historical Society, Doyles- town, Pa., serving on the Museum Commit¬ tee for The Mercer Museum and as a volun¬ teer assistant to the curatorial staff. For One-Year Term Cyrus P. Anfindsen ’56, 31 Bayberry Road, New Canaan, Ct. 06840; Certificate, London School of Economics 1958 (Dutton Fellow¬ ship); two tours of duty as officer, U.S. Army Reserve; business development, portfolio manager, and analyst, United States Trust Company of New York, 1959-65; institu¬ tional sales, Paribas Corporation, New York, 1956; presently senior vice president, Cyrus J. Lawrence, Inc. an investment research firm in New York City; chairman, Metropoli¬ tan New York Division General Campaign, 175th Anniversary Fund, and member of 175th Anniversary Council. David E. Thompson ’49, 44 Brookside Road, Needham, Mass. 02192; Delta Upsilon fra¬ ternity; Waubanakee; Blue Key; football captain; Sargent and Co. Hardware Mfg., July 1949-March 1950, Builders Specialty and Hardware Corp., 1950-55, (assistant manager), Arlwood Corp., president 1955- 65; David E. Thompson, Inc. (construction sales), president 1965-present; Member American Society of Architectural Hardware Consultants; 1st vice president, A.S.A.H.C.; member and past chairman, N.E. Chapter A.S.A.H.C.; member and past president, N.E. Builders Hardware Club. Organized Boston Alumni Club 1960, first president; president of Mass. District of Associated Alumni, 1966-69; Alumni dinner chairman 1967, 1968, 1969. 175th Anniversary Fund; Member Special Gifts Committee of Greater Boston Division, General Campaign. And for Two-Year Term This year the classes of 1972, ’73, ’74, and ’75 will elect a woman from the class of 1972 or ’73 to serve as Alumni Trustee for a two-year term beginning July 1, 1974. The nominating committee, Andy Reding for ’74, David Tatgenhorst ’75, Curt Viebranz ’75, Alan Levy '74, and Dean Erica Wonnacott (advisor) are pleased to present the follow¬ ing candidates. Balloting will be held in April and the candidate with the most votes will be elected. She will replace Mary Reardon ’70, whose term expires this June. Kristine Bye ’73, Box 303, Morrisville, Vt. 05661. Cum Laude ; major Sociology-Anthro¬ pology. Member debate and speech team. Headstart volunteer, Shannon Street School volunteer, School Enrichment Program, Jun¬ ior Counselor, Sociology Advisory Commit¬ tee, Dean’s List, and Mortar Board. Teacher, Morristown (Vt.) Elementary School. Neilda C. Lee ’72, 913 Mary Street, Apt. 1, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104. Major Economics. Middlebury Conference, French Club, WRMC, Mountain Club, Sophomore Guide, Faculty Committee on Admissions, BSMU, YOU Summer Program, Student Forum, Financial Aid Committee, Grievance Com¬ mittee, Junior Counselor, and Mortar Board. Student at Univ. of Michigan Law School. Gail J. Littlefield ’73, 71 Lebanon Street, Hamilton, N.Y. 13346. Magna cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa. Major French. Dean’s List, assistant Brownie troop leader, cheer¬ leading captain, Curl Scout leader, secretary, Environmental Quality, Dorm Council, French Department Advisory Council, and College Scholar. Spent junior year in France under Vanderbilt Univ. program. Graduate student, MAT program Colgate and teacher of French at Norwich (N.Y.) High School. Lucy A. McCarthy ’72, Apt. 205, 3720 Ma¬ comb, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016. Major Political Science. Dean’s List, Board of Gov¬ ernors, Field Hockey team, Choral Society, Sophomore Guide, Judicial Council (four years), Chief Justice senior year. September 1972-May 1973 Assistant Registrar, Interna¬ tional School of Law, Washington, D.C.; graduate student and MA candidate. Cath¬ olic University of America specializing in Guidance and Counseling. Two evenings a week counseling in a dormitory at the Wash¬ ington School of the Ballet. □ SPRING 1974 19 Nelson Easton '1*1 Robert Studley '55 Charles Baird '1*1* Seely Thomas '51 Raymond R. Unsworth, See. 1700 Spear St. South Burlington, Vt. 05401 Doris Lathrop Riggs, Sec. 46 Charles St. Auburn, N.Y. 13021 Paul Cushman, systems engineer with Gen¬ eral Electric Ordinance Systems in Pitts¬ field, Mass., had an article “Calling the Shots Through Tank Fire Control System Simulation” published in the August, 1973 issue of International Defense Review. The article describes a revolutionary new method of evaluating fire-control systems. Paul, who developed the Hit Probability Program, has been responsible for the development of several missile inertial guidance and control systems since 1947. He holds patents for a fluid magnetic clutch used in missile flight control and for an induction motor control. Dr. Nelson Easton has been named one of five vice presidents of a new division to be known as Lilly Research Laboratories of Eli Lilly Co. which will consolidate and direct the company's worldwide research and development activities. Dr. Easton, for¬ merly an executive director of research, was first employed by the Lilly firm as an organic chemist in 1953. Vance A. Richardson, Sec. 36 Bowdoin St. Portland, Me. 04102 Ruth Delong Rude, Sec. 162 Woodbury Ave. Stamford, Conn. 06907 Theodore S. Kolzak, Sec. 26 Treeborough Dr. West Hartford, Conn. 06117 M. Janes Landes, Sec. 10 Cambridge Ct. Larchmont, N.Y. 10538 John Stetson, head of the personnel division of The First National Bank of Boston, has been elected a senior vice president. Donna Curtis Maxson, Sec. 15 Otis St. Needham, Mass. 02192 Catherine Van Aken Smith (Mrs. David), a member of the Connecticut State Board of Education and a long-time advocate of the cause of public education, has been hon¬ ored by the Chronicle of Hamden, Conn, by being designated “Hamden's Citizen of the Year.” James Ham has retired after twenty-four years with the Federal govern¬ ment. His address is Route 1, Box 181, Forest Lake, Fort Mill, S.C. 29715. Eliza¬ beth Holmgren Welles (Mrs.) is a teacher and science coordinator at the Elisabeth Morrow School in Englewood, N.J. and is living at 17 Harsen Rd., Tenafly 07670. Charles Baird, chief financial officer of International Nickel Co., became a director of the company in January. Benjamin F. Bradley, Jr., Sec. Julia Friend Bradley, Sec. 91 Crest Rd. Ridgewood, N.J. 07450 Edward Welles is district sales manager with the Paymaster Corp. in Greensboro, N.C. His address is 2916 Freeman Mill Rd., Greensboro 27406. I he Rev. Robert Fulton is headmaster of the School of the Arts in New Jersey. His address is PO Box 114, Stillwater, N.J. 07875. Richard Porter is business education teacher in New Canaan, Conn, and lives at 79 Easton Rd., Westport 06880. Duncan K. Law, Sec. Constance Kelly Law, Sec. Box 353 West Newbury, Mass. 01985 Charles James is director of the Office of Near Eastern Affairs, Bureau for Asia. Mail 20 MIDDLEBURY Philip Montgomery ’56 David T roast ’56 Matthew Ellis ’56 will reach him at Agency for International Development, Room 6678, (Asia/'NE), Wash¬ ington, D.C. 20523. Until the middle of January, Dr. Frank Colcord was in Amster¬ dam working on a research project for the U.S. Dept, of Transportation concerning ur¬ ban planning in Europe. While there he traveled to Stockholm and Goteberg, Ham¬ burg, Manchester, and Leeds. Rebecca Be- lisle Bautc (Mrs.) has two daughters in col¬ lege: Susan, a sophomore at Wellesley and Alison, a freshman at Dartmouth. (That’s right.) H. Seely Thomas, Jr., Sec. 38 Pennsylvania Ave. Flcmington, N.J. 08822 Jane Hyde Christopher, Sec. 21 Old Colony Rd. Wellesley Hills . Mass. 02181 Kenneth Provoneha, who teaches special education at Northampton (Mass.) High School, is a scout for the Red Sox in the western Massachusetts area. Ann Graham Baird (Mrs. Cameron) is a teacher of the perceptually handicapped in the Hanover (Mass.) Junior High School. She lives at 445 Tilden Rd., No. Scituate 02060. Seely Thomas, publisher of the Hunterdon Demo¬ crat and The Delaware Valley News , has served as president of the New Jersey Press Association since November 1972. Before becoming president he had been on the Board of Directors and served as treasurer and vice president of the Association. He and his wife, Anne Moreau, have two chil¬ dren attending Middlebury: Catherine ’75 and John ’77. William Castor, of the Lake Superior State College history and political science department, has been awarded ten¬ ure by the College, effective September 1974. Robert W. Gyzander, Sec. 104 Cammot Ln. Fayetteville, N.Y. 13066 Ruth Shonyo Trask, Sec. 36 Yorktown Rd. West Boylston, Mass. 01583 Charles Lauer is national advertising sales director with the Petersen Publishing Co. of Chicago, Ill. He lives at 551 Rosewood Ave., Winnetka 60093. William P. Marseilles, III, Sec. Killington, Vt. 05751 Carol Jennings Clemens, Sec. 2000 Richard Rd. Willow Grove, Pa. i9090 Dr. Edward Perrin has been appointed di¬ rector of the National Center for Health Statistics, Health Resources Administration. He has been deputy director of the Center since September 1972. Harding Williams is manager of the Washington office of the Del Monte Corp. He is living at 8613 Clydesdale Rd., Springfield, Va. 22151. Peter and Cecily Mattocks ( 54) Marshall’s son, Jonathan, a fifteen-year-old sophomore at Noble Greenough School in Dedham, Mass., was a member of the 15-man New England Prep School Hockey League All- Star team which toured five European coun¬ tries including Russia from March 2 to April 8. The team played eight games on the tour beginning in Berlin. Other coun¬ tries visited were Poland, Sweden, and Czechoslovakia. Charles D. Fay, Sec. Ann Heath Fay, Sec. 341 E. Knowlton Rd. Media, Pa. 19063 Mikko Eklin is a research officer with the Ministry of Finance in Helsinki. His address is Nvottapolku 6, 00330 Helsinki 33, Fin¬ land. Jane Ebert Pimlott (Mrs. Charles) is director and head teacher at the Westlake Co-op Nursery School in Westlake, Ohio. She lives at 12000 Edgewater Dr., Apt. 508, Lakewood 44107. Dick J Wollmar, Sec. Mary Lou King Wollmar, Sec. Old Winter Rd. South Lincoln, Mass. 01773 Robert Studley has been elected president of the Lynn (Mass.) Institution for Savings. He joined the bank in 1968 and has served as an assistant treasurer, assistant vice presi¬ dent, and vice president. The Rev. Paul Clayton resigned on February 1 as minister of the Second Congregational Church of Beverly, Mass, to become minister of the Congregational Church in Needham. He and his wife, Jacklyn, and their two children, John, 9 and Cathryn, 7, are living at 26 Sargent St., Needham 02192. Paul has had a book, Add Salt to Season: God's People in a New Time, published by Greeno, Hadden and Co. The Rev. Ronald C. Lawson, Sec. 1300 Carson Blvd. Dorvul, Quo. 1I9S 1S16, Canada Sally Gerhart Mitchel, Sec. 47 Western Blvd. Gillette, N.J. 07933 Richard Westfall is office manager with Packard, Sawyer, Watters and Bell, insur¬ ance, in Greenfield, Mass. He lives at 18 Valley View Dr., Greenfield 01301. Gene Bjorkman has been transferred by the In¬ surance Company of North America to Houston, Tex. He is living at 8075 Raven- wood Circle, Apt. 304, Houston 77055. Philip Montgomery has been made manager of the Portland branch of Putnam, Coffin and Burr Division of Advest Co. Phil has been account executive with Hayden Stone and Co. and later associated with Dominick and Dominick before joining Advest. David Troast has been named vice president and general manager of gas products for Airco's Industrial Gases Division. He will be lo¬ cated at the division’s headquarters in Mur¬ ray Hill, N.J. and will be responsible for all gas-products marketing activities. Dave SPRING 1974 21 Charles Y. Brush *57 joined Arco in 1959 and has held line and staff managerial posts in the intervening years. Matthew Ellis, director of material management at the Harrisburg (Pa.) Hos¬ pital. has been appointed to the Regional Advisory’ Committee of the Hospital Bureau. The Committee is comprised of experienced administrative and purchasing personnel se¬ lected on a regional basis, and promotes economical and efficient purchasing prac¬ tices by hospital and other health-care insti¬ tutions. For the past four years Nicholas Holt has been acting in Chicago theaters. His most recent role has been the lead in a feature film. “The Selected,” a science fic¬ tion film, to be released at first-run movie houses in Apni. He is also assistant priest at St. Edmund’s Church, the largest black Episcopal church in Chicago. The Rev. Ronald Lawson has been appointed the Archbishop’s representative on the Pastoral Committee for the ’76 Olympics to be held in Montreal. The Committee will organize for the pastoral needs of the athletes. Timothy P. Wallace, See. Elizabeth O'Donnell Wallace, Sec. 201 Asbury St. South Hamilton, Mass. 01982 Frederick Raskopf has been appointed vice president of brand management of S. A. Schonbrunn and Co. Before joining Schon- bmnn Fred was senior product manager of the Schick division of Warner-Lambert Co., product manager at Bristol-Meyers Co., ac¬ count executive at Compton Advertising, and marketing specialist at IBM. Richard Wiemer is vice president and trust officer with Southeast First Bank of Jacksonville, Fla. He lives at 7904 Bellemeade Blvd., Jacksonville 32211. Dr. Donald Small has been promoted to associate professor of mathematics at Colby College. In addition to his teaching responsibilities Dr. Small has developed a visiting lecture program by mathematicians for secondary schools in Maine. Charles Brush has been promoted from assistant vice president to vice presi¬ dent-portfolio manager of the National Life Insurance Co. of Vermont. Frederic M Cowles, Sec. Janet von Wettberg Cowles, Sec. 372 W. Mountain Rd. West Simsbury, Conn. 06092 Joseph Mohbat, who was Associated Press correspondent in Washington for ten years before becoming press secretary to Demo¬ cratic National Chairman Lawrence O’Brien, has been named a vice president of DIALOG, the new public affairs division of J. Walter Thompson Co. He will oversee media rela¬ tions in the nation’s capitol for DIALOG clients which include private enterprises, trade associations, educational institutions, and government agencies. He lives at 201 I St.. Apt. 517, Washington 20024. Stepha¬ nie Eaton is taking a medical laboratory’ technician course in clinical affiliation with the Littleton Hospital Laboratory. She lives at 15 Union St., Littleton, N.H. 03561. Jane Leavitt Bedell (Mrs.) is an elementary teacher in the West Parish School, Glouces¬ ter, Mass, and lives at 65 Hilltop Rd., Gloucester 01930. Thomas Bry is president of Diaton, Inc. in Denver, Colo, and living at 4421 So. Lowell Blvd., Denver 80236. Duncan Wilson is a research associate with the AIA Research Corp. in Washington, D.C His address is Route 2, Box 200, Acco- keck, Md. 20607. David Western is an account executive with Fahnestock and Co. in Boston. Mail will reach him at West Townshend, Vt. 05359. Floreal Lavin is international area business manager for Cen¬ tral and So. America, Portugal, and Spain with the Mosler Safe Co. in Hamilton, Ohio. He and his wife, Ann Andruss, are living at 439 Stonehearst Ln., Cincinnati 45231. Roch Malzac is a co-pilot with American Airlines and is living at 2209 Flat Creek Dr., Richardson, Tex. 75080. Edward D. Fowler, Sec. 143 Frontage Rd. Manchester, N.H. 03103 Aliceanne Britain Griffin, Sec. 4 Sunset Ln. South Hamilton, Mass. 01982 Paul Schosberg, administrative assistant to Congressman Herman Badillo (Dem.-N.Y.), has been named president of the Savings Association League of New York State. The League is a trade organization representing 158 savings and loan associations in the state. Anthony Garcia has been made vice president of Central Gulf Lines and is in charge of the New York office. William Kostcr is a bank loan officer with The Unity Bank and Trust Co. in Roxbury, Mass. George Finch is manager of quality con¬ trol, environmental power operation with the General Electric Co. in Philadelphia. He lives at 19 College View Rd., West Chester 19380. Dr. Ren wick Curry' is spend¬ ing a year in Palo Alto doing research at NASA. His address until August 1974 is 2039 Barbara Dr., Palo Alto 94303. Andrew Montgomery became controller of The Del- mark Co., manufacturers of nutritional and pharmaceutical products, of Minneapolis on Jan. 1. His address is 6628 Parkwood Rd., Edina 55416. Michael Karin was honored at Middlebury’s 10th annual alumni-varsity hockey classic in January; he was presented the Student Athletic Council Alumni Award for his “continued interest in Middlebury and its athletic program.” The award was a personalized Middlebury clock and because Karin was unable to be present, was ac¬ cepted for him by “Duke” Nelson ’32. Mike, who has participated in several of the alumni-varsity classics in the past, still holds an NCAA scoring record. Kent D. Kehs, Sec. Judith Jacobson Kchs, Sec. Glen St. Rowley, Mass. 01969 Dr. Robert Hall, who previously practiced general dentistry in Hartford has joined four other Hartford dentists to form a part¬ nership for dentistry practice with new offices in the Exchange, Farmington Ave., Farmington, Conn. Allyn Moorman Sullivan (Mrs. William) is administrative assistant with Testing Engineers, Inc. in Oakland, Calif, and lives at 926 St. Louis Ct., Con¬ cord 84518. Sonja Johnson White (Mrs.) is a graduate student at the University of Michigan and is living at 4808 Washtenaw, Ann Arbor 48104. Joyce Varney Fuller (Mrs. Nathan) is a staff nurse at Montclair Community Nursing Service in Montclair, N.J. and living at 39 Erwin Park Rd., Mont¬ clair 07042. 22 MIDDLEBURY John L. Williams, Sec. Box 171 Poultney, Vt. 05764 Janet S. Reed, Sec. 20 Amato Dr., Apt. B South Windsor, Conn. 06074 Randall Clark has been advanced to di¬ rector of product development in the indi¬ vidual insurance operations at Connecticut General Life Insurance Co. Peter Connal is now New England district sales manager for Calgon Product Co. Dr. William Max¬ well has opened an office for the practice of otolaryngology in Portland, Me. He and his wife, Sally Howard '62, are living at 15 Bluff Rd., South Portland 04106. Ann Cosby Smith (Mrs. John) is an art teacher at Hills- point Elementary School in Westport, Conn. Her husband teaches at Southern Connecti¬ cut College. With their two children, Steele 11, and Samantha 7, they are living at 46 Beach Ave., Woodmont 06460. Alex Ell- wood is a self-employed marriage, family and child counselor and teaches part-time at Umpqua Community College in Roseburg, Ore. His address is 530 S. E. Leland, Rose¬ burg 97470. Dr. Michael Pulman is an as¬ sociate professor of history at the University of Denver and lives at 2620 So. Fillmore St., Denver 80210. Charlotte DuBois Elfe (Mrs. Wolfgang) and her family which in¬ cludes a son and a daughter are back in the United States living at 1115 Delta Dr., Columbia, S.C. 29209. Tor Hultgreen is manager of marketing, pulp and paper, with the Anglo Canadian Pulp and Paper Co. in Toronto. His address is 2061 Lakeshore Rd., E., Oakville, Ont. Stephen R. Holtz, Sec. 17 Church St. Framingham, Mass. 01701 Jacqueline Ross Hansen, Sec. 2028 Evergreen Dr. Fort Collins, Colo. 80521 Jane Volland Schoultz and her husband, Lars, have moved to 111 E. Withrow, Ox¬ ford, Ohio 45056 after a year in Buenos Aires. Lars is teaching in the political sci¬ ence department at Miami University and Jane is teaching sociology, part-time. Dr. Alan Chaitin is a dermatologist with the Southern California Permanente Medical Group in Granada Hills. He lives at 4115 Aleman Dr., Tarzana 91356. Ralph Ellis and wife, Janet Myers ’63, have moved to 104 Little Hill Ct., Ballwin, Mo. 63011. Ralph is manager of Teleprocessing Indus¬ tries in Bridgeton. Richard Powell is mana¬ ger of the Great Scot Restaurant in Arcadia, Calif, and lives at 134 E. Haven, Arcadia 91006. Francis Sutherland has been named assistant general counsel of The Life In¬ surance Co. of Virginia. Stephen Green is a regional director with UNICEF. His address is UNICEF-Ethiopia, PO Box 20, New York, N.Y. 10017. Major Martin Brown and family, which includes two sons and a daughter, are in Thailand for two years. His address is PSC, Box 7343, APO San Francisco 96237. Leon M. Cangiano, Jr., Sec. 41 Commercial Wharf Boston, Mass. 02110 Sibylle Vock Brandup, Sec. 30 Yeoman Dr. Upper Saddle River, N.J. 07458 Larry Silvester has been appointed assistant secretary in the mortgage and real estate department at Connecticut General Life In¬ surance Co. He joined Connecticut General in 1967 and has served as accounts admin¬ istrator in group insurance and mortgage Larry Silvester ’63 analyst. With his wife and two daughters he lives at 248 Mountain Rd., North Granby, Conn. 06060. David Spink is an attendant at the Buffalo General Hospital, 125 W. North St., Buffalo, N.Y. 14201. Thomas Keating is studying on a Washington In¬ ternship in Education (Ford Foundation Fellowship in Educational Leadership) and is on the staff of the Speaker of the House of the Illinois General Assembly. His address is 721 Woodland Ave., Springfield, Ill. 62704. Dr. Douglas Crandall is assistant professor of botany, biochemistry, and en¬ vironmental biology at Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston 02115 Russell Barnum is guidance director in the West Rutland (Vt.) High School. His address is Box 278, West Rutland 05777. Chris Baker and his wife, Jane MacFarland ’62, are liv¬ ing at 9222 Shelton St., Bethesda, Md. 20034. Chris received his PhD in political science from the University of Florida in August, 1973. Peter K. Wood, Sec. 1133 Avenue Rd. Toronto, Ont., Canada Joan Smith Johnson, Sec. North Street Ext. Rutland, Vt. 05701 Daniel Brown has been appointed plant manager of The Kendall Company’s foreign subsidiary in Braunton, North Devon, Eng¬ land. He will assume total responsibility for the operation of the British facility' which produces non-woven and processed cotton products for the European market. His address is 2 Williams Close, Braunton, No. Devon, England. Ann Hatfield is in mate¬ rials management at the Medical College of Virginia Hospital, Richmond and lives at 1816 Floyd Ave., Richmond 23220. Cal¬ vin Leman is owner of the Appliance Servi- center of Vernon. His address is 184 Tal- cottville Rd., Vernon, Conn. 06066. Lee Geisen is a graduate student in the Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies at Adel- phi University. She lives at 50 Webb Ave., Apt. I-A, Hempstead, N.Y. 11550. Harvey Evans is a staff therapist with the Seacoast Regional Counseling Center. The address for him and wife, Pauline Frizzell, is Box 724, Portsmouth, N.II. 03801. Bruce E. Gunther, Sec. 4 Skytop Dr. Croton, N.Y. 10520 Carol Burr Francone, Sec. 1230 Bidwcll Ave. Chico, Calif. 95926 James Hunt is now chairman of the English department at Hanover (N.H.) High School. Hugo de Fritsch is assistant vice president and deputy manager at the Philadelphia International Bank at 55 Broad St., New York 10004. Frederic Berner is an attorney with Sidley and Austin in Washington, D.C. He lives at 5325 Willard Ave., Chevy Chase 20015. Graydon Ekdahl is professor of Ger¬ manic languages at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514. James Dor- ranee is a fashion photographer in France. His address is 66 Rue St., Andre des Arts, Paris 6. Peter Holcombe has been promoted to trust officer with the New England Mer¬ chants Bank of Boston. Jeanie Distin Mc¬ Adams (Mrs. Joseph) is a glider tow pilot at Great Western Soaring School in Pear- blossom, Calif. Her address is General De¬ livery, Wrightwood 92397. Martin Lavin began work on March 1 as corporate coun¬ sel with Mico, Ine. of Winooski, Vt. He lives at 1 Hillside Terr., Shelburne 05482. Ernest Dick is assistant purchasing agent with Hoover Brothers in Kansas City, Mo. He lives at 5715 Lloyd Ave., Overland Park, Kan. 66202. William Ewald is a research biologist with the Defense Nuclear Agency in Bethesda, Md. He and wife, Keith Mc- Causland ’68, are living at 4552 Windsor Ln., Bethesda 20014. Grant Matheke is a student in the PhD program in marine biology at the University of Maine. His address is RFD 1, Orrington 04474. Sarah Scull Hunter, husband Michael, and their son were in Cape Town, So. Africa until the end of January when they went on to St. Helena. Mail sent to 23 Douglas Rd., Needham, Mass. 02192 will be forwarded. David Thompson and wife, Catherine Cen- SPRING 1974 23 tcno ’68, arc in Brazil for a year where David is working for Esso. Their address is Esso Brasileira de Petrolio, S.A., Caixa Postal 970-ZC-OQ, Rio de Janeiro Kenneth F Macauley, Sec. Winding Hollow Rd. Amherst, N.H. 03031 Dianne Watson Carter, Sec. Ayer Rd. Harvard, Mass. 01451 Eric Tunis is in Afghanistan His address is American Embassy, Kabul, Afghanistan, Dept, of State, Washington, D.C. 20521. Alan Magary and wife Kcrstin, after a year and a half of traveling and writing, have completed their book Safari: A Travel Guide to Eastern Africa, to be published this fall by Harper and Row. They are now at work on a third book, on California, also for Harper. Their address is 46 Alvarado St., San Francisco 94110. Thomas Armistead is communications coordinator for the office of the treasurer of National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha’is of the United States in Wil¬ mette, Ill. Kristina Nilson Allen, husband Peter, and children Rick, 2, and Kate, 5, moved to 145 Upton Rd., Westborough, Mass. 01581 in October. Peter is working for the Dennison Manufacturing Co. Scott MacFadyen is outboard operations manager with Airborne Air Freight Corp. in Revere, Mass. He lives at 4 Lonvale Ln., Apt. 76, Amcsbury 01913. Richard Webbe has been named assistant investment officer in the bond department of John Hancock Insur¬ ance. Roger Herrmann is general manager in international business with Time , Inc. He lives at 132 E. 35th St., Apt. 7-J, New York, N.Y. 10016. Francinc Clark Page (Mrs. Richard), received an MA in English from the University of Vermont in May, 1973. She is living at 82-B Brigham Hill Ln., Essex Junction, Vt. 05452. Elizabeth Brennan Danlcy (Mrs. William) is children’s librarian at the Fayetteville (Ark.) Public Library and is living at 750 William St., Fayetteville 72701. Virginia Neely Jackson (Mrs. James) is studying for a Master’s in political science at the University of Arkan¬ sas and living at 613 Oakland, Apt. 4, Fay¬ etteville 72701. Samuel Bays is assistant treasurer in commercial banking with the American Express International Banking Corp. in Tokyo. His address is Toranomon- Mitsui Bldg., 8-1, Kasumigaseki, 3-chome, Tokyo. Virginia Bachus Willcox and hus¬ band Riley have moved to 5255 London Dr., N. W., Atlanta, Ga. 30327 where he is area manager of the Measurex Corp. Charles Maugham is a surgical and otolaryngology resident at the Swedish Hospital in Seattle this year and will be at the University of Washington Hospital next year. His address is 4111 36th, N. E, Seattle 98112. John Ragsdale is a professor of law at the Uni¬ versity of Missouri Law School. He and wife Jill Bullington ’69 are living at 3730 Locust, Apt. 21, Kansas City, Mo. 64109. Leslie Anderson is studying sitar and vocal music at the Ali Akbar College of Music where she also holds the position of aca¬ demic degree and credit programs advisor. Her address is 162 Hillside, San Rafael, Calif. 94901. Carolyn Estabrook Frye (Mrs. Milton) was awarded a Master’s in educa¬ tion by Claremont (Calif.) College in Feb¬ ruary. Richard E. Roller, Sec. Joan Viehdorfer Roller, See. Lillard Hall, Tabor Academy Marion, Mass. 02738 Jane Johnston is an instructor of English at the University of Massachusetts in Bos¬ ton and lives at 15 Hews St., Cambridge 02139 Katherine Horton is living at 8800 No. Lincoln St., Apt. 102-G, Denver 80229. Last summer she drove around the United States and arrived in Denver in August where she proceeded to run a shop for an architect for four months. She is now a cabinet maker and woodworker in her own shop which she opened in January. Richard W. Vomacka, Sec. 1414*6 Summit St. Sioux City, la. 51103 Susan Hastings Chandler, Sec. 102 Adams St. Milton, Mass. 02187 Larry Abbott was admitted to the Vermont Bar in December. He earned his law degree at the University of Chicago and is a law clerk in the Vermont State Supreme Court. Jam's Ells is a social worker with the Jeffer¬ son County Welfare Dept, in Denver. Her address is Box 773, Evergreen 80439. Con¬ rad Ambrette is working for the law firm of McAnemey, Ryan and Millar in Darien, Conn, and living at 89 Canoe Hill Rd., New Canaan 06840. Christopher Diamond is an assistant to the president of the Sherburne Corp. (Killington Ski Area). His address is PO Box 157, Killington, Vt. 05751. Arthur Coolidge has resigned from the South Australian Education Dept, after a year of junior-high teaching and is now teaching physics and mathematics at a boy’s private secondary school, Wesley College, in the Melbourne area. He has bought a new home at 4 Francis St., Blackburn, Victoria 3130, Australia. John Kirby is a sales representa¬ tive with the Xerox Corp. in Arlington, Va. and is living at 101 So. Reynolds, Apt. 502, Alexandria 22304. Cynthia Krieble Bennett (Mrs. John) is an assistant professor of Fine Arts at Central Washington State University and living at 207 So. Ruby St., Ellensburg, Wash. 98926. Michelle MacKellar Du Vivier (Mrs. Paul) is a conference inter¬ preter at the United Nations in New York and her husband is director of a museum in Princeton, N.J. Their address is Box 335, Crosswicks, N.J. 08515. Russell Fellows and wife Sarah Crum are living on a farm in Jeffersonville, Vt. 05464. Sally Brown Wiley (Mrs. Stephen) is studying for a Master’s in education at Columbia Teachers’ College. Her New York address is 509 W. 121st St., Apt 311, N.Y. 10027. Mildred Spillane Pease (Mrs. James) and her family, which now includes Melissa, bom Dec. 20, 1972 and Aimee, born Jan. 9, 1974, are living at 16263 Midwood Dr., Granada Hills, Calif. 91344. Her husband was transferred to California in September by Connecticut General Life Insurance Co. Linda Johnson is an executive secretary with Northeast Petroleum Industries in Chelsea, Mass. She lives at 300 Park Terrace Dr., Melrose 02176. Louis McGraw is production mana¬ ger with Davis and Geek in Puerto Rico. His address is PO Box 842, Dorado, P.R. Blaine Doherty is a managerial trainee with Toronto Dominion in London, Ontario. His address is 757 Ladybrook Crescent, London, Canada. Jeffrey Herre is working in intelli¬ gence for the U.S. Government in Wash¬ ington Magna Leffler Dodge (Mrs. David), a first-year student in Harvard’s two-year MBA program, has been awarded the Paul W. Kesten Memorial Fellowship. The fel¬ lowship is given to outstanding students entering the first year at the School who are preparing for careers in communications or marketing. John L McMahan, Jr., Sec. Box 317 New Lebanon, N.Y. 12125 Mary MacArthur Wendell, Sec. 417 Hillside St. Milton, Mass. 02186 Jett Smith has received a Master’s in inter¬ national management from Thunderbird Graduate School of International Manage¬ ment. He is now a credit analyst in the International Dept, of Fidelity Bank in Philadelphia. His address is 27 E. Baltimore Pike, Media 19036. Cathy Gilliam Temey (Mrs. Leroy) is an English teacher at Hepp- ner Junior High School in Heppner, N.Y. Her address is Box 611, Heppner 97836. This January' the Kipp Insurance Agency of Orleans, Vt., became licensed to broker real estate transactions with Steven Kipp designated the resident principal broker. Bradley Addison is an attorney with Loeb and Loeb in Los Angeles and is living at 19115 Gayle Pi., Los Angeles 91356. An¬ drew Rothschild is a carpenter with the Lancaster Construction Co. His address is Route 1, Box 163, Grantsville, W. Va. 26147. Theodore Gage is a graduate student in anthropology at the University of Washing¬ ton. He lives at 4737^ Twelfth Ave., N.E., Seattle 98105. Dr. Walter Beagley has been promoted to assistant professor of psychol¬ ogy at Emory University. The address for him and his wife, Gwyneth Hill, is 1175 Kingsley Circle, Atlanta, Ga. 30324. Jean Baldwin joined the law firm of Joseph Pal- misan of Barre, Vt. in January. She has been with State’s Attorney Robert Gagnon’s office since May, 1972 and was named Washing¬ ton County assistant state’s attorney in No- 24 MIDDLEBURY vember, 1972. Wendy Cole is working for Delta Air Lines at Logan Field in Boston and is living at 60 Pleasant St., Marblehead 01945. Sandra Sapp Dooley (Mrs. John) is on educational leave until next September as a social worker for the Vermont Depart¬ ment of Social and Rehabilitation Services and is a full-time student in the Master’s program in counseling at the University of Vermont. She expects to complete her de¬ gree requirements by the end of the sum¬ mer. Her address is Manor Woods, Apt. 8, Kennedy Dr., South Burlington 05401. While David Nelson is serving his com¬ mitment in the Army at Ft. Campbell, Ky., wife Juliane Wallace Nelson is a full-time student in the Graduate School of Manage¬ ment at Vanderbilt University. Their address is 1326-B Werner Park, Fort Campbell 42223. Susan Bieniek Sheehan (Mrs. Rich¬ ard) has been taking courses at State Uni¬ versity of New York at Geneseo to obtain teacher certification. Her address is 29 Fort Hill Ave., Canandaigua, N.Y. 14424. Ann Barker Olson (Mrs. Alan) is a full-time stu¬ dent at the University of Texas in El Paso and expects to complete requirements for her Bachelor’s in economics this summer. Husband Alan, stationed at Fort Bliss, is studying for a Master’s in engineering at the University. Their address is 203 Sheri¬ dan Rd., Fort Bliss 79916. Monique Da- voust Whall (Mrs. Clifford) is curator at the Four Winds Art Gallery in Ferrisburg, Vt. where she arranges exhibits of paintings, prints, jewelry, furniture, carpets, and sculp¬ ture; guides visitors through the gallery; prepares biographies of artists; sells artists’ works, and keeps an inventoiy for the gal¬ lery. She and Clifford live at 1111 -B Ethan Allen Ave., Winooski, Vt. 05404. m Alexander T. Daignault, Jr., Sec. ^7 | J Painters Ln., Box 292 / Cockeysville, Md. 21030 Beth L. Prasse, Sec. 173 Newbury St. Boston, Mass. 02116 Jamyn Moore Sheff (Mrs. Paul) is a part- time teacher and secretary to the faculty at Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N.H. 03770. Christopher Fox will be working with the law firm of Lynch, Ketcham and Foley in Middlebury following his gradua¬ tion from law school. Christopher Morris is a force and training manager with the New England Telephone Co. in Burlington, Vt. The address for him and his wife, Linda Manning ’72, is 15 Tanglewood Dr., RD 2, Winooski 05404. Jane French Carpenter (Mrs. David) will be assistant professor of Spanish at Bates College in the fall. She is finishing work on her PhD thesis for Cor¬ nell. Robert Apple is a planner with the Central Vermont Regional Planning Com¬ mission. The address for him and wife Sally Redpath '70 is Cameron Rd., RFD 1, Plain- field Vt. 05667. Harry Zinn is working as a carpenter with A. B. Herrick of Blue Hill, Me. His address is Box 231, Blue Hill 04614. Gerry Rowland is a Pfc. in the Army. His address is C Btry , 1/22 FA, APO New York 09070. Susan Hunley Noonan (Mrs. Tommy) is a free-lance graphic artist with ABC Evening News in Washington, D.C. Her address is Route 2, Box 172, Purcellville, Va. 22132. Sanford Nooney has his own business, “Signs and Designs by Sandy Nooney,” in Dover, N.H. He lives at 9 Fern St., Dover 03820. Barbara Ottinger is a part-time photography teacher at California Institute of the Arts and co-manager of Jones Grainmill in Los Angeles. She lives at 1815 No. Bronson Ave., Hollywood 90028. Nancy Roberts is a student at Pace Univer¬ sity Graduate School of Nursing and lives at 242 Bedford Rd., Pleasantville, N.Y. 10570. Claude Roessiger is managing di¬ rector of Ocor Products Corp. in Mirror Lake, N.H. 03853. Wilfred Shepardson is with the Red Cross and is manager of Tanohi-Jing Tibeta Camp. His address is c/o Hotel Annapurna, Pokhana, Nepal. Cary and Suzanne Ferraris Valby arc living at 304 Suburban Ct., Rochester, N.Y. 14620. Gary is a lawyer with Ninon, Hargrave, Devans and Doyle. Lt. Paul Bohlen is at¬ tending rotary-wing flight-training class at Ft. Rucker, Ala. until November. His address is USAAS ORWAC Class 74-34, Ft. Rucker 36360. Robert Van Wert is an apprentice horse trainer at the Rokeby Stables in El- mont, NY.. His address is Belmont Park, Box 356, Elmont 11003. John Krasnow is employed as a creative writer by CBS. Paul Grover is audio-visual coordinator in the University of Illinois College of Vet¬ erinary Medicine. He is living at 1708 Valley Rd., Urbana 61801. Dennis F. Shanahan, Sec. Maureen O'Bryan Shanahan, Sec. 2969 Lawton PI. St. Louis, Mo. 83103 Patti McConville has joined the Interna¬ tional Photographic Division at Kodak in Rochester, N.Y., working in international advertising. She is living at 303 W. Squire Dr., Apt. 3, Rochester 14623. Stephen Sawyer and wife Patricia Young ’70 are liv¬ ing at 29 May St., Worcester, Mass. 01610. Stephen is a graduate student in geography at Clark University. Judith Irving is an en¬ vironmental educator with the Vermont Institute of Natural Science in Woodstock, Vt. Her address is Box 105, So. Strafford, Vt. 05070. Jon Groetzinger has accepted a position with the Manchester (N.H.) law firm of McLane, Graf, Greene and Brown, after his graduation from Cornell Law School this spring. Glenn Geiger is a student at Suffolk Law School in Boston and lives at 40 Ocean Ave., Apt. 2, Winthrop, Mass. 02152. John Battle is a student at Columbia Graduate School of Architecture and Plan¬ ning and living at 211 W. 106th St., Apt. ll-A, New York 10025. Peter Nestlcr is an estate and pension analyst with the De¬ ferred Benefits Corp. in E. Orange, N.J. and living at 56 Whittredge Rd., Summit 07901. Robert Bianchetti is a mortgage analyst with New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. in Boston and living at 1256 Beacon S| . VVaban 021( 18. Russell Platt is a student in the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of Michigan. He lives at 1815 Villag< Green Ln., Ann Arbor 18105. W il¬ liam Post is assistant to the president of CB Sports, Inc. in Bennington, Vt. The address for him and wife Paula Morgan is General Delivery, Manchester Center 05254. Churchill Franklin is in the training pro¬ gram of Tlie First National Bank of Boston, lie and wife Janet Halstead ’72 are living at 124 Fayette St., Watertown, Mass. 02172. Pamela Philipp took courses at Southern Illinois University and worked part-time until March 30 when she went to Kabwe, Zambia to teach at the Dominican Convent, PO Box 40, Kabwe, Zambia, Central Africa. William II. Everett, Sec. 7-A Court St. Middlebury, Vt. 05753 Cynthia Bear, Sec. 255 E. 61st St., Apt. 3-B New York, N.Y. 10021 Ensign Steven Thomas is navigator aboard the USS Finer with home port in Charles¬ ton, S.C. The Finer expected to deploy to the Mediterranean from January through August and because of his language train¬ ing at Middlebury, Steve has been appointed group liaison officer for NATO exercises. His address is USS Furer DEG 6, FPO New York 09501. Mark and Sally Davidson Foster arc living at 79 Western Ave., No., St. Paul 55102. Mark has begun his first year at William Mitchell College of Law and Sally is an admissions counselor for Hamline University. Janet Boothby is work¬ ing for a Master’s in animal science at the University of New Hampshire. She is living at 314 Kendell Hall, UNH, Durham 03824. John Carter is a student at Stanford Uni¬ versity School of Education. Anne Marvin has finished classes for a Master’s in his¬ tory museum studies and American folk culture at Cooperstown Graduate Programs in Cooperstown, N.Y. During February and March she was a consultant with the curatorial department of the State Board of History near Albany, N.Y. In the middle of April she joined the research staff of Conner Prairie Pioneer Settlement, a “living history” museum in Noblesville, Ind. Emily Palmer is a Slavic cataloguer with Xerox University Microfilms in Ann Arbor, Mich, and lives at 820 Fuller Rd., Apt. 206, Ann Arbor 48104. Ruth Dunncll is a graduate student in East Asian studies at the Uni¬ versity of Washington and lives at 4548-20th Ave., N.E., Seattle 98109. Hope Vail is a graduate student at the School of Allied Medical Professions in Philadelphia. Her address is 45 Hobart Ave., Short Hills, N.J. 07078. 2nd Lt. Christine Sienicki is in the SPRING 1974 25 Air Force, stationed in Thailand. Her ad¬ dress is Box 1382, APO San Francisco 96310. Lucy McCarthy is an MA candidate, specializing in guidance and counseling at Catholic University of America School of Education. She is counseling two evenings a week in a dormitory at The Washington School of the Ballet. Last year she was assistant registrar at International School of Law in Washington. She lives at 3720 Macomb, N.W., Apt. 205, Washington 20016. Henry Liles is an interpreter with Colum¬ bia Artist Management in New York. He lives at 310 W. 18th St., New York 10011. Peter Hope is a VISTA volunteer in Bethel, Vt. His address is Camp Brook Rd., Bethel 05032. Mauro Casci is a student at New York University Law School and living at 227 President St., Brooklyn 11231. Martha Armstrong Stamp (Mrs. Patrick) is an in¬ school tutor at Morrison Memorial School in East Corinth, Me. Her address is Head Resident, Stoddar Hall, University of Maine, (l] 0447 • lull.i Page Paton Mrs Wil¬ liam) is a student at the University of Missouri in St. Louis. She lives at 8833 Burton Ave., Overland 63114. Alice True is a research correspondent with the National Geographic Society in Washington, and is living at 3502 Patterson St., N.W., Wash¬ ington 20015. Paul Lehman is a first-year student in community organization and so¬ cial planning at the University of Chicago. He is living at 1605 E. 50th St., Apt. 5-E, Chicago 60615. Jane Baird is a special school’s counselor at the Minnesota Braille and Sight-Saving School. She lives at 15 N.E. Sixth Ave., Faribault 55021. Mark Zuroff is a credit analyst with the U.S. Trust Corp. in Boston and lives at 107 Brayton Rd., Brighton 02135. Susan Clark Miller (Mrs. Charles) is an assistant recorder at Indiana University Graduate School. She is living at 426 E. 15th St., Apt. 24, Bloom¬ ington 47401. Sheila Swain Acey (Mrs. Ray¬ mond) is office manager with Infodex in w aterbury. (Jonn. and living at 171 Pleasant St., New Britain 06051. Mark Ellenberger, as a conscientious objector since September, 1972, has been doing civilian alternate draft service at the Child Care Center in Evanston, Ill. Sarah Sweetser is an assistant in restora¬ tion to the architect of the National Park Service in Philadelphia and is living at 616 Spruce St., Apt. 1, Philadelphia 19106. Charlene Fulton is a U.S. customs official at the Montreal airport. Her address: 150 Dorval Ave., Apt. 1409, Dorval, Que. R. Lance Collistcr, Sec. 24 Trenton Sq. Euclid, O. 14143 Kathryn Frazier 213 Cronkhite Graduate Center Harvard University Cambridge, Mass. 02138 Susan Crandell is an editorial assistant for Flying magazine, a division of Ziff-Davis in New York City. She lives at 140 Stuyve- sant Ave., Kearney, N.J. 07032. Sally Ander¬ son is a Watson Fellow and is spending her time in Lapland studying Lappish. Gail Glendinning is a graduate student in physics at Duke University Graduate School of Arts and Science. Her address is Box 1132, Graduate Center, Duke University, Dur¬ ham, N.C. 27706. Dag Bemtsen is a student at Oslo Larerskole (Teacher’s College). He and his wife, Marie Loken (former ski in¬ structor at Middlebury) are planning on buying a farm in Norway in the spring. Their address is Novelsgate 17, Oslo 2. Peter Goodwin is ski coach and a teacher of physics at the Kent School, Kent, Conn. 06757. John Coleman is a group adminis¬ trative representative with Connecticut Gen¬ eral Life Insurance Co. in Boston. He lives at 26 Chestnut St., Wakefield 01880. Johanna Smith is assistant tribunal admin¬ istrator with the American Arbitration As¬ sociation in Boston. She lives at 220 St. Paul St., Apt. 21, Brookline 02146. Chris Duncan began work in January at Packer Collegiate Institute in Brooklyn as an as¬ sistant in science and mathematics for grades 5 and 6. He is living at 179 Steuben St., Brooklyn 11205. Christopher Schultz is a student at Boston University Law School and living at 70 Montcalm Ave., Brighton 02135. Page Dabney is a lift operator with Vail Associates. His address is General De¬ livery, Vail, Colo. 81657. Bill Brunger and wife Melinda Held are both teaching Eng¬ lish at the National College of Choueifat in Beinit, Labanon. Their address is Box 5520, Beirut. Richard Hayes is operations analyst with the First National Bank of Miami. His address is Gallowood Apts., Apt. 215-E, 8475 SAV. 94th St., Miami 33156. Duane Kline is a staff reporter with the Wyoming Eagle in Cheyenne. He lives at 2812 Pine Dr., Cheyenne 82001. Betsy Beyer Hill (Mrs. Malcolm) is a second-year graduate student in the doctoral program in geology at the University of California at Santa Cruz. Her husband, an MIT graduate, is also doing graduate work in geology, there. Pamela Taft is teaching in Hamburg, Germany. Her address is 2 Hamburg 63, Klein Horst 1-B. Wesley Rivel is a real es¬ tate agent with Tony Scrivener Real Estate in Washington, D.C. and is living at 1920 “S” St., N.W., Apt. 706, Washington 20009. MASTERS OQ Frank W. Putnam, former member of the Williston Academy faculty, died July 8, 1973 in Easthampton. In his forty- three years at Williston he taught physics and later German and was head of the Modern Language Department. In 1973 the Frank W. Putnam Award was established to be awarded each year to a student for outstanding accomplishment in track. He is survived by his wife. OQ Catherine E. Dodge, 72, died Dec. 9 in Concord, N.H. From 1925 to 1952 she taught English at Needham (Mass.) High School and was made head of the English department in 1935. In 1952 she became head of the English department at St. Mary’s Hall in San Antonio, Tex. and in 1957, registrar and dean of students, there. She retired in 1968. a book of poetry. Some Outstanding Busi¬ ness, published by Dorrance and Co. He has also completed a novel for children en¬ titled Philip's Extraordinary Adventures on the Planet Thear. William Altmann has joined the ad- U-L missions staff of Manchester (Conn.) Community College as a vocational coun¬ selor and placement officer. University of Cincinnati in August, 1973. He is now assistant professor in German at Texas A & M University. OH Allen Hye and wife Roberta Tracy ^ • Hye are living with Courtney Anne, 3, and Carsten Allen, 1, at 510 Ellen St., Helleriown, Pa. 18055. Allen is assistant professor of German at Lehigh University and Roberta is writing her PhD thesis. /?0 Jennie Celona, a member of the UC) foreign language department at Worcester (Mass.) State College, left for Cairo in February to spend a month as a consultant in French at Cairo American College. She was to analyze their present programs in French and in the teaching of English as a foreign language, as well as providing demonstrations of contemporary approaches to teaching a foreign language. u r. uomimc JJiorio and Mary Ann Genova Diorio are the parents of Lia Cristina, bom Oct. 30, 1973. Hf) Susan Reeves Fiksdal (Mrs.) is teach- • V ing French and other subjects at Evergreen State College, a new experi¬ mental college in Olympia, Wash. The cur¬ riculum changes each year and is planned by the entire faculty. Susan’s address is Route 8, Box 344-E, Olympia 88502. TO Charles VO Weston Hatch, English teacher at (Mass.) High School, has had 64 Verne Rudebusch completed work fo a PhD in German literature at th 72 James W. Newell and Sarah M. Bowen were married in October. 26 M1DDLEBURY Over 150 years ago the College first offered German—and heard Commencement orations in French- today it is preeminent in graduate-level, summer language study. After long involvement in language study, Middlebury founded its Summer Language Schools in 1915. From the author’s forthcoming history, here is the story of The First 11 ^ Y ears By Stephen A. Freeman, Director-emeritus of the Language Schools When Professor Lilian L. Stroebe of Vassar opened the Middlebury College German Summer School on June 29, 1915 in Pearsons Hall, it was the first ad¬ vanced, specialized and isolated summer school of a modern language in any college in the country. It marked the beginning of Middlebury's international reputation in the teaching of modern languages and of its specific contribution to the education of language teachers. Fraulein Stroebe has the distinction of synthesizing many different ideas, theories, and experiments that were current at the time. It was an idea whose time had come. It started a chain reaction. The Middlebury French Summer School was begun the next summer, the Spanish School in 1917, and the Bread Loaf School of English in 1920. Middlebury College can pride itself on showing an interest in modern languages early in its history, and at about the same time as other older colleges of the day. In the Colonial period, the study of the Euro¬ pean languages occurred chiefly in the French Catholic missions to the Indians; among groups of non-English settlers (Germans in Pennsylvania and Spanish in Florida) ; and among wealthy English-speaking colo¬ nists where French was taught as a polite accomplish¬ ment by private tutors and governesses. Franklin aided in introducing French and German into the University of Pennsylvania about 1754. Dr Freeman, who became Dean of the French School at Middlebury in 1925 and directed the Summer Language Schools from 1946 to 1970, is completing a history of the Middlebury Language Schools, 1915-1970, which will be published in 1975 in connection with the celebration of the College's 175th anniversary. As background, his opening chapter traces the history of modern- language study in the 19th century at Middle¬ bury, and summarizes the competing philosophies of language instruction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. We present here some portions of this chapter leading up to the circumstances in which the first Middlebury Language School was founded in 1915. Thomas Jefferson helped to establish the first profes¬ sorship of modern languages in this country in 1779 at the College of William and Mary. French was taught in Harvard College in 1735, but only intermittently until 1817 when George Ticknor was appointed to the Smith Professorship of French and Spanish. At Har¬ vard in 1825, Carl Follen was assigned to teach Ger¬ man along with church history and ethics. Princeton— then the College of New Jersey—added French in 1772; Columbia introduced it in 1784, Williams in 1795, Yale not until 1825. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was made professor of modern languages at Bowdoin in 1825. He followed Ticknor at Harvard from 1836 to 1854, and was himself succeeded by James Russell Lowell in 1854. The new branch of learning was not at once recognized as a regular part of the curriculum, and often it was not credited toward a degree. The first professorship of languages was established at Middlebury College in 1810, with Rev. Oliver Hul- burd as “Professor of the Learned Languages." But this meant Greek and Latin; there is no mention of the modern languages. Greek, Latin, and Hebrew were really professional or vocational subjects, not pri¬ marily part of the liberal arts curriculum, at that time; they were required of students “lest we leave an illiter¬ ate ministry to the churches." Still, when Frederick Hall, Professor of Natural Philosophy, returned to Middlebury in 1809, laden with trunks of books and scientific apparatus, after two exciting years spent mostly in Paris, he began at once to exert a powerful cosmopolitan influence upon the college and its cur¬ riculum. Then Robert Bridges Patton (AB, Yale 1817, AB, Middlebury 1818, AM, Middlebury 1820) was ap¬ pointed Tutor of Languages in 1817, then Professor of Languages, 1818-25. He proceeded to acquire the PhD degree from the University of Gottingen in 1821. Middlebury offers its first modern language The results of Hall's and Patton's influence were SPRING 1974 27 Prof. John Hough DD *45 soon felt. In the 1821 Catalog, under “Senior Studies through the year,” the following phrase appears: . . The Hebrew and German Languages, to such members of the class as wish to obtain a knowledge of them.” On the same page are indicated—“Lectures on Philology for the Junior and Senior Classes.” In 1822, the Catalog, again under “Senior Studies through the year,” indicates more precisely: “On Saturdays, the German Language.” It is noteworthy that Patton in¬ troduced German at Middlebury three years before Follen introduced it at Harvard. Also in 1822, Jean Baptiste Meilleur of Montreal inserted in the National Standard, Middlebury’s weekly newspaper, the following notice: “French School. The subscriber, having come to the United States for the purpose of acquiring a knowledge of the English Lan¬ guage, and having accomplished that object, proposes to open a School in Middlebury to instruct those Ladies and Gentlemen who may wish, in his vernacular lan¬ guage. The elementary principles of the French Lan¬ guage, the Etymology of words, and Accentuation will be taught viva voce by way of lectures . . Directly below it, the Middlebury Female Academy of Mrs. Parsons announced that “The Winter Quarter has commenced. . . . She has made arrangements with Mr. Lange to give lessons in French to her scholars, either one or two in a day as desired.” Six weeks later in early 1823, the same paper pub¬ lished this advertisement: “Medical School. The An¬ nual Summer Term of Dr. J. A. Allen’s Medical School will commence the first Tuesday of April next . . . [there follows a list of medical courses offered] . . . also a course consisting of at least two Lectures a week on the French Language, on a new and improved plan by Monsieur Jean Baptiste Meilleur. Those who attend Mr. Meilleur’s instruction can by proper attention ac¬ quire a sufficient knowledge to read and translate the French Language with dispatch, which is of much importance to Medical Gentlemen. Terms 6 dollars. Instruction likewise during the term to any who desire it, in the German Language, by Professor R. B. Patton.” M. Meilleur recognized the need for suitable texts. In March, 1823 appeared this Literary Notice: “Ready for the press and will be immediately published at this 0 f^ ce —‘A Compendium of the Principles of the French Language, containing all that is necessary and nothing superfluous, compiled from the best French Classical Writers, by Monsieur J. B. Meilleur.’ ” Unfortunately, no trace of this book has been found.* Other schools in the village also offered instruction in French at this time. A school advertised by William Deere in March 1823, to be held “in the new Brick School House in the western district” (the Addison County Grammar School) announced that “the French Language will be taught by Monsieur J. B. Meilleur, whose Method and capacity in teaching his native lan¬ guage has gained him the approbation of the con¬ noisseurs therein.” And in May of that year, Mrs. Parsons announced that the Summer Quarter of her Boarding School would commence, and among other sub¬ jects offered were “Latin and French including Paint¬ ing; terms of tuition $6.” None of these schools was connected with the College, but it is certain that some of the college students took advantage of the instruc¬ tion. The next step was to give students in the College an opportunity to demonstrate their accomplishments publicly. In the Commencement program of 1823, there were orations in Latin, Greek, English, and French. The title of the French oration was “Sur la Clepsydre” (on the water clock). There was also a German colloquy, presented by three seniors. In the 1824 Commencement exercises, there were orations in Hebrew and German. In the years immediately following, there was no French or German oration, although the Hebrew ora¬ tion was continued for several years. J. L. Russo in his book on Lorenzo da Ponti (1922) says: “By a curious coincidence, 1825 marks the date at which the first two chairs of Italian were estab¬ lished at Harvard and Columbia, respectively, with Pietro Bachi and Lorenzo da Ponti as professors.” •M. Meilleur is listed in the Middlebury College Catalog of 1824 as a student in the Senior Class of Castleton Medical College, then a part of Middlebury College. Already the possessor of an LLD degree, he received his MD degree from Castleton in 1826. He returned shortly thereafter to Montreal, where he became a prominent citizen and, it is reported, was elected Mayor. 28 MIDDLEBURY And later Russo gives a letter of da Ponti, written in New York, November 7, 1824, which says: “Last week, I sent fifteen grammars, as many dictionaries, and some Italian books to Mr. Patton, professor in Middle- bury College, where the Italian Language is much studied, and where they have a fine library of classical works of our authors.’'* Perhaps the best evidence of Professor Patton’s interest in Italian appears in the 1824 “Catalogue of Books Belonging to the Library of the Philological So¬ ciety of Middlebury College.” Besides many grammars and dictionaries, there are 66 Italian classical works— Dante, Ariosto, Boccaccio, Castiglione, Da Vinci, etc., most of them published in Milan between 1802 and 1809. This section is far more numerous than the 17 titles in German literature—Schiller, Goethe, Lessing; only ten titles of French classics appear—Boileau, Corneille, Racine, Pascal, Stael, Voltaire; while in Spanish, there was only a four-volume set of Calderon. French and Spanish added Thus the first instruction in modern languages offered by the College was in German (1821) and probably Italian (1824), both taught by Prof. Patton. His successor was the first to offer French and Spanish. In 1825, Prof. Patton having resigned, Rev. John Hough became Professor of Languages. Although pri¬ marily a classicist, he inserted in the catalog of 1827 and thereafter, under the heading “Extra Studies,” the following note: “Assistance is likewise furnished to all who wish to obtain a knowledge of the Hebrew, French, German, Spanish and Italian languages. And for the acquisition of any of these languages . . . great facilities are furnished by the free access to a Philo¬ logical Library, which is open an hour every day under the superintendence of the Professor of Languages.” It would appear that students could hardly do very extensive reading in the daily hour; also, ink was strictly prohibited in the Library room. In 1832, there was a French oration in the Com¬ mencement program and a Spanish oration appeared in the Senior Class Exhibition in 1837. Thereafter foreign language orations disappeared from the Com¬ mencement exercises; they could not have been very popular with the general audience. French vs. German Language study continued, however, and soon be¬ came a part of the regular curriculum rather than an “extra study.” When the Winter Term of ten weeks, December to February, was instituted in 1837 for the benefit of students who supported themselves by teach¬ ing school in fall and spring, Hebrew, German, or French was one of the assigned subjects for juniors and seniors. In 1838, French was given both as an Prof. Rensselaer Robbins ’35 Prof. Edwin H. Higley '68 assigned and “extra” study, Hebrew and German dis¬ appearing for the moment. Then John Hough became Professor of English and Solomon Stoddard was made Professor of Languages. He offered Hebrew, French, or German from 1841 to 1843, when the Winter Term was given up, and only Latin and Greek were taught through 1847. In 1848 German was added as a “regular study” for second-term Juniors, the only modern lan¬ guage offered, by Rensselaer Robbins ’35, Professor of Languages (and later Professor of Greek and Ger¬ man), until 1872. A national trend toward German is evident at that time. Nationwide, the strong early interest in modern languages did not show steady growth in spite of the prestige of men like Ticknor and Longfellow. Until a decade after the Civil War, professorships and require¬ ments—either for admission or for the degree—were alternately instituted and dropped in most of the major colleges. After the American Revolution, French had generally been the more popular language, partly as a cultural subject, partly also because of the colonies’ gratitude toward the French, sustained by close po¬ litical ties until after the War of 1812. German was still under a cloud because of colonial indignation against the Hessian mercenaries. Sympathies changed, however, during and after the Napoleonic wars. Religious people reacted against the deistic and atheistic philosophies of Voltaire and of Diderot, while there was great enthusiasm for the idealistic thinking of Kant and Schelling, discovered and popularized by the Transcendentalists. New edu¬ cational methods in Germany, reported by Bancroft and Edward Everett, were followed with interest and even copied in American schools. It became the goal of American graduate students in literature, philoso¬ phy, and philology to acquire a German doctorate, and ‘This was brought to my attention by Prof. Kenneth McKenzie of Princeton. SPRING 1974 29 Chart at left shows years in which each of ten languages has been offered at Middlcbury, in either the undergraduate or graduate school, or both. Precise dates for each language are these: Latin 1800- 197A; Hebrew 71821-37, '41-48, 1909; German 1821, '27-31, '37, ' 41 -'AS, 1848-1974; French 1827-43, 1880-1974; Italian 18247-31, 1932-74; Spanish 1827-31, 1908-09, 1917-74; Russian 1943-74; Chinese 1966-74; Japanese 1970-74. many hundreds studied at Gottingen, Heidelberg, and spread of the elective system had greatly encouraged elsewhere. The result was an increased interest in the their study, and increasingly some knowledge of one study of German. Still, enrollments were small, and modern language was becoming a requirement for ad- finances for professorships limited. Even in 1885, in mission or for a degree. Consequently, study of French twenty of the major Eastern universities, there were and German in the secondary schools had increased only 31 professorships of German, 22 of French, and and these secondary school teachers were looking to ten for either Spanish or Italian. Middlebury shows the colleges for help and guidance in textbooks and up well by comparison, maintaining instruction in methods. “modern languages” continuously after the Civil War. The rapid expansion of interest and enrollments in modern language study, not only in the United States Modern Language Association organized but j n Europe as well, gave rise to much discussion I he year 1883 is a milestone in the teaching of of its objectives and to intensive speculation and ex¬ modern languages. Sentiment had been growing that perimentation on new methods of achieving those the modern languages should be considered as equals objectives. <>t Gieek and Latin in the college curriculum, and that There was naturally great disagreement on the the Ameiican Philological Association did not meet “proper” objectives—intellectual and linguistic disci- the needs of modern language teachers. Under the pline, literary appreciation, cultural information, com- leadership ol A. Marshall Elliott of Johns Hopkins, munication, tool skill, etc. There were violent profes- the Modern Language Association of America was sional battles over the proper “best” method to be used, founded at a meeting at Columbia University, at Christmas, 1883, with thirty-two members. The object Teaching methods debated ot this organization was the advancement of the In an attempt to solve some of the problems and stud> of model n languages and their literatures/ arbitrate some of the debates, the Modern Language From the start, it had to contend with the teachers Association and the National Education Association of the classics who reluctantly relinquished their pri- in 1897 jointly sponsored a Committee of Twelve, macy, with the unscholarly native speakers who taught whose Report assessed, one by one the five principal a superficial fluency as a social accomplishment, and teaching methods then under discussion—the Gram- with the philologists and natural scientists who saw mar, Natural, Series, Phonetic, and Reading methods. m “ ( ^dem languages onJy a scientific tool. The “Grammar” method, sometimes called the The first task of the MLA was to survey current “Grammar-Translation” method, is modelled logically conditions of instruction in modern languages. The upon the one being used to teach Latin and Greek. 30 MIDDLEBURY ■ Prof. Edward D. Collins The pupil learns the paradigms, rules, exceptions, and examples by heart. Small bits of the foreign literature are carefully analyzed and translated, as illustrations of the grammatical principles. The foreign language is never spoken; pronunciation is of secondary im¬ portance. Stating that this method had already fallen into discredit, the Report conceded that it trains the memory and forms an excellent exercise in close rea¬ soning and logical thinking. On the other hand, the Report admitted that it brings little contact with the ideas and culture of the foreign country, and does not inspire interest in the pupils. At the opposite pedagogical pole was the “Natural” method, which had been created in Boston by Lambert Sauveur and Th. Heness in the late 1860s. The method seeks the closest possible approximation to the way a two-year-old learns his mother tongue—hence, the “natural” method. The teacher points and names; the pupil points and repeats. The teacher performs an act and describes it; the pupil mimics and repeats. English is completely excluded; there is no translation; French or German is used from the very beginning; grammar is learned by induction but not explained; pronuncia¬ tion is learned by imitation only; the pupil sees in print only what he is already familiar with aurally and orally. Literature and culture are relegated to the last lessons; Sauveur uses the fables of La Fontaine and a few literary anecdotes and references. The method found immediate success and aroused a furor of criticism and opposition. Conservatives of the “grammar” method pointed out quite truly that the natural method treated adults as two-year-olds, not taking advantage of their maturity, and that it ignored the fact that they had already acquired in¬ grained habits of pronunciation and vocabulary and merely substituted sounds rather than imitating ex¬ actly. Other critics claimed that a good speaking knowledge is impossible to attain, useless even if at¬ tained, and not the proper objective of an education. The Report granted that the “natural” method stim¬ ulated much more pupil interest and even enthusiasm than the “grammar” method; that it is a good supple¬ ment for those who have had training in grammar and reading; and that it will have a “vivifying influ¬ ence” upon the profession. Everyone agreed that “everything depends upon the teacher.” Sauveur was beyond doubt a gifted teacher, a brilliant conversa¬ tionalist, possessing skill, wit, and a great store of information. A more systematic technique, originated by Francois Gouin, was known variously as the “Series” method or the “Psychological” method. Gouin, born in 1831 and educated in France, went to Germany to complete his studies in philosophy. He relates that he made a dismal failure of learning German by the usual, classi¬ cal method; but studying the way his three-year-old nephew had learned his mother tongue, he discovered the new system which he describes in The Art of Teaching and Studying Languages. This method endeavors to apply to the “natural” method the more sophisticated principles of associa¬ tion of ideas. Groups of closely related idiomatic phrases are worked out orally, by sequences of images, and memorized by repetition and reworking. Panto¬ mime and imagination are highly important. English may be used when necessary; grammar is explained when useful. Objective images lead gradually to sub¬ jective series. Vocabulary is stressed, but always in context. Pronunciation is only imitative. Reading and literature are postponed until very late or neglected entirely. Phonetic, Reading, and Eclectic Methods Correct pronunciation, which had been neglected in the methods so far discussed, is the basis of the “Phonetic” method, originated by Wilhelm Vietor, with the publication (in 1880) of a brochure: Der Sprachunterricht nmss umkehren. (“There must be a revolution in language instruction”). It also became known in Europe as the “Reform” method. The method was widely popular in Germany, and was also current in France, aided by the journal Maxtre Phonetique, which urged the use of its international phonetic alphabet. The “Phonetic” method, like the “Natural” and the “Psychological” systems, is an oral method. Instruc¬ tion begins with scientific training of the ear and the vocal organs, rather than by imitation, as before. SPRING 1974 31 All out for stickball? No, a tableau from the 1910 Roman play wherein one “G. Piso” says to his wife , “Take the keys, dear ” and goes off to jail. Charts and diagrams are used; sounds are studied and reproduced in isolation and in combination. When printed texts are introduced, they are exclusively in phonetic notation, gradually increasing in difficulty. Standard orthography is hidden for several months. The foreign language is used as exclusively as pos¬ sible, but scientific explanations are given in English. Grammar is presented inductively, much later. There is very little reading of literature. The “Phonetic” method seeks to compensate for this lack by intro¬ ducing large quantities of cultural objects, called “ realia ”—pictures, maps, objects from daily life. The discovery of the importance of “realia” was quickly utilized by most teachers, whatever the method used. The “Phonetic” method was attempted in some schools in the United States and widely discussed be¬ tween 1900 and 1915, but never widely adopted, chiefly for lack of trained phoneticians, or even teachers with a knowledge of phonetics. But the importance of good pronunciation, scientifically taught, was brought forcibly to public attention. It is noteworthy that the Middlebury Language Schools responded early with well-organized courses in phonetics for teachers, and even developed one of the earliest phonetics labora¬ tories. The “phonetic” method had the disadvantage of postponing the reading of literature until too late for the usual American secondary-school language course. Students also complained of the time lost in learning a whole new alphabet. Finally, the “Reading” method is a sort of second line of defense for the conservatives. Starting with a realistic appraisal of the situation in most high schools at that time, where a poorly prepared teacher with a large class had four hours a week for two years to achieve some end result, the Report decides that the chief objective must be the reading of good literature with some enjoyment. To arrive at this, the “Reading” method ignores pronunciation and oral work, reduces grammar to its bare essentials, and introduces the reading of selected texts at the very beginning. Abun¬ dant practice in translation at sight, it is hoped, will lead the pupil as rapidly as possible to direct reading without translating. The Report maintains that this method will develop the pupil’s literary taste and in¬ crease his vocabulary, but admits that it lacks stimulus and vivacity; it is also demoralizing for the teacher, for it gives him no incentive to improve his mastery of the language. Since the Middlebury schools were founded primarily for the improvement of the lan¬ guage teacher, the Middlebury attitude toward the “reading” method, even in 1915, is obvious. Several other terms have been used to describe methods being discussed in 1915. In France, the term “methode directe” came into large use. It was a version of the “reform” method in Germany. The “pure” Methode Directe starts with a clean break from the mother tongue, and attempts to build thought patterns in the foreign tongue. In American schools, English is completely taboo; the pupil is totally immersed in the foreign sounds, ideas, constructions, symbols, and culture. Pronunciation is crucial from the start; the psychological series are used; grammar is taught only by induction; composition is the writing of what the pupil can already say orally. Reading is introduced gradually but is not pushed, and becomes the basis for class conversation. Translation is a contradiction of the central thesis—thinking in the foreign lan¬ guage. However feasible it might be for the high school student, the influence of this method and of the vehement discussion about it, on the Middlebury pro¬ gram for the training of teachers is very evident. It is doubtful that the Direct method was much used in its “pure” state in 1915. The younger generation of teachers in American secondary schools had repudi¬ ated the old “grammar-translation” method, and were quite dissatisfied with the dullness of the “reading” method. At the same time, they did not feel that the pure “direct” method was realistic for their own ability and for the circumstances. An Eclectic method became the compromise. It varied over a wide spectrum of considerations and gave great liberty to the individual teacher, for good or ill. The chief tenets of the best “eclectic” method were: pronunciation taught care¬ fully from the start, but without great insistence upon phonetic characters; oral presentation of material, books closed, until proper oral habits were formed; maximum use of the foreign language by the pupils in active participation; grammar taught inductively but explained in English minimally when necessary; reading in prepared texts introduced quite early, with discussion on the text in the target language but with¬ out translation; exercises in “free” composition based 32 MIDDLEBURY upon the reading and oral work, i.e., materials already familiar orally; and abundant use of realia and ma¬ terial on the foreign culture. The ideal Eclectic method makes heavy demands upon the teacher, requiring one who speaks the lan¬ guage fluently and correctly, is trained in phonetics, has mastered the grammar, and is at home in the foreign culture, literature, and civilization, its ways of thinking and doing. The teacher must also know what his objectives are in each class, the best techniques for achieving them, and the materials necessary. He must know, Anally, how the language class fits into the whole curriculum, and how it pertains to the on¬ going studies and interests of his students. It was to prepare teachers of this quality that the Middlebury Summer Language Schools were founded, beginning in 1915. Since those schools were begun within the framework of a Summer Session already in operation for six summers, that previous program is significant in Middlebury’s history. Middlebury’s Summer Sessions— precursor of the Language Schools “Middlebury College will open her doors for the first Summer Session on Tuesday, July 6th, 1909. The ses¬ sion will continue for six weeks, closing on August 13th.” So reads the Middlebury College Bulletin pub¬ lished in February 1909. Dr. Walter E. Howard, A.B., Middlebury 1871, LL.D. Ripon, Professor of History and Dean of the College, was appointed Director of the Summer Session. Tuition was $10 for one or more courses. Starr Hall was reserved for women; men roomed in Painter Hall. The room charge was $1 a week; table board was fur¬ nished at Hamlin Commons (located on a site now occupied by the Science Center) at $3.50 per week. There were three hotels in town: The Addison House, The Logan, and The Sargent, and several boarding houses for students and their families. The curriculum presented a wide range of course offerings, a real smorgasbord to choose from. Twenty- four faculty members offered a total of 46 courses, in Greek, Latin, English, German, French, Spanish, Psy¬ chology, Philosophy, Pedagogy, History of Education, History, Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Biblical Literature, Hebrew, Physical Culture, Do¬ mestic Science, Arts and Crafts, and Manual Training, including metal craft, pottery, wood carving, and bent iron work. There was also a staff of twelve special lec¬ turers. Who could fail to find something of interest in such an array? There were two good reasons for this extraordinarily ambitious start for a summer session. One was evi¬ dently to utilize the staff and facilities of the College during the summer. The other reason becomes clear in the dealings of President Thomas with the Vermont Most of the 25-man Faculty of the first Summer Session (1909) pose before Old Chapel with Dean Walter Howard ’71 and Pres. John M. Thomas ’ 90 . Session ivas forerunner of Summer Language School begun in 1915. State Board of Education and the Legislature. In October 1908, Pres. Thomas presented a petition to the Legislature for an annual grant of $6,000 to create a Department of Pedagogy. He pointed out that there was at that time no institution in Vermont which provided special teacher training for students preparing to teach in Vermont high schools and acade¬ mies. The existing normal schools trained teachers only for the primary and grammar grades. The Uni¬ versity of Vermont was receiving large grants to sup¬ port “instruction in the industrial arts,” and Norwich University likewise to support instruction in engineer¬ ing and military science. Middlebury College saw its special mission in the training of teachers in the lib¬ eral arts for the secondary schools. The annual appropriation of $6,000 was granted and a Department of Pedagogy established for the aca¬ demic year, in October 1909. Dr. Edward D. Collins, (PhD, Yale, Principal of the Vermont State Normal School) was appointed to head the new department. President Thomas reported to the Legislature the following year that the new department “had so far exceeded expectations that in the last two years the College has experienced a veritable birth of new life. Students have increased from 203 to 275.” But the money received from the State was by no means suffi¬ cient to provide for the increase, and he now petitioned for an additional appropriation of $7,600 to bring the grant up to the total received by the University of Vermont. (So great indeed was Dr. Thomas’ and Dr. Collins’ sense of mission in the training of teachers that in 1918 they had worked out a complete plan for transferring the Women’s College—land, buildings and equipment—to the State of Vermont for a “Vermont Teachers’ College,” to be operated entirely indepen¬ dently of Middlebury. Middlebury would then revert to SPRING 1974 33 an all-male school. The Middlebury Trustees put a decisive end to the plan.) All this planning and activity explains much of the character of Middlebury’s Summer Session, in its be¬ ginnings and in its later orientation as well, the pii- mary raison d’etre of the Language Schools has been the training of teachers. In 1909, Dr. Thomas had seen in the new Summer Session a chance to prove to the Legislature that the secondary-school teachers of the state urgently needed upgrading, and that Middlebury could do the job effectively. He succeeded in persuad¬ ing the State Department of Education to hold a State Summer School at Middlebury for ten days, offering instruction chiefly in Manual Training, Arts and Crafts, Domestic Science, and Pedagogy. (We would now call it a “Workshop.”) Enrollment was separate from the College Session, but teachers attending the State Summer School could also enroll in the College Session. And here was the crowning stroke: free tui¬ tion was granted in the College Summer Session to all teachers employed full-time in Vermont schools and also to all clergymen of the state. Enrollment in the 1909 College Summer Session totalled 86, of whom 45 were teachers in Vermont. The modern languages were conspicuous in the curriculum: French, German, Spanish, Hebrew, as well as English. No elementary courses were offered in French or Ger¬ man. There is no hint of special attention to the oral use of the language. The Second Summer Session, in 1910, was similar, with approximately the same courses, designed to at¬ tract everyone—teachers of all grades, high school students with admission deficiencies, college students making up work, clergymen and Bible School workers. The State Summer Session was again held in conjunc¬ tion, for the first ten days. By the Summer Session of 1913, enrollment had grown to 120, 45 men and 75 women. Fifty percent were teachers or school officers; a majority of the rest were college students. The first ten days of the classes in Domestic Science, Nature Study, and Arts and Crafts again constituted an approved State Summer School, designed primarily for teachers of rural and graded schools.* The physical expansion of the College had facilitated this increased enrollment. The completion of Pearsons Hall in the spring of 1911, and the addition of a large dining hall for 100 at the rear of Battell Cottage next to it, had given ample facility. Women were housed in •For lack of space, significant portions of the Middlebury story between 1910 and 1915 have been omitted in this article: the work of President Thomas and Edward Day Collins in the Summer Session; Skillings, Chairman of the German Dept, and later Dean of the German Summer School; Miss Minnie Hayden and her Music School; Wilfred Davison, teacher of German before he helped to found the Bread Loaf School of English; Hiram Parker Williamson and his teaching at Middlebury before, as M. de Visme, he founded the French Summer School. Prof. Lilian Stroebe Pearsons Hall and Battell Cottage; men occupied Painter and Starr. Pearsons was the center of social life; receptions, teas, and musicales were held there. The McCullough Gymnasium, completed in 1912, of¬ fered fine new equipment for indoor games. The Porter Athletic Field was opened in the spring of 1913 for outdoor sports. Tennis courts had been completed near McCullough for men, and near Pearsons for women. Teachers were the favored group, as usual. The first Summer Language School Such is the background of that June day in 1915 when Fraulein Stroebe opened in Pearsons Hall the first advanced, specialized and isolated summer school of a modern language in the United States. Nothing is ever totally new. Middlebury College had shown a strong interest in modern languages since its early days. Its six previous summer sessions beginning in 1909 had given an important place to modern lan¬ guages. Many theories of teaching method had been developed and hotly debated in this country and abroad. Many skillful teachers had organized schools and ingenious experiments for teaching some aspect of a foreign language and its culture. Public interest in modern languages had increased and the objectives of modern language study has changed through the years. All this sets the stage and helps to explain the im¬ mediate impact of the “Middlebury idea,” Fraulein Stroebe’s inspiration. Her great achievement was to crystallize realistically into a single plan the many widely varied and scattered ideas, theories, and experi¬ ments then current, and with real genius to organize them into a practical and successful school. □ 34 MIDDLEBURY Letters Fraternities To the Editor: “One thing that’s making us a bit ner¬ vous is the physical condition of the houses. . . . DU, it appears to me, has declined tremendously just in the last three years.” Tim Carey “As the gung-ho-ness went out of fra¬ ternities, so did the kind of spirit that kept them in shape.” Erica Wonnacott I cannot believe that these statements were printed. This type of exaggeration could lead alumni and anyone else who reads the News Letter , to believe that the houses are crumbling shacks and should either be torn down or taken over and renovated by the College. I was tre¬ mendously disturbed after reading the article and would ask Deans Wonnacott and Carey to take another look at the physical condition of the fraternity houses. During the past few years, Delta Upsi- lon has greatly improved the appearance of the house. The interior and exterior of the house has been painted. The dead ivy around the windows has been elim¬ inated. The furniture throughout the house has been rebuilt. A shag rug has been placed in the green room along with the construction of an attractive bar in the same room. A new refriger¬ ator with ample space to accommodate the needs of the house, is present in the kitchen. A new 25-inch color TV was purchased in the last few years. These are a few of the improvements in the physical condition of DU which took place from 1969-1972. Improvements and maintenance of the DU House are being continued by the present undergraduate members of DU. I was at Middlebury for Homecoming last Fall and was impressed with the appearance of not only DU but also with Chi Psi and Sig Ep. I have never seen Sig Ep in better condition than the ap¬ pearance of the house at Homecoming. The exterior of the house had been re¬ cently painted and the grounds around the house were in good condition. Addi¬ tional improvements in the DU House include: a parking lot constructed on the Deke side of the house and the TV room has been completely renovated along with interior painting throughout the house. My conclusion is that the physical con¬ dition of the fraternity houses, especially DU which is the house I am most fa¬ miliar with, are in as good shape, if not better than most College residence halls. I question the basis of the College’s in¬ terest in taking over the ownership and maintenance of the houses. The frater¬ nity system at Middlebury is changing from a reliance on custom and ceremony to a closer interaction of interests among friends. This last point was substantiated by a large gathering of interested alumni on Homecoming weekend. Recently there has been an increase in communications between undergraduates and alumni within the fraternity system and this type of communication can lead to bene¬ fits for both the College and the Frater¬ nities. The Fraternity System at Middle¬ bury will continue to be an intricate part of the College experience only if Frater¬ nities are allowed to continue under present ownership. Richard J. Dowd ’72 Somerville, Mass. Dean Wonnacott comments: I would agree with Mr. Dowd, the houses are in better shape now than they've been in years. There seemed a great surge of spirit and energy this fall. I applaud it! Unfortunately, the comments in the article were written last summer on the basis of the past ten years. To the Editor: “Can Middlebury’s Fraternities Sur¬ vive?” Hell no! Not under Dennis O’Brien who I think is trying to wreck the college fraternities. Little Princeton! Let’s send him back where he came from. I had willed a sum of money in excess of five figures to the College. But that is now changed and will never be rein¬ stated. Middlebury was always a place that I loved and cherished but no more. Thank you. Miller F. Naylor ’27 Somerville, N.J. To the Editor: The Winter Issue of the News Letter contains an article concerning fraterni¬ ties at Middlebury which might tend to suggest that the administration has al¬ ready acted to do away with them. How¬ ever, the present situation has been altered dramatically to a point where I feel certain these institutions will indeed be at Middlebury next year in essen¬ tially the same form as toclay. After a full year of debate on the issue, both the administration and the fraternities have come to a more real (I hope) assessment of the problems involved. Current admin¬ istration suggestions include 1) a provi¬ sion that there be a new on-campus, voting member of each alumni corpora¬ tion and 2) the college have first option on a fraternity, should it ever be for sale. Details on this and the Fraternity Fact-Finding Report may be obtained from Dean of the College in Old Chapel. A more favorable relationship between the college and the fraternities should result from the discussions; I feel more optimistic about the future of fraterni¬ ties than ever before and I sincerely hope alumni share and support this feeling. There have even been hints that the pre¬ inflation rebate to fraternity members may be adjusted to suit present condi¬ tions. William H. Hoyt ’74, Pres., Chi Psi Chrmn, Student Forum Working Group on Fraternities Nostalgia To the Editor: Every time the News Letter arrives, I glance first at the Class Notes for news of people in and near my class of ’46. Of late years, this has been rather half¬ hearted since there is almost never any ’46 news at all. We are, apparently, a singularly undistinguished group. Imagine my delight then in discover¬ ing in this last issue (Winter, 1974) the marvelous article, “Two Cakes and a Beagle to Middlebury” by June Brogger Noble. What happy memories it evoked ... and what a refreshing trip into nos¬ talgia! In no way maudlin, but warm ... warm . . . warm! Dear Brogger—I salute her, and am glad she, too, is enjoying a home on “the Atlantic shore.” Thanks for printing her material . . . let’s have more! Jean Smith Murphy ’46 Waldoboro, Maine No nix on proxy pix To the Editor: As parent of two Middlebury students, one being graduated and one a sopho¬ more, I take exception to the two letters in the Winter, 1974, issue of the Middle¬ bury College News Letter decrying the inclusion of so many photographs of President Armstrong in the Autumn ’73 issue. I found them interesting, appropriate and not at all too numerous in an issue dedicated to Dr. Armstrong’s accomplish¬ ments in his first decade as president of Middlebury College. In the past, to encourage prospective students’ interest in Middlebury, I have given several young people copies of the News Letter, and I feel this issue, (continued on cover III) SPRING 1974 35 Peewee Hockey Moves Outdoors Though the early-February temper¬ ature hovered near the ten-below mark, that didn’t deter the 30 sweather-clad town youngsters from appearing early at the Middlebury Recreation Park. Their parents, though more warmly dressed, were less eager to brave the clear, biting cold: with hot chocolate and things stronger to fortify them, they huddled about the fire in the Park’s “warming house”, waiting for a 10:00 a.m. whistle to summon them outside. The whistle would signal the open¬ ing faceoff of a hockey game between the Middlebury Peewees and their counterparts from Hampstead, Que¬ bec, a Montreal suburb. Later, a sec¬ ond whistle would signal the start of another game, between the Middlebury and Hampstead Bantams. Though cold, it wasn’t a bad day for the home crowd. Middlebury’s well- coached Peewees, rink rats at age 10 and 11, came out on the winning end of a 6-3 score against the highly touted Canadians, while the Bantams, 12 and 13 years old, lost a 5-4 squeaker. The games marked the first time the new community outdoor rink had been used for international competition. The presence of the outdoor rink it¬ self, just off Court Street, also marked a new accomplishment in town-gown cooperation, for it was largely through the efforts of Middlebury faculty, ad¬ ministrators, alumni and their spouses that it came into existence. The story began four years ago, when Athletic Director Richard W. Colman, Jr., recently arrived from Princeton, asked an obvious question of the locals: where could kids play hockey in town? In response, the Mid¬ dlebury Amateur Hockey Association (MAHA) was formed, and 60 kids, in attire ranging from complete Bobby On* outfits to newspaper shin pads and figure skates, showed up one day at the College’s indoor rink. In succeeding years the organizers began to face a logistical problem, as the original 60 participants multiplied like snowshoe rabbits into a formid¬ able 200. Though the College had been generous in donating rink time, there just wasn’t enough hours in the day to accommodate all the junior puck- sters. Last summer the MAHA organizers got together to raise money for hockey boards of their own: the wood panels, supports and the protective wiring that enclose a hockey rink. Not sur¬ prisingly, considering the backgrounds of those who organized gift solicita¬ tion, the money came easily. With sup¬ port from College Comptroller Luther Van Ummersen and Director of An¬ nual Giving Ed Sommers ’60, and with additional help from a number of parents, alumni, faculty, administra¬ tors and spouses, by summer’s end the MAHA had raised some $4200—more than enough to get the project off the ground. The Recreation Park, with its exist¬ ing floodlit public skating area, was the obvious location. By November the boards were in place, thanks to the efforts of the Dutton Smith (’51) con¬ struction company, the manual labor of Rick Kelley ’71, and the painting expertise of Joan Todd, wife of George Todd, associate professor of music. Another band of volunteers put in some cold early morning hours paint¬ ing hockey lines and circles on the ice, and the kids were in business. When they weren’t, the rink was at the dis¬ posal of all other town residents. In addition to some 80 intra-town games, a selected group of youngsters faced teams from Hampstead (ar¬ ranged by Kyle Prescott ’48), Beverly Farms, Mass, (coached by Bill Cahill ’53) and Princeton, N. J. (coached by Mike Karin ’59), as well as Vermont squads from Burlington, Northfield, and Essex Junction. With the volun¬ teer coaching of retired Athletic Di¬ rector Walter J. “Duke” Nelson ’32, Admissions Director Fred Neuberger ’50, Bill Everett ’72 (ex-varsity cap¬ tain), Larry Perlman ’74 (co-captain and goalie of this year’s varsity), and others, the Midd kids acquitted them¬ selves well: The Peewees ended up with a 7-8 overall record, while the Bantams were 3-8. The parents ended up cold. 36 MIDDLEBURY WINTER SPORTS By Max Petersen With both the varsity hockey and basket¬ ball teams recording losing seasons, winter sports have clearly slid into one of those occasional dips in the graph of success. Some bright spots during the season were the ski team’s climb from a fourth- to second-place finish in the Easterns, winning marks posted by the B hockey and basket¬ ball teams, and some outstanding individual performances. With several veterans returning from last year’s 11-10-1 hockey team and from last year’s 15-8 basketball squad, plus some promising sophomores, the outlook for win¬ ter sports this year was optimistic. Among the factors that reversed team fortunes, probably the most damaging was the loss of key personnel. Although most coaches like to think that it takes several players to make a team, the loss of only one or two leaders can have a major effect on play. HOCKEY The Middlebury skaters started off well and seemed bent on improving on last year’s record: They opened in Canada with back- to-back shutouts of MacDonald College and College Militaire Royale, the first pair of consecutive scoreless games posted by a Panther hockey team since the 1960-61 sea¬ son. Offensively the team also looked sound, scoring a total of 11 points against their first two opponents. Back in the friendly confines of Memorial Field House, the Panthers continued to flex their muscles: they blasted Wesleyan 9-3, and played well against the University of Massachusetts before suffering their first defeat, 3-0. But just when the team seemed to be starting to roll, they had to lay aside their sticks for a month-long break and never were really the same afterwards. After downing AIC 6-2, the Panthers took three straight losses from the toughest opposition on the schedule: consecutive de¬ feats by Division I contender St. Lawrence, 6-1, an undefeated Salem State club, 2-1, and powerful Vermont, 4-2, appeared to dampen the team’s enthusiasm. Lack of an offensive punch, which plagued the team all year, may have caused the players to press and the more they pressed the harder it was to score. After scoring 7 goals in beating the Alumni, 7-5, the team averaged fewer than two goals per game over the next 11 games, 10 of which they lost. An unimpressive Norwich team edged the Panthers 4-3 in what proved to be a costly contest. Outstanding veteran defenseman Charlie O’Sullivan suffered a shoulder sepa¬ ration which sidelined him for most of the season. His leadership and ability were sorely missed in the game at Amherst where the roof fell in. The Lord Jeffs, who As airborne scoring ace Kevin Cummings '76 from Jersey City shoots, Rut¬ land's Dave Davidson '75 heads for boards to control rebound. Team had tough year (9-1 It) but ref used to give up. SPRING 1974 37 Puck rebounds from arm pad as senior Larry Perlman from Montreal makes one of 694 saves that kept faltering teammates in the game, night after night. Four-year career record of 3.25 goals allowed per game is best in maiiy years. were the doormat of New England college hockey this year, blasted the Panthers 5-2. Demoralized by that one, the team dropped the next three at home to Williams, Hamilton, and Boston State. The defense suffered another blow in the Boston State game when veteran defender Rick Simourd injured his leg. Both Simourd and senior Barry Jones deserve a lot of credit for play¬ ing non-stop through much of the contest. Apparently thriving on extra duty, Barry also played without relief in several other games. Simourd missed the Maine trip to Colby and Bates, but did return to action against St. Anselm’s, although still trou¬ bled by his injury. Middlebury finally picked up its first win of 1974 as goal-tender Larry Perlman re¬ corded his third shutout of the season in a 3-0 whitewash of the Colby Mules. The taste of victory was brief, however, for the Panthers dropped their next five games— to Bowdoin, St. Anselm’s, Williams, and Vermont by identical 4-2 scores and to Nor¬ wich 4-3. Spurred on by the return of O’Sullivan, the team played well against Vermont and were in the game until the final minute of play. Another strong effort fell short against Norwich, a vastly im¬ proved team which hung on for its 4-3 win. The Panthers closed out the frustrating season with wins over CMR, 13-1, and Lowell Tech, 3-2, to raise their record to 7-14. This was the poorest Middlebury hockey season since 1963-64 when the Panthers finished 3-20. The exceptional play of senior goalie Larry Perlman was one of the few bright spots of the season; Larry played the finest and most consistent hockey of his career. Despite defensive lapses of the team, he maintained a fine save percentage of 92, and allowed an average of just under three goals a game. In B team action this year, the hockey team posted a winning season, 6-5, after getting off to a slow start. Coach Bob Pfeiffer whipped his squad into an effective unit by midseason. One of the key games was a thrilling 6-5 overtime win at Will¬ iams. Several players from the 20-man squad will step up next year to fill key vacancies on the varsity squad. Left, in scene all too rare this season sophomore Jack Leary from Hingham, Mass, beats Wesleyan goalie as Randy Mattsoyi (23) of Manitouwadge, Ont., signals score. Above, more typical tableau has St. Lawrence goalie and defenseman sprawled well forward of crease but no Panther in position to tip in deflected shot. Garth Parker (15) digs for errant puck. BASKETBALL Coach Tom Lawson’s basketball squad had considerable returning talent and on paper seemed a good bet to equal the two previous 15-8 seasons. But the team ran into personnel problems from the start and dropped four of its first five games. Veteran guard A1 Turner left the team for personal 38 MIDDLEBURY reasons, and 6'-8" center Dave Davidson, who was considered the key to a successful season, saw little action because of a pro¬ tracted bout with mononucleosis. Although Dave missed just six games, he was only partly effective in the remaining contests. Middlebury, which had upset Union in both openers of the last two years, ran into good defense and dropped the first game to the Dutchmen, 70-58. Rebounding from that poor start, the Panthers played an out¬ standing game at home against St. Mich¬ ael’s, only to lose their chance for an upset in the final seconds; score, 79-77. Their first win came at home over Lowell Tech, 69-63. Following a 19-day layoff, Middlebury ran into stiff competition in the Bentley College Christmas Tournament and dropped two more games. They lost to Bentley, then the top-ranked small college in New En¬ gland, by 108-81 in the opening round and bowed in the consolation game with Hunter College by 63-58. Middlebury started the new year by losing a squeaker at Hamilton, 70-68. In another tight one, the Panthers downed Plattsburgh, 66-64. (Plattsburgh substituted for Coast Guard when the fuel shortage kept the sailors in port.) The Panthers proceeded to lose their next three games, to Wesleyan, Colby, and Trin¬ ity, and with the season nearly half over, owning an anemic 2-8 record they seemed headed for a season reminiscent of Middle¬ bury teams in the 1960s. But led by co-captains Dave Pentkowski and Jack Kirsch, the gutty squad hung in there and refused to lie down: their deter¬ mination and hard work paid off in the next game which they won in overtime by upset¬ ting a top-ranked Worcester Tech team. That big win proved to be the turning point: the Panthers went on to defeat Nor¬ wich and upset a strong Williams five. Since the Williams game fell during the winter- term recess, it was played at Rutland High School to give fans in that area a look at college ball. At Medford Middlebury ran into a hot- shooting Tufts team and was blasted by a 29 point margin. Still on the road, the Panthers came up with their greatest of¬ fensive effort in years by rolling over Bowdoin, 103-69. At Brunswick, Pentkow¬ ski who at this point began playing the finest basketball of his career, and Kevin Cummings, came up with 25- and 28-point efforts, respectively. The team continued to roll by disposing of Clarkson in a tight battle. Following a loss to a good Bates club, the Panthers edged MIT, blew a halftime lead and lost to Amherst, and then buried Norwich by 30 points during Winter Carnival. Middlebury then dropped three, to Ver¬ mont, St. Lawrence, and RPI to close out the season with a 9-14 mark. One of the highlights of the stretch drive was the selection of Pentkowski to the Divi¬ sion II ECAC All-Star team in two consecu¬ tive weeks. He became the first Middlebury player since the days of Tom Hart and A1 “Sonny” Dennis in the 1950s to be so hon¬ ored and was the only Vermont college player this year to earn two straight berths. Pentkowski wound up the season averag¬ ing about 16 points per game, slightly be¬ hind the scoring leader Kevin Cummings, who had just over 16. Sophomore forward Dave Nelson also completed the season in double figures. SPRING 1974 39 In Eastern Chatnpionships held this year at Snow Bowl , freshman Dave Gavett of Wilmington, Vt. threads a gate in two-run slalorti event won by Middlebury. The decision not to have a B basketball team this year was soon reversed when several players came out for the squad shortly before the season opened. Showing good size and shooting ability, the young hoopsters established themselves as a solid unit under Coach Gary Hindley and went on to record the finest B-team season ever —9-3. The big win was a sound 95-79 thumping of St. Michael’s freshmen. If the three or four freshmen who played with the varsity had been regulars, the B team rec¬ ord might have been even more awesome. SKIING With several top skiers lost through grad¬ uation, Middlebury’s ski team was cast in pre-season polls as an underdog in the race for the Eastern title with defending-cham- pion Vermont and an improved Dartmouth squad. Coach John Bower ‘63 predicted that the team’s fortunes would hinge on devel¬ opment of untested freshman talent, par¬ ticularly in the alpine events. As the racing season progressed it be¬ came apparent that the Panthers had some outstanding alpine talent in freshman Rod Bicknell, Brad Boyce, Dave Gavett, and John Jacobs. Freshmen Brant McDougall, a topnotch Canadian cross-country skier, and Peter Guest, a jumper, also exhibited potential which would help the nordic squad. When lack of snow early in February forced cancellation of the Vermont Carni¬ val, Middlebury had to wait for the Dart¬ mouth meet to learn how it would stack up against the front runners. At Dartmouth the young Panther alpinists got off to a fair start in the slalom, with Bicknell taking 3rd, Jacobs 9th, and Gavett 11th to give their team a third. Middlebury did even better in the giant slalom with veteran Peter Ord finishing 2nd, Jacobs 3rd, and Gavett 8th. Although Middlebury won the Williams meet the following weekend, it wasn’t a true test as several top skiers were absent from each team. The outstanding com¬ petitor in the meet was Jacobs, who won both the giant slalom and slalom. McDougall was 2nd in cross-country and Lantz was runnerup in the jump. Trailing Middlebury in the Williams competition were Vermont, second, and Dartmouth, third. Coach Bower predicted that the Easterns at the Snow Bowl on the following weekend would be close and he wasn’t far from wrong. Even though a three-way battle, with Vermont included, didn’t materialize, the Big Green and Panthers went right down to the wire before Dartmouth took the title by nine points. Defending cham¬ pion Vermont was a distant third. Rod Bicknell was 2nd in the giant slalom and Ord 10th. The cross-country team was more successful with McDougall in 2nd, Ward 4th, and Lantz in 9th. Middlebury posted a solid performance in slalom to win that event on the basis of Jacob’s 3rd, Bick- nell’s 4th and Boyce’s 5th. Despite Ver¬ mont’s and Dartmouth’s Norwegian jump¬ ers, Middlebury got a 5t.h from Lantz, a 12th from Fulton, and 14th from Guest. Final leaders: Dartmouth 175, Middlebury 166, Vermont 123. Middlebury’s women skiers under Coach Bonnie Bower were also locked in a real battle with Dartmouth and Vermont women all season. Going into the Middlebury Car¬ nival, Dartmouth girls had won their own meet and the UVM women had taken the UNH meet. On home ground Middlebury girls came up with a complete sweep of the giant slalom, slalom, and cross-country to win the meet by a six-point margin over Dartmouth. Panther cross-country skier Terry Porter won her event while both Chris Tower and Ellie Davie placed in the top ten. Consistent alpine skiers were Deb¬ bie Martin, Tina Besse, Stephie Cole, Sandy Stroock, and Edie MacAusland. □ 40 MIDDLEBURY Letters (continued from page 35) revealing Dr. Armstrong’s feelings and thoughts about running a college, has the “emphasis” exactly “in the right place,” since any institution must reflect the philosophy of its president, and Dr. Armstrong’s is a fine philosophy. Surely it deserves exposition at the end of ten years of achievement, if not more often! Incidentally, I counted his pictures in the five issues preceding, and found one in Summer ’73 and two in Autumn ’72, hardly reflecting a “proclivity to dwell on the face of President Armstrong,” it seems to me! Lucille Carroll Bernardsville, N.J. Arboreal nemesis? To the Editor: Anent the interesting article on the William Douglas gravesite in the Au¬ tumn News Letter, I first inadvertently visited it after a badly shanked 4th tee drive in the Fall of 1940 during my Freshman year orientation week. It was about as vulnerable to my golf expertise as was Egbert Hadley’s front yard on my 3rd hole drives (I find a lot of inter¬ esting things that way) and in 1940 the gravestone itself was intact although leaning a bit downhill. Soon after the hurricane of November 1951 (?) we had rather mild weather, and then being on the faculty at Midd, I went out to “hit a few” and although by now I was in a bad “hook pattern,” I saw from the 4th tee that a large tree had uprooted over there, so I went over to investigate. About ten feet above the tree I found the headstone, now in two pieces, broken by the falling tree. I like to imagine that the grandson (or grand¬ daughter) of that tree that killed Doug¬ las was continuing the capricious ways of its ancestor. . . . Hal Parker ’44 Shrewsbury, Mass. * Middlebury COLLEGE NEWS LETTER Second-class postage paid at Middlebury, Vt. 05753. Send Form 3579 COMMENCEMENT 1974 May 24-26 FRIDAY, MAY 24 1:00 p.m-10:00 p.m. Registration, Proctor Lounge 6:30 p.m. Buffet supper, Bread Loaf Inn 8:00 p.m. Alumni seminar, Bread Loaf Theatre SATURDAY, MAY 2$ 7:30 a.m. Bird walks: Meet at Bread Loaf Inn or Old Chapel 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Registration and coffee, Proctor Lounge 9:30 a.m. Alumni Council meeting, Pearsons Living Room 9:30 a.m. Tour of the campus Meet at Proctor Lounge 11:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Class photographs. Memorial Field House 12:15 p.m. Alumni luncheon. Memorial Field House 2:15 p.m. Tour of the campus, Meet at Proctor Lounge 2:30 p.m. R.O.T.C. Commissioning, Dana Auditorium 3:30 p.m.- 5:00 p.m. President's Reception honoring the senior class, Johnson Memorial Building 5:00 p.m.- 7:00 p.m. Phi Beta Kappa reception (Invitation only) Evening Class reunion dinners SUNDAY, MAY 26 10:00 a.m. Baccalaureate Service, Mead Memorial Chapel 11:45 a.m. Luncheon for parents and seniors, SDU Units and Proctor Dining Room 2:30 p.m. Commencement exercises, Memorial Field House