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FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE |
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LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY |
THE I E I S,
QUARTErtLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY.
EDITED ]!Y , C^
WILLIAM LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., F.Z.S.
VOL. III. 1915. TENTH SEEIES.
Dckctasti mc, Domine, in (iperibiis iiianuuin luariim.
riTl'.LrSHED BY THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION
AND SOLD BY
WILLIAM WESLEY & SON, 28 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.
1915.
,io-no\^n- (>^a/UJl n
ALBRE ^ TLAMMAM.
rniXTED BY TATLOE AND FRANCIS,
BED LION COUKT, FLEET STREET.
DATES OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS OF 'THE IBIS' FOR 1915.
TENTH SERIES. VOLUME III.
Number 1. issued January 8th.
„ 2. „ April 8th.
,, 3. ,, July 2iid.
4. ,, October 8th.
LIST OE THE MEMBERS
OF THE
BRITISH ORNITHOLOaiSTS" UNION. 1915.
[An asterisk indicates an Original Member. It is particularly requested that Members should give notice to the Secretary of the Union of any error in their addresses or descriptions in this List, in order that it may be corrected.]
Date of Election,
1914, Aldworth, Capt. Thomas Preston.
1911. Alexander, Christopher Jambs; International Institute of
Agriculture, Rome, Italy. 1911. Alexander, Horace Gundrt; 3 Mayfield Road, Tunbridge
Wells, Kent. 1888. Aplin, Oliver Vernon ; Stonehill House, Bloxhara, Oxon, 1 1896. Archibald, Charles F. ; 2 Darnley Road, West Park,
Leeds, Yorks.
1896. Arrigoni degli Oddi, Count Ettore, Professor of Zoology,
University, Padua; and Ca' oddo, Monselice, Padua, Italy. 1901. Arundel, Major Walter B., F.Z.S. ; High Ackworth, Ponte- fract, Yorks.
1915. AsHBT, Edwin ; Wittunga, Blackwood, Adelaide, S. Australia, 1901. AsHBY, Herbert; Broadway House, Brookvale Road,
Southampton. lo 1908. AsHwoRTH, John Wallwork, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., F.R.G.S., F.G.S. ; Thorne Bank, Heaton Moor, near Stockport, Cheshire.
1897. AsTLEY, Hubert Delaval, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Brinsop Court,
Hereford. 1885. Backhouse, James, F.Z.S. ; The Old Manor House,
Knaresborough, Yorks. 1904. Bahr, Philip Hbinrich, M.A., M.B., M.R.C.S., L.R.CP.,
F.Z.S. ; 12 Vicarage Gardens, Kensington, W. 1901. Bailward, Col. Arthur Churchill, F.Z.S. (R.F.A.) ;
64 Victoria Street, S.W.
SER. X. — VOL, III. a
Date of Election.
15 1892. Baker, E. C. Stuart, F.Z.S.; 6 Harold Road, Upper Norwood, S.E. {Hon. Secretary and Treasurer.) 1901. Baker, John C, M.B., B.A, ; Ceely House, Aylesbury, Bucks.
1889. Balston, Eichard James, F.Z.S.; Springfield, Maidstone,
Kent. 1906. Banxerman, David A., B.A., F.R.G.S. ; 11 Washington House, Basil Street, S.W.
1890. Barclay, Francis Hubert, F.Z.S. ; The "Warren, Cromer,
Norfolk. 20 1885. Barclay, Hugh Gurney, F.Z.S. ; Colney Hall, Norwich, Norfolk. 1903. Bartels, Max. ; Pasir Datar, Halte Tjisaiit (Preanger), Java, Dutch East Indies.
1906. Bates, George L., C.M.Z.S. ; Bitye, Ebolowa, Kamerun,
West Africa.
1912. Baxenbale, Francis Richard Salisbury; Commissioner of
Famagusta, Cyprus.
1913. Baynes, George Kenneth; 120 Warwick Street, S.W.
25 1912. Beebe, C. William, C.M.Z.S. ; Curator of Birds, New York Zoological Park, New York, U.S.A. 1910. Beeston, Harry ; Sunnymead, South Street, Havant, Hants. 1897. Benson, John. 1897. Berry, William, B.A., LL.B. ; Tayfield, Newport, Fifeshire.
1914. Betham, Col. Robert M. ; c/o Messrs. Grindlay & Co.,
Hornby Road, Bombay, India. 30 1907. Bethell, The Hon. Richard, F.Z.S. ; 30 Hill Street, Mayfair, W.
1907. BiCKERTON, William, F.Z.S.; The Firs, Farraline Road,
Watford, Herts. 1880. BiDWELL, Edward ; 1 Trig Lane, Upper Thames Street, E.C. 1892. Bird, The Rev. Maurice C. H., M.A. ; Brunstead Rectory,
Stalham, S.O., Norfolk. 1891. Blaauw, Frans Ernst, C.M.Z.S.: Gooilust, 'sGraveland,
Hilversum, Noord-Holland. ■^e 1913. Blackwood, George Glendinning ; c/o W. T. Blackwood, Esq.,
Messrs. Blackwood & Smith, Peebles. 1912. Blaine, Gilbert, F.Z.S. ; 5 a The Albany. Piccadilly, W. 1903. Blathwayt, The Rev. Francis Linley, M.A. ; Doddington
Rectory, Lincoln. 1914. Blyth, Robert Oswald, M.A. ; Haslemere, Stanmore,
Middlesex.
Date of Election.
1897. BoNAK, The Rev. Horatitjs Ninian, F.Z.S. ; 16 Cumiu Place,
Edinburgh. 40 1905, Bone, Henry Peters ; 28 Adelaide Crescent, Brighton.
1894. BoNHOTE, John Lewis, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; Zoological
Gardens, Giza, Egypt ; and Gade Spring Lodge, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. 1906. BooRMAN, Staines ; Heath Farm, Send, Woking, Surrey.
1898. Booth, George Albert ; Whalley Kange, Longton, Lanes. 1904. Booth, Harry B. ; Ryhill, Ben Rhydding, via Leeds, Yorks.
45 1908. BoRRER, Clifford Dalison ; 20 Pelham Crescent, South Kensington, S.W. 1915. Bradford, Arthur Daxby ; Upton Lodge, Watford, Herts.
1895. Bradford, Sir John Rose, K.C.M.G., M.D., D.Sc, F.R.S.,
F.Z.S ; 8 Manchester Square, W. 1902. Bridgeman, Commdr. The Hon. Richard 0. B., R.N". ; c/o Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope Station, c/o G.P.O. 1909. Briggs, Thomas Henry, M.A., F.E.S. ; Rock House^ Lynmouth, R.S.O., N. Devon. 50 1902. Bristowe, Bertram Arthur ; The Cottage, Stoke D'AberncMi,. Cobham, Surrey. 1908. Brook, Edward Jonas, F.Z.S. ; Hoddam Castle, Ecclefechan,
Dumfriesshire. 1890. Brooke, Harry Brinsley; Woodcote Lodge, Windlesham,
Surrey. 1899. Brooke, John Arthur, J.P. ; Fenay Hall, Huddersfield ; and
Fearn Lodge, Ardgay, Ross-shire. 1912. Brown, Thomas Edward ; c/o Messrs. G. Beyts & Co., 11 Port Tewfik, Suez, Egypt. 55 1900. Bruce, William Speirs, LL.D., F.R.S.E. ; Scottish Oceano- graphical Laboratory, Surgeon's Hall, Edinburgh. 1914. Buchanan, Col. Kenneth (Lidian Army) ; c/o Messrs. Cox &
Co., 16 Charing Cross, S.W. 1907. Buckley, Charles Mars ; 4 Hans Crescent, S.W. 1906. Bucknill, John Alexander Strachey, K.C, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Chief Justice, Supreme Court, Singapore, Straits Settle- ments. 1895. Bulgaria, H.M. Ferdinand, King of, F.Z.S.; The Palace, Sofia, Bulgaria. 60 1908. BuNYARD, Percy Frederick, F.Z.S. : 57 Kidderminster Road, Croydon, Surrey.
a2
Date of Election.
1907. EuTLEB, Arthur Gardiner, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; 124 Beck- enham Road, Beckenham, Kent.
1899. Butler, Arthur Lennox, F.Z.S. : Superintendent of Game
Preservation, Sudan Government, Khartum, Sudan. 1884. Butler, Lieut.-Col. E. A. ; Winsford Hall, Stokesby, Great Yarmouth.
1900. Buttress, Bernard A. E. ; Craft HiU, Dry Drayton,
Cambridge. 65 1905. Buxton, Anthony ; Knighton, Buckhurst Hill, Essex.
1884. Buxton, Geoferet Fowell, F.Z.S. ; Dunston Hall, Norwich,
Norfolk. 1912, Buxton, Patrick Alfred ; Fairhill, Tonbridge,
Kent. 189G. Cameron, Capt. James S.; (2nd Bn. Ptoyal Sussex Regt.)
Low Wood, Bethersden, Ashford, Kent. 1888. Cameron, John Duncan ; Low Wood, Bethersden, Ashford, Kent. 70 1909. Campbell, David Callender, J.P. ; Templemore Park, Londonderry, Ireland. 1909. Carroll, Clement Joseph ; Rocklow, Fethard, Co. Tipperary, Ireland. , 1904. Carruthers, Alexander Douglas M. ; 7 Park Place, St. James', S.W. 1908. Carter, Thomas ; Wensleydale, Mulgrave Road, Sutton,
Surrey. 1890. Cave, Capt. Charles John Philip, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Ditcham Park, Petersfield, Hants. 75 1913. Chaplin, Nugent; The Lodge, Bourne End, Bucks.
1884. Chapman, Abel, F.Z.S.; Houxty, Wark-on-Tyne, North- umberland. 1882. Chase, Robert William ; Heme's Nest, Bewdley,
W^orcestershire. 1908. Cheesman, Robert E. ; c/o F. V. Winch, Esq., North View,
Willesley, Cranbrook, Kent. 1910. Chubb, Charles, F.Z.S. ; British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W. So 1912. Clark, George Wingfield, M.A., F.Z.S. ; 2 Devana Terrace, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge. 1904. Clarke, Major Goland van Holt, D.S.O., F.Z.S. ; Chilworth Court, Romsey, Hants.
IX
Date of Election.
1889. Clarke, Col. Stephenson IIobert, C.B., F.Z.S. ; Borde Hill,
Cuckfield, Sussex, 1880. Clarke, William Eagle, F.L.S. ; Royal Scottish Museum,
Edinburgh. 1904. Cochrane, Captain Hbxry Lake. R.X. ; 10 Ashburtou Koad,
Southsea, Hants. 85 1898. CocKs, Alfred Heneage, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Poj-netts, Skirmett,
near Henley-on-Thames, Oxon.
1895, Coles, Richard Edward; Rosebank, New Milton, S.O.,
Hants. 1911. CoLLETT, Axthony Keeling ; 5 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's
Inn, W.C, 1904. Collier, Charles, F.Z.S. ; Bridge House, Culmstock,
Devon ; and Windham Club, St. James' Square, S.W. 1909, CoNGREVE, Capt. William Maitland (R.G.A.) ; Forest
House, Kerry, Montgomeryshire. 90 1913. Cook, James Pemberton ; c/o Messrs. Wallace & Co., Bombay
Burmah Trading Corporation, Ltd., Bombay, India. 1888. CoRDEAirx, Major William Wilfrid, (late 21st Lancers) ;
Hopebourne, Harbledown, Canterbury, Kent.
1914, CouRTOis, The Rev. F. L., S.J. ; Curator of the Sikawei
Museum, near Shanghai, China. 1913. Cowan, Francis ; Wester Lea, Murrayfield, Midlothian. 1894. Crewe, Sir Vauncey Harpur, Bt. ; Calke Abbey, Derby. 95 1903. Crowley, John Cyril, M.A, ; 5 Beech House Road,
Croydon, Surrey.
1915. CuRRiE, Robert Alexander (Chinese Customs) ; The
Custom House, Yochow, by Hankow, China. 1899. Curtis, Frederick, F.R.C.S. ; Lyndens, Redhill, Surrey. 1877. Dalgleish, John J. ; Brankston Grange, Bogside Station,
Alloa, Forth.
1896. Danford, Capt. Bertram AY. Y., R.E. ; Bermuda.
100 1883. Davidson, James, F.Z.S.; 32 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edin- burgh.
1908. Davies, Lieut. Claude G. ; 3rd S. African Mounted Riflemen, 6th Mounted Brigade, c/o Army Post Office, Cape Town, South Africa,
1905. Davis, K. J. Acton, MX'., F.R.C.S., F.Z.S. ; 16 Upper Wimpole Street, W.
1915. Dawson, George Hogarth, F.Z.S. : 29 Lansdowne Crescent, Netting Hill, W.
Date of Election.
1909. DELME-RiDCLiFFE, Capfc, Alfred (105th Maratha Light Infantry) ; Church Hatch, Christchurch, Hants. ; and
c/o Messrs. Cox & Co., Bombay, India. 105 1902. Dent, Charles Henry ; c/o Messrs. Barclay & Co. Ltd.,
Darlington, Durham. 1893. De Winton, William Edward, F.Z.S. ; Southover Hall,
Burwash, Sussex. 1896. DoBBiE, James Bell, F.R.S.E., F.Z.S. ; 12 South Inverleith
Terrace, Edinburgh. 1889. DoBiE, William Henry, M.R.C.S. ; 2 Hunter Street,
Chester. 1911. DoDswoRTH, Pelham Theobald Landale ; Prospect Cottage,
Simla, W., (Punjab), India. no 1904. Dorrien-Smith, Thomas Algernon, J.P.,D.L.; Trcsco Abbey,
Scilly Isles. 1904. Drake-Brockman, Ralph Evelyn, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,
F.Z.S. ; Cheriton, 26 Portchester Road, Bournemouth,
Hants. 1865. Dresser, Henry Eeles, F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; c/o Dr. Tattersall,
Owen's College Museum, Manchester. 1896. Drewitt, Frederic Dawtrey, M.A., M.D,, F.Z.S. ; 14 Palace
Gardens Terrace, Kensington, W. 1913. Drummond, James, F.L.S., F.Z.S.; ' Lyttelton Times,'
Christchurch, New Zealand. 115 1890. Drummond-Hay, Col. James A. G. R.- (Coldstream Guards);
Seggieden, by Perth.
1904. Duckworth, George Herbert ; Dalingridge Place, via East
Grinstead, Sussex. 1878. Dtjrnford, W. Arthur, J.P. ; Elsecar, Barnsley, Yorks.
1905. DuTTON, The Hon. and Rev. Canon Frederick George;
Bibury, Fairford, Gloucestershire. 1903. Earle, Edavard Vavasour ; Fowden Hall, London Road,
Maidstone, Kent. 120 1914. Edwards, Laurence Albert Curtis, M. A.; 12 Market Street,
Rye, Sussex. 1895. Elliot, Edmund A. S., M.R.C.S.; Woodville, Kingsbridge,
South Devon. 1884. Elliott, Algernon, CLE. ; 16 Belsize Grove, Hamp-
stead, N.W. 1902. Ellison, The Rev. Allan, M. A.; Althorpe Rectory, Doucaster,
Yorks.
XI
Date of Election,
1904. Eltoij, Henry Browx, B.A,, M.B., B.C., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. ;
Glenview, Llandovery, South Wales. 125 1866. Elwes, Henry John, F.R.S., F.Z.S.; Colesborne, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.
1914. Etheridge, Robert, Junr., C.M.Z.S. ; Curator of the Australian Museum, Sj^dney, New South "Wales, Australia.
1879. Evans, Arthur Humble, M.A., F.Z.S. ; 9 Harvey Road, Cambridge.
1888. Evans, William, F.R.S.E. ; 38 Morningside Park, Edin- burgh.
1905, EwEN, Gur L'EsiRANeE ; St. James's Club, Piccadilly, W. 130 1892. Fairbridge, William George ; 141 Long Market Street,
Capetown, South Africa. 1909. Fanshawe, Capt, Richard D, (late Scots Guards) ; Broxmore,
Cavendish Road, Bournemouth, 1894. Farquhar, Rear-Admiral Arthur Murray, C.V.O. ; Granville
Lodge, Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. 1898. Farquhar, Capt. Stuart St. J., R.N. ; Naval & Military
Club, Piccadilly, W. 1873. Feilden, Col, Henry Wemyss, C.B., C,M,Z.S. ; Burwash,
Sussex ; and Junior United Service Club, S.W. 135 1901. FiNLiNSON, Horace W., F.Z.S. ; 5 Rosamond Road, Bed- ford. 1885. Fitzherbert-Brockholes, William Joseph ; Claughton Hall,
Garstang, Lancashire.
1902. Flower, Major Stanley Smyth, F.Z.S. ; Kedah House,
Zoological Gardens, Giza, Egypt. 1912. Floyd, James Francis Murray, B.A. ; The University,
Glasgow. 1884. Forbes, Henry Ogg, LL.D., F.Z.S. ; Redcliife, Beaconsfield,
Bucks. 140 1912. Foster, Arthur H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. ; Sussex House,
88 Tilehouse Street, Hitchin, Herts.
1903. Foster, Neyin Harkness, F.L.S., M.R.T.A. ; Hillsborough,
Co. Down, Ireland. 1880. Foster, William ; 39 Colville Gardens, Bayswater, W. 1887. Fowler, William Warde, M.A. ; Lincoln College, Oxford. 1865. Fox, The Rev. Henry Elliott, M.A, ; The Croft, Lytton
Grove, Putney Hill, S.W. 145 1881. Freke. Percy Evans ; South Point, Limes Road, Folkestone.
Date of Election.
1895. Pkohawk, Frederick William, F.E.S. ; Stanley House,
Park Road, Wallington, Surrey. 1909. Frost, William Edward, J.P. ; Ardvreck, CrieflP, Perthshire. 1881. Gadow, Hans, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S. ; University Museum of
Zoology, Cambridge. 1886. Gainsborough, Charles William Francis, Earl of; Exton
Park, Oakham, Rutland. 150 1907. Gandolfi, Alfonso Otho Gandolfi-Hornyold, Duke, Ph.D.;
Blackmore Park, Hanley Swan, Worcestershire. 1900. Garnext, Charles ; Greathouse, Chippenham, Wilts. ; and
New University Club, St. James's Street, S.W. 1892. Gerrard, John ; Worsley, near Manchester, Lanes. 1902. GiBBiNS, William Bevington, F.Z.S, ; Ettington, Stratford-
on-Avon, Warwickshire. 1879. Gibson, Ernest, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.G.S. ; 25 Cadogan Place,
S.W. 155 1903. Gladstone, Capt. Hugh Steitart, M.A., F.Z.S., F.R.S.E.,
F. S.A.Scot. ; Capenoch, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire ; and
40 Lennox Gardens, S.W. 1908, Godman, Capt. Edward Shirley (2nd Dorset Regiment) ;
Hampsteel, Cowfold, Sussex. 1858. Godman, Frederick DuCane, D.C.L., F.R.S. , F.Z.S.; 45 Pont
Street, S.W. ; and South Lodge, Horsham, Sussex.
{Gold Medallist.) * 1858. Godman, Percy Sanden, B.A., C.M.Z.S. ; Hampsteel,
Cowfold, Sussex. {Gold Medallist.) 1906. Goodall, Jeremiah Matthews ; The Nest, Bembridge, Isle of
Wight. £60* 1900. Goodfellow, Walter, F.Z.S. ; The Poplars, Kettering,
Northants. 1906. Gordon, Seton Paul, F.Z.S.; Auchintoul, Aboyne,
Aberdeenshire.
1912. GossE, Philip, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. ; Curtlemead, Beaulieu,
Hants. 1899. Gould, Francis Herbert Carruthers, F.Z.S.; Matham
Manor House, East Molesey, Surrey. 1895. Grabham, Oxley, M.A. ; The Museum, York. 165 1909. Grant, Claude Henry Baxter, F.Z.S.; (6th Battn. Rifle Brigade) ; 6 Lebanon Gardens, West Hill, S.W. ; and Sports Club, St. James' Square, S.W.
1913. Greening, Linn;eus, F L.S,, F.Z.S. ; Fairlight, Grappenhall,
Cheshire.
Date of Election.
1909. Grey, The lit. Hon. Sir Edward, Bt., K.G., P.C, F.Z.S. ;
Falloden, Christon Bank, R.S.O., Northumberland. 1906. Griffith, Aethtjr Foster ; 59 Montpellier Eoad, Brighton,
Sussex. 1885. GuiLLEMAED, Francis Heney Hill, M.A., M.D., F.Z.S. ; Old
Mill House, Trumpington, Cambridge. 170 1908. GuRNEY, Gerard Hudson, F.Z.S., F.E.S. ; Keswick Hall,
Norwich, Norfolk. 1870. GuENEY, John Henry, F.Z.S. ; Keswick Hall, Norwich ; and
AtheuKum Club, Pall Mall, S.W. 1896. GuENEY, RoBEET, F.Z.S.; Ingham Old Hall, Stalham,
Norfolk.
1890, Gavatkin, Joshita Reynolds Gascoign ; The Manor House,
Potterne, Devizes, Wilts.
1891. Haigh, George Henry Caton ; Grainsby HaU, Great Grimsby,
Lincolnshire. 175 1887. Haines, John Pleydell Wilton ; 17 King Street, Gloucester. 1898. Hale, The Rev. James Rashleigh, M.A. ; Boxley Vicarage,
Maidstone, Kent. 1905. Hamerton, Major Albert Edward, D.S.O., R.A.:^[.C., F.Z.S.;
c/o Messrs. Holt & Co., 3 Whitehall Place, S.W. 1913. Hardy, Capt. Ernest Cliffoed, R.N. ; Hydrographic
Department, Admiralty, Whitehall, S.W. 1904. Haeington, Lt.-Col. Herbert Hastings ; 84th Punjabis,
Rawal Pindi, ludia ; and c/o Messrs. Thos. Cook & Sous,
Ludgate Circus, E.C, 180 1900. Harpee, Edmund William, F.Z.S. ; 6, Ashburnham Road,
Bedford. 1900. Haeeis, Henry Edward ; 2 St. Aubyn's Mansions, Hove,
Sussex. 1893. Haetert, Ernst J. 0., Ph.D., F.Z.S. ; The Zoological Museum,
Tring, Herts. 1868. Haeting, James Edmund, F.Z.S.; Portmore Lodge, Wey-
bridge, Surrey. 1893. Haetmann, William; Milburn, Esher, Surrey. 185 1873. Harvie-Beown, John A., LL.D., F.R.S.E., F.Z.S. ; Dunipace,
Larbert, Stirlingshire. 1900. Hasluck, Percy Pedley Harford ; The Wilderness, South- gate, N. 1902. Hatfeild, John Randall; Edliiigton Hall, Horncastle,
Lincolnshii'e,
Date of Election.
1898. Hawker, Richard Macdonnell, F.Z.S. ; Bath Club, Dover
Street, W. ; and c/o ^Messrs. Dalgety & Co., 96 Bishopsgate,
E.G. 1905. Hawkshaw, Johx Clarke, M.A., M.I.C.E., F.G.S. ; Holly- combe, Liphook, Hants. ; and 33 Great George Street,
Westminster, S.W. 190 1905. Headlet, Frederick Webb, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Haileybury
College, Hertford. 1902. Hett, Geoffrey Seccombe, M.B., F.Z.S. ; 8 Wimpole
Street, W. 1913. Heavitt, John, M.A. ; Director of the Albany Museum,
Grahamstown, South Africa.
1899. Heywood, lliCHARD, F.Z.S. ; Pentney House, iSTarborough,
Swaffham, Norfolk.
1900. Hills, Capt. John Waller, ; 3 Lesham Gardens, Kensing-
ton, W. 195 1884. HoLDSwoRTH, Charles James, J. P. ; Fernhill, Alderley Edge,
Cheshire. 1912. HoNY, George Bathurst ; 4 Beaufort Hoad, Clifton, Bristol. 1905. HoPKiNsoN, Emilius, M.B., D.S.O., F.Z.S. ; 45 Sussex Square,
Brighton, Sussex ; and Bathurst, Gambia, West Africa. 1904, Horsbrugh, Lt.-Col. Boyd Robert, F.Z.S. ; Tandridge Priory,
Oxted, Surrey. 1888. Horsfield, Herbert Knight ; Crescent Hill, Filey, Yorks. 200 1895, Howard, Henry Eliot, F.Z.S. ; Clarelands, near Stourport,
Worcestershire, 1881. HowAKD, Robert James ; Shearbank, Blackburn, Lancashire. 1911, Hudson, Edward, 15 Queen Anne's Gate, S,W. 1911. Hudson, Reginald ; 16 Warwick Road, Stratford-on-Avon.
1901. Ingram, Capt, Collingavood, F,Z.S. ; Sussex Mansions, West-
gate-on-Sea, Kent, 205 1902, Innes Bey, Dr, Walter Francis ; Curator of the Zoological
Museum, School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt, 1913, Ieedale, Tom ; 98 Riverview Gardens, Barnes, S.W. 1888. Jackson, Sir Frederick John, C.B., K.C.M.G„F,L.S., F.Z.S. ;
Entebbe, Uganda, British East Africa ; and The Red
House, Aldeburgh, Suffolk. 1892. James, Henry Ashworth, F.Z.S. ; Hurstmonceux Place,
Hailsham, Sussex. 1896, Jesse, William, B.A., F.Z.S. ; Meerut College, Meerut,
India.
Date of Election.
2IO 1889. JoHNsox, FeedeeickPonsonby, B.A., J.P.,D.L,; Castlesteads,
Brampton, Cumberland. 1915. Johnson, Sir Henkt Jajies, F.Z.S. ; 55 Sloane Gardens,
S.W. 1891. Johnston, Sir Haeky Hamilton, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., F.Z.S. ;
St. John's Priory, Poling, near Arundel, Sussex,
1905. Johnstone, Edwin James, F.Z.S. ; Burrswood, Groombridge,
Sussex; and Junior Carlton Club, Pall Mall, S.W. 1900. Jones, Major Henry, F.Z.S. (late 62nd liegt.); 41 Vineyard Hill Road, Wimbledon Park, S.W. 215 1909. Jones, Fleet-Surgeon Kenneth Htjelstone, M.B., Ch.B., F.Z.S., P.N.; The Manor House, St. Stephen's, Canterbury, Kent.
1899, Jourdain, The Eev. Francis Charles Robert, M.A. ; Apple-
ton Rectory, Abingdon, Berks,
1902. Joy, Norman Humbeet, M.R.C.S,, L.R.C.P. ; Thurlestone, Bradfield, near Reading, Berks.
1880, Kelham, Brigadier-General Henry Robert, C.B. (late High- land Light Infantry); Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, S.W.
1894. Kelsall, Lt.-Col, Haeey Joseph, R.A.; Artillery House,
Sheerness. 220 1897. Kelsall, The Rev. John Edward, M.A. ; Milton Rectory,
New Milton, Hants. 1904, Kelso, John Edward Harry, M.D. ; Braeside, Edgewood,
Lower Arrow Lake, British Columbia. 1914. Kennedy, John Noble ; (Lieut. R.G.A,), c/o J. G, Gordon,
Esq., Corsemalzie, Whauphill, Wigtownshire.
1891. Kerr, John Graham, F.R.S., F.Z.S., Regius Professor of
Zoology ; 9 The University, Glasgow.
1895. KiNGsroRD, William Edward ; Cairo, Egypt.
225 1902. KiNNEAR, Norman Boyd, CM. Z.S. ; Bombay Natural History Society, 6 Apollo Street, Bombay, India. 1910, Kloss, Cecil Boden, F.Z.S., F.R.A.I. ; Assistant Director of Museums, Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States,
1900, KoENiG, Dr. Alexander Ferdinand ; Coblenzer-Strasse 164,
Bonn, Germany.
1906. Kollibay, Paul; Ring 12 1, Neisse, Germany.
1892, Laidlaw, Thomas Geddes ; Bank of Scotland House,
Duns, Berwickshire, 2 10 1913. Lambert, Godfrey Charles ; Woodcote, Esher, Surrey,
xvi
Date of Blection.
188-1. Langton, Heebert; St. Moritz, 61 Dyke Road, Brighton,
Sussex, 1881. Lascelles, The Hon. Gerald William, F.Z.S. ; Tillington
House, Petworth, Sussex. 1892. La Touche, Johist David Digues, C.M.Z.S. ; c/o Custom
House, Chinwangtao, North China (via Siberia). 1910. Lees, T. 0. Hastings, M.A., F.Z.S. ; Buckmore, Petersfield,
Hants. 235 1898. Le Souef, Dudley, C.M.Z.S. ; Director of the Zoological
Gardens, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 1868. Le Strange, Hamon, F.Z.S. ; Hunstanton Hall, King's Lynn,
Norfolk, 1889. Leyland, Christopher John, F.Z.S. ; Haggerston Castle, Beal,
Northumberland. 1897. Lilford, John, Lord, F.Z.S.; Lilford Hall, OundlejNorthants. 1909. Lings, George Herbert ; 208 Piermont Avenue, Nyack,
N,Y., U.S.A. 240 1897. Lodge, George Edward, F.Z.S,; 5 The Studios, Thurloe
Square, S.W. 1908. Long, Sydney Herbert, M.D., F.Z.S. ; 31 Surrey Street,
Norwich, Norfolk.
1904. Lowe, Percy 11., B.A., M.B,, B.C.; 27 Ormonde Gate,
Chelsea, S.W. 1914. Lowe, Willoughby Prescott : Gorsemoor, Throwleigh,
Okehampton, Devon. 1902. Lucas, The llight Hon. Auberon Thomas, Lord, P.C, F.Z.S. ; 32 Old Queen Street, W. 245 1904. Lynes, Captain Hubert, ll.N. ; Garthmeilio, Corwen, N. Wales.
1905. McGregor, Peter James Colquhoun ; H.M. Consul, British
Consulate, Jerusalem, Palestine, Turkey-iu-Asia. 1897. McLean, John Chambers; General Post Office, Wellington,
New Zealand. 1899, Macmillan, George Augustin, F,Z.S. ; 27 Queen's Gato
Gardens, S.W.
1906. Macmillan, William Edward Frank ; 42 Onslow Square,
S.W. ?5o 1909. Macnaghten, Norman Donnelly, F.Z.S, ; Ministry of the Interior, Cairo, Egypt, 1894, Macphekson, Arthur Holte, F,Z.S, ; 21 Campden Hill Square, Kensington, W.
Date of Election.
1900. Maorath, Lt.-Col. Henky Atjgtjstus Frederick (54th Sikhs) ; c/o Messrs. H. S. King & Co., 9 Pall Mall, S.W.
1907. Mann, Thomas Hugh, F.Z.S. ; Trulls Hatch, llotherfield, Sussex.
1904. Mapletox, Harvet William, B.A. ; Weare, Axbridge, Somerset. 255 1894. Marshall, Archibald McLean, F.Z.S.; Great Chitcombe, Brede, Sussex.
1894. Marshall, James McLean, F.Z.S.; Bleaton Hallet, Blair- gowrie, Perthshire.
1897. Mason, Col. Edward Snoav ; 10 Lindum Terrace, Lincoln.
1898. Masses, Herbert; Ivy Lea, Burnage, Didsbury, Man-
chester. 1907. Mathews, Gregory Macalister, F.L.S., F.E.S.E., F.Z.S. ;
Foulis Court, Fair Oak, Hants. 260 1915. Maton, Eustace Bertie ; Enford, Pewsey, Wilts.
1915. May, William Norman, M.D. ; The White House, Sonning,
Berks. 1883. Meade-Waldo, Edmund Gustatus Bloomfield, F.Z.S. ;
Hever Warren, Hever, Kent. 1912. Meiklejohn, Major Eonald Forbes, D.S.O. (1st. Bn. Eoyal
Warwickshire Regt.) ; Sussex House, Sandgate, Kent.
1899. Meinertzhagen, Capt. Richard, F.Z.S. (Royal Fusiliers) ;
c/o Messrs. Cox & Co., 16 Charing Cross, S.W. 265 1886. MiLLAis, John Guille, F.Z.S. ; Compton's Brow, Horsham,
Sussex. 1903. Mills, The Rev. Henry Holroyd, M.A., F.Z.S. ; The Rectory,
St. Stephen-in-Brannel, Grampound Road, Cornwall. 1879. Mitchell, Frederick Shaw ; Hornshaws, Millstream,
B.C., Canada. 1901. Mitchell, P. Chalmers, M.A., D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S.,
F.Z.S. : Secretary to the Zoological Society of London,
Regent's Park, N.W. 189S. Monro, Sir Horace Cecil, K.C.B. ; Queen Anne's Mansions,
Queen Anne's Gate, S.W. 270 1914. MouLTON, John Coney, F.Z.S.; 4th Wiltshire Regt., Delhi,
India. 1912. MouEiTz, L. Beresfoed ; 2nd L.H. Regt., 1st Australian
Light Horse Brigade. 1886. Muiehead, George, F.R.S.E. ; Speybank, Fochabers,
Moraj'shirc.
XVIU
r)ati- of Election.
1893. Mpllens, Major William Herbert, M.A., LL.M., F.Z.S. ;
Westfield Place, Battle, Sussex. 1892. MuNN, Philip Winchester, F.Z.S. ; Stourwood Cottage, Stourwood Avenue, Southbourne, Hants, 275 1897. MuNT, Henry, F.Z.S.; 10 Ashburn Place, South Kensington, S.W. {Committee.) 1911. MuRRiT, Capt. Edward Mackenzie; Woodside, Coupar-
Angus, Perthshire. 1910. Murray, Capt. Herbert Willaume, F.Z.S. ; The Old House,
Epsom, Surrey. 1900. Musters, John Patrjcius Chaworth, D.L,, J. P. ; Annesley
Park, Nottingham. 1907. Neave, Sheffield Airey, M.A., B.Sc, F.Z.S. ; 24 De Vere Gardens, Kensington, W. 280 1882. Nelson, Thomas Hudson, J. P., M.Sc ; Seafield, Redcar, Yorks. 1895. Nesham, Robert, F.Z.S., F.E.S. ; Utrecht House, Poynder's
Road, Clapham Park, S.W. 1904. Newman, Thomas Henry, F.Z.S.; Newlands, Harrowdene
Road, Wembley, Middlesex. 1902. Nichols, John Bruce, F.Z.S. ; Parliament Mansions, Victoria
Street, S.W. 1900. Nichols, Walter Buchanan ; Stour Lodge, Bradfield, Mauningtree, Essex. 285 1876. Nicholson, Francis, F.Z.S.; The Knoll, Windermere, Westmoreland. 1902. NicoLL, Michael John, F.Z.S. ; Valhalla House, Zoological
Gardens, Giza, Egypt. 1904. NoAKES, Wickham ; Selsdon Park, Croydon, Surrey. 1892. Ogilvie, Fergus Menteith, M.A., F.Z.S. ; The Shrubbery,
72 Woodstock Road, Oxford. 1890. Ogilvie-Grant, William Robert, F.Z.S. ; British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.W. {Committee). 290 1889, Ogle, Bertram Savile ; Hill House, Steeple Aston, Oxon. 1907. Oldham, Charles, F.Z.S. ; The Bollin, Shrublands Road,
Berkhamsted, Herts. 1906. OsMASTON, Bertram Beresford (Imperial Forest Service) ;
108 Banbury Road, Oxford. 1913. Owen, John Hugh ; Old School House, Felsted, Essex. 1883. Parker, Henry, C.E. ; 26 St. George's Road, St. Annes-on- thc-Sca, Lanes.
T)atp Oi Kli-ction.
295 18S0. Paekix, Thomas, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; Fairseat, High "Wickliam, Hastings, Sussex. 1908, Patox, Edward Kichmo>'d, F.Z.S. ; Brookdale, Grassendale,
near Liverpool, Lanes. 1891. Patterson, Rohert, F.L.S., M.R.I.A. ; Glenbank, Holywood,
Co. Down, Ireland. 1911. Pattersox, William Harrt ; 25 Queen's Gate Gardens,
S.W. 1904. Peakse, Theed ; 510 Duncan Building, 119 Pender Street, W., Vancouver, British Columbia. 300 1894. Pearson, Charles Edward, F.L.S. ; Hillcrest, Lowdham, Is^'otts. 1902. Pease, Sir Alfred Edward, Bt., F.Z.S. ; Pinchinthorpe House, Guisborough, Yorkshire ; and Brooks's Club, St. James's Street, S.W. 1898. Penx, Eric Frank ; 42 Gloucester Square, W. 1891. Penrose, Fraxcis George, M.D., F.Z.S. ; Athenaeum Club,
Pall Mall, S.W. 1900. Percival, Arthur Blayney, F.Z.S.; Sports Club, St. James' Square, S.W. 305 1912. Peeshotjsb, Capt. Stanley (1st Border Eegt.) ; 12 Chats- worth Square, Carlisle. 1886. Phillips, Exhelbert Lort, F.Z.S. ; 79 Cadogan Square, S.W. 1893. Pigott, Sir Thomas Digby, K.C.B. ; The Lodge, Lower
Sheringham, Norfolk. 1914. Pitman, Charles Robert Senhotjse (Lieut. 27th Punjabis);
Drewton, Chelstou, Torquay, 1908. Player, W. J. Percy ; The Quarr, Clydach, R.S.O., Glamor- ganshire. 3 1 o 1907. PococK, Reginald Ixxes, F.R.S., F.L.S.,F.Z.S. ; Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W. 1905. Pollard, Capt. Arthur Erskine St. Vincent (The Border
Regiment) ; Haynford Hall, iS'orwich, Norfolk. 1896. PoPHAM, HrGH Leyborne, M.A. ; Hunstret e House, Pensford,
near Bristol, Gloucestershire. 1898, Price, Athelstan Elder, F.Z.S. ; 4 Mincing Lane, E.C. 1903. Proctor, Major Frederick William (late West Riding Regt.) ; Downfield, Maidenhead, Berks. 315 1901. Proud, John T. ; Dellwood, Bishop Auckland, Durham.
1893. Pycraft, William Plane, F.Z.S. ; British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, S.AV.
XX
Date of Election.
1903. Ralfe, Pilchee George ; The Parade, Castletown, Isle
of Man. 1903. PtATCLiFF, Frederick Eowlinson ; 29 Connaught Square, W. 1879. Eawson, Herbert Evelyn ; Comyn Hill, Ilfracombe, N. Devon, 320 1894. Read, Richard Henry, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. ; Church Street, Hanley, Staffordshire. 1888. Read, Robert H.; 8 a South Parade, Bedford Park, W. 1903. Renaut, William E. ; 34 Marylebone Road, N.W. 1908. Richardson, Norman Ebederic, F.R.G.S. ; Lynndale, Manor
Road, Forest Hill, S.E. 1907. Richmond, Herbert William, M.A., F.R.S. ; King's College, Cambridge. 325 1895. Rickett, Charles Bofghey, F.Z.S. ; 27 Kendrick Road, Reading, Berks. 1896. RiProN, Lt.-Col. George, F.Z.S. ; United Service Club, Pall
Mall, S.W. 1907- Ritchie, Archibald Thomas Ayres; Magdalen College,
Oxford ; and Overstrand, near Cromer, Norfolk. 1902. Riviere, Bernard Beryl, F.R.C S. ; St. Giles's Plain,
Norwich, Norfolk. 1898. Robinson, Herbert C, C.M.Z.S. ; Selangor State Museum, Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States, -.^o 1912. Robinson, Herbert William, F.Z. S.Scot. ; Patchetts, Caton, near Lancaster. 1896. Rogers, Lt.-Col. John Middleton, D.S.O., F.Z.S. (late
1st Dragoons) ; Riverhill, Scvenoaks, Kent. 1913. Rogers, Reginald Nankivell ; Carwinion, near Falmouth, Cornwall.
1893. Rothschild, Lionel Walter, Lord, D.Sc, Ph.D., F.R.S.,
F.Z.S. ; The Zoological Museum, Tring, Herts.
1894. Rothschild, The Hon. Nathaniel Charles, M.A., F.Z.S. ;
Arundel House, Kensington Palace Gardens, AV. 335 1910. Rucker, Sir Arthur William, M.A., D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S. ;
Everington House, Newbury, Berks. 1907. Russell, Conrad George Edward, F.Z.S.; 2 Audley Square,
W. 1910. Russell, Harold, F.Z.S.; 16 Beaufort Gardens, Chelsea, S.W. 1883. St. Quinun, William Herbert, F.Z.S.; Scampston Hall,
Rilliugtoii, Yorkshire.
Date of Elfction.
iyul>. ISandeman, Capt. Robeet Preston (late 10th Hussars) ; Dan-y
Pare, Crickhowcll, S. Wales. 340 18S9. Sapsworth, Arnold Dueu, F.Z.S. ; 30 Sussex Place, Regent's
Park, N.W. 1902. Saugeaun'x, Arthur St. George ; Exbury, Padstow,
Cornwall. 1904. Sargent, James ; 76 Jcrmyn Street, S.W. 1914. Sauer, Dr. Hans, F.Z.S. ; Bath Club, Dover Street, W. 1902. Saunders, Major AVilliam Henry Radcliffe, C.E.. F.Z.S. ;
c/o Messrs. W. Saunders & Co. Ltd., 91 York Street,
"Westminster, S.W. 345 1909. Savage, The Rev. Ernest Urmson ; The Vicarage, Levens,
Milnthorpe, Westmoreland. 1891. Sclater, William Lutley, M.A., F.Z.S. ; 10 Sloane Court,
Chelsea, S.W. (Editor.)
1907. Scott, The Rev. Canon Samuel Gilbert, M.A. ; The Rectory,
Havant, Hants. 1899. Selous, Frederick Courteney, F.Z.S. ; Heatherside, Woiples- don, Surrey.
1908. Seppings, Major John William Hamilton, A.P.D. ; Army
Pay Ofl&ce, Dover, Kent. 350 1899. Serle, The Rev. William, M.A., B.D. ; The Manse, Duddiug- ston, Edinburgh. 1901. Seth-Smith, David, F.Z.S.; 34 Elsworthy Road, South
Hampstead, N.W. (Committee.) 1904. Seth-Smith, Leslie Moffat, B.A., F.Z.S. ; Alleyne, Caterham Valley, Surrey.
1909. Seton, ]\Ialcolm Cotter Cariston ; 13 Clarendon Road, Hol-
land Park, W. ; and Union Club, Trafalgar Square, S.W. 1899. Sharman, Frederic, F.Z.S. ; 47 Goldington Road, Bedford. 355 1865. Shepherd, The Rev. Charles William, M.A. , F.Z.S.; Trottis-
cliife Rectory, Maidstone, Kent. 1908. Smalley, Frederic William, F.Z.S. ; Challan HaU, Silverdale,
near Carnforth, Lanes. 1914. Smith, Major John Lindsay (Indian Army) ; Supply &
Transport Corps, Commdt. Camel Corps, Multan, Punjab,
ludia. 1906. Snouckaert van Schauburg, Baron Ren^ Charles ; Doom,
Holland. 1903. Sparrow, Lt.-Col. Richard, F.Z.S. (7th Dragoon Guards) ;
Rookwoods, Siblc Hediugham, Essex.
SER. X. VOL. Ill, b
Date of Election.
360 1906. SxAifFORD, Staff-Surgeon Cbarles Edward Cortis, B.Sc, M.B., R.N. ; 94 Jermyn Street, S.W.
1910. Stanford, Edward Eraser ; 9 Cumberland House, Kensington Court, W.
1913. Stanford, Henry Morrant ; 9 Cumberland House, Ken- sington Court, W.
1913. Stanford, John Keith ; 9 Cumberland House, Kensington
Court, W. 1915. Staples-Browne, Richard Charles, B.A.,E.Z.S. ; Bampton,
Oxon. 365 1900. Stakes, John William Chester ; Portchester, Hants.
1902. Stenhouse, John Hutton, M.B., R.N. ; Craigievar, Keptie
Road, Arbroath, Forfarshire. 1910. Stevens, Herbert; Gopaldhara, Nagri Spur P.O., Sonada,
Darjiling Himalayan Rly., India.
1906. Stkward, Edward Simmons, E.R.C.S. ; 30 Victoria Avenue,
Harrogate, Yorks.
1914. Stewart, John ; Mainshill, Beith, Ayrshire.
370 1914. Stresemajtn, Erwin ; Residenzstrasse42, Dresden, Germany.
1881. Studdt, Col. Robert Wright (late Manchester Regiment);
Waddcton Court, Brisham, Devon. 1887. Styan, Frederick William, F.Z.S. ; Stone Street, near
Sevenoaks, Kent. 1914. Sutherland, Lewis Robertson, M.B., CM., Professor of
Pathology, University of St. Andrews, N.B. ; Wellgate
House, West Newport, Fifeshire. \,
1907. SwANN, Geoffrey; 11 Onslow Crescent, S.W.
375 1905. SwANN, Harold, F.Z.S. ; 45 Brompton Square, S.W.
1887. Swinburne, John; Haenertsburg, Transvaal, South Africa.
1882. SwiNHOE, Col. Charles, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S. ; 6 Gunterstone
Road, West Kensington, W. 1884. Tait, William Chaster, C.M.Z.S. ; Entre Quintas 155, Oporto,
Portugal. 1911. Talbot-Ponsonby, Charles George ; 5 Crown Office Row,
Temple, E.C. 380 1911. Tatton, Reginald Arthur; Cuerden Hall, Bamber Bridge,
Preston, Lanes. J914. Tavistock, Hastings William Sackville, Marquis of, F.Z,S.;
Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire,
XXIU
Bate of Election.
1905. Tatlok, LioxeTj Edward, F.Z.S.; Bankhead, Kelowna,
British Columbia. 1886. Teret, Major Horace A. (late Oxfordshire Light Infantry);
Compton Grange, Compton, Guildford, Surrey. 1904. Thompson, Capt. William R., R.G.A. 3^5 1911. Thomson, A, Landsborough, M.A. ; Castleton House, Old
Aberdeen, Aberdeen. 1900. Thorburn, Archibald, F.Z.S. ; High Leybourne, Haacombe,
near Godalming, Surrey.
1893. Thorpe, Dixon L. ; Loshville, Etterby Scaur, Carlisle,
Cumberland. 1903. Ticehurst, Claud Bfchanan, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.S. ; Grove House, Lowestoft, Suffolk.
1894. TiCEHTjRST, Norman Frederic, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.S., F.Z.S. ;
35 Pevensey Road, St. Leonards-on-Sea, Sussex. 390 1902. TowNSEND, Reginald Gilliat, M.A. ; Buckholt, West
Tytherley, Salisbury, Wilts. 1914. Treatt, Chaplin Court ; British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, S.W. 1893. Trevor-Battte, Aubyn, F.Z.S. ; Asbford Chace, Petersfield,
Hants. ; and Royal Societies Club, St. James's Street,
S.W. 1913. TucKWELL, Edward Henry, F.Z.S. ; Berthope, Compton,
near Guildford, Surrey.
1911. Tyrwhitx-Drake, Hugh Garrard, F.Z.S. ; Cobtree, Sandling,
Maidstone, Kent. 395 1864. Upcher, Henry Morris, F.Z.S.; Sheringham Hall, Cromer, Norfolk.
1907. Van Oort, Dr. Eduard Daniel ; Museum of Natural History,
Ley den, Holland. 1910. Van Someren, Dr. Robert Abraham Logan ; Jinja, Uganda, British East Africa.
1912. Van Someren, Dr. Victor Gurnet Logan ; Uganda Medical
Staff, c/o Post Office, Nairobi, British East Africa.
1908. Vaughan, Matthew ; The Limes, Marlborough, Wilts.
400 1906. Vaughan, Commd. Robert E., R.N. ; Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham.
1913. Venning, Capt. Francis Esmond Wingate ; 31st Punjabis,
Fort San de man, Baluchistan.
Date of Ek'ction.
1881. Vernek, Co]. William WiLLOTrGHiix Cole (late Rifle Brigade) ; Hartford Bridge, AVinchfield, Hants. ; and United Service Club, S.W.
1902. Wade, Edward W^alter; Middelburg, North Ferriby, East
Yorks. 1886. Wade-Dalton, Col. H. D. ; Hauxwell Hall, Finghall, R.S.O.,
Yorkshire. 405 1895. Wallis, Henry Marriage ; Ashton Lodge, Christehurch
Eoad, Eeading, Berks. 1914. Wall-Eow, James ; 67 Longridge Eoad, Earl's Court,
S.W.
1899. Walton, Major Herbert James, M.D., P.E.C.S., C.M.Z.S.,
I.M.S. ; c/o Messrs. King, King & Co., P.O. Box N"o. 110, Bombay, India. ]872. Wardlaw-Eamsat, Col. Eobert George, E.Z.S. ; Whitehill, EoseweU, Midlothian. (President.)
1903. Watt, Httgh Boyd, F.Z.S. ; 12 Great James Street, Bedford
Eow, W.C. 410 1912. Wells, Charles Henry; Broomfield, 80 Brookhouse Hill, Fulwood, ShciReld, Yorks.
1912. Wenner, Max Yictor ; Burnside, Prcstbury, near Maccles-
field, Cheshire.
1900. Westell, W. Percital, F.L.S. ; Yerulam, The Icknicld
Way, Letchworth, Herts.
1913. Whistler, Hren (Indian Police) ; c/o Messrs. King, King
& Co., Bombay, India. 1891. WuiTAKER, Benjamin Ingham ; Hesley Hall, Tickhill, Eother-
ham, Yorks. 415 1891. Whitaker, Joseph I. S., F.Z.S. ; Malfitano, Palermo,
Sicily. 1909. White, Henry LrKE ; Belltrees, Scone, New South Wales,
Australia. 1912. White, Capt. Samuel Albert; Wetunga, Fulham, South
Australia. 1903, White, Stephen Joseph, F.Z.S. ; Merok, Chiltern Eoad,
Chesham Bois, Chesham, Bucks. 1903. Whitehead, Major Charles Hugh Tempest ; Deighton
Grove, York, 420 1912. Whymper, Samuel Leigh ; Oxford Mansions, Oxford Street,
W, ; and Oriental Club, Hanover Square, W.
Date of Elfotion.
1914. WrcKnAM, Percy Frederic ; c/o Messrs. Thos. Cook & Son,
llangoon, Burma.
1898. WiGLEswoRTit, Joseph, M.D., F.R.C.P.; Springfield House,
Winscombe, Somerset.
1915. Wild, Oliver Hilton, Applegarth, Queen's Road, Chelten-
ham, Gloucestershire.
1894. Wilkinson, Johnson ; Vermont, Huddersfield, Yorkshire. 425 1912. Wilkinson, William Arthur, F.Z.S, ; Dumcrieff, Tudor Hill,
Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire. 1897. Wilson, Allan Read, B.A., M.B., B.Ch. ; Eagle House, Blandford, Dorset.
1888. Wilson. Charles Joseph, F.Z.S. ; 34 York Terrace, Regent's
Park, In .W.
1887. Wilson, Scott Barchaed, F.Z.S. ; Heatherbank, Weyb ridge Heath, Surrey.
1897. Witheeby, Harry Forbes, F.Z.S.; 3 Cannon Place, Hampstead, N.W. 430 1908. WiTHERiNGTON, Gavynne ; 19 Sumncr Place, South Ken- sington, S.W.
1899. Wollaston, Alexander Frederick Richmond, B.A. ;
15 Montpelier Square, S.W. 1912. Wood, Martin Stanley, M.D. ; Cheadle Royal, Cheadle,
Cheshire. 1912. WooDHousE, Cecil, M.I). ; Chetnole, Sherborne, Dorset. 1902. Workman, William Hughes ; Lismore, Windsor, Belfast,
Ireland. 435 1912. WoRMALD, Hugh ; Heathfield, Dereham, Norfolk.
1904. Wright, William Crawford; Roslyn, Marlborough Park, N.,
Belfast, Ireland. 1908. Wynne, Richard Owen; Foulis Court, Fair Oak, Hants.
1895. Yerbury, Lt.-Col. John William (late R.A.), F.Z.S. ; 2 Ryder
Street, St. James's, S.W. ; and Army and Navy Club, S.W.
1889. Young, Capt. James B., R.N. ; Tytherley, Wimborne,
Dorset.
Extra-Ordinary Mem her.
1899. Godwin-Austen, Lt.-Col. Henry Hayersham, F.R.S., F.Z.S, ; Nore, Hascombe, Godalmiiig, Surrey.
Honorary Members.
Date of Election.
19u7. Allen, Joel Asaph, Ph.D., F.M.Z.S. ; American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York, U.S.A.
1914. BiANCHi, Dr. Valentine; Imperial Zoological Museum,
Petrograd, Russia.
1872. FiNSCH, Prof. Dr. Otto, C.M.Z.S. ; Leonliardplatz 5, Bruns- wick, Germany.
1898. GoELDT, Prof. Dr. Emil A., C.M.Z.S.; Zieglerstrasse 36, Berne, Switzerland.
1893. Reichenow, Dr. Anton, C.M.Z.S. ; Museum fiir Naturkuiule, Invalidenstrasse, Berlin, Germany.
1915. Richmond, Charles Wallace ; United States National
Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
1903. lliDGWAY, Robert, C.M.Z.S.; Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D.C., U.S.A.
1890. Salvadori, Count Tommaso, M.D., F.M.Z.S. ; Royal Zoological Museum, Turin, Italy.
1914. ScHALow, Prof. Herman ; Hohenzollerndamm 50, Berlin-
Grunewald, Germany.
Honorary Lady Members.
1910. Bate, Miss Dorothy M. A. ; Bassendean House, Gordon,
Berwickshire.
1911. Baxter, Miss Evelyn Yida ; The Grove, Kirkton of Largo,
Fifeshire.
1910. Bedford, Mary, Duchess of, F.Z.S. ; Wohurn Abbey, Beds.
1915. Jackson, Miss Annie C. ; Swordale, Evanton, Ross-shire.
; 1910. Lemon, Mrs. Margaretta Louisa, F.Z.S. ; Hillcrest, Rcdhill, Surrey.
1911. RiNTOUL, Miss Leonora Jeffrey ; Lahill, Largo, Fifeshire. 1915. Snethlage, Dr. Emilie ; Goeldi Museum, Pani, Brazil. 1910. Turner, Miss Emma Louisa, F.Z.S.; The Old Rectory,
Girtoii, Cambridge.
Colonial Members. 1904. Campbell, Archibald James ; Custom House, Melbourne,
Australia. 1908. Farquhar, John Henry Joseph, B.Sc, N.D.A. ; Assistant
Conservator of Forests, Calabar, Southern Nigeria,
West Africa.
Date of Election.
I'JlU. Flemixg, James H., C.M.Z.S. ; 2G7 Rusholme Road, Toronto,
Canada. 11)09. Haagner, Alwin Karl, F.Z.S. ; Director of the Zoological
Gardens, Box 75-i, Pretoria, South Africa. 5 1908. Hall, Robert, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S. ; c/o Tasmanian Museum,
Hobart, Tasmania. 1914. Leach, JoHii Albert, M.A., D.Sc. ; c/o Education Depart- ment, Melbourne, Australia. 1903. Legge, Col. W. YiNCENi ; Cullenswood House, St. Mary's,
Tasmania. 1905. Macoun, Johx, M.A., F.R.S.C. ; Naturalist to the Geological
Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. 1903. North, Alfred J., C.M.Z.S. ; Australian Museum, Sydney,
New South Wales, Australia, lo 1907. Swynnertox, Charles Francis Massy, F.L.S. ; Gungunyana,
Melsetter, South Rhodesia.
Foreign Members,
1909. Alpherakt, Sergius N. ; Imperial Academy of Science,
Petrograd, Russia. 1880. BtJREATJ, Dr. Louis ; Ecole de Medecine, Nantes, France. 1906. BiJTTiKOFER, Dr. Johannes, C.M.Z.S. ; Director of the
Zoological Garden, Rotterdam, Holland. 1906. BoTURLiN, Sergius A. ; Wesenberg, Esthonia, Russia, e 1902. Chapman, Frank Michler ; American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York, U.S.A. 187o. DoRiA, Marchese Giacomo, F.M.Z.S. ; Strada Nuova 6, Genoa,
Italy. 1914. Hellmayr, Carl E. ; Wittelsbacherstrasse 2 III., Munich, Germany.
1902. Ihering, Dr. Herman von, C.M.Z.S. ; Museu Paulista, Sao
Paulo, Brazil. 1914. LoNNBERG, Prof. Dr. A.J. Einae, F.M.Z.S.; Director of the Zoological Museum, Stockholm, Sweden. 10 1886. Madakasz, Dr. Julius von; National Museum, Budapest, Hungary.
1903. Martoeelli, Prof. Dr. Giacinto; Museo Civico di Storia
Naturale, Milan, Italy. 1894. Menzbiee, Prof. Dr. Michael, C.M.Z.S. ; University for Women, Devitchje, Pola, Moscow, Russia.
Date of Election.
1905. Oberholsek, Harky Church ; Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
1900. Eeiser, Dr. Otmar ; Landes Museum, Sarajevo, Bosnia, Austria. 15 1900. SiEJifEGER, Leonhard, C.M.Z.S. ; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
1914. Stoxe, Dr. Wither ; Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia, Pa., U.S.A.
1902. StJSHKiN, Dr. Peter, C.M.Z.S. ; Zootomical Cabinet and Museum, The University, Kharkov, Uussia.
1911. TsCHTJSI Zir SCBCMIDHOFFEN, ViGTOR, RiTTER VON; Villa
Tiinnenhof, bei Hallein, Salzburg, Austria. 189G. WiNGE, Herltjf, C.M.Z.S.; University Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.
CONTENTS OP VOL. I IL— TENTH SERIES.
(1915.)
Number I., January.
Ppge
I. On a Collection of Birds from British East Africa and Uganda, presented to the British Museum by Capt. G. S. Cozens. — Part I. Struthioniformes-Pelecaniformes. By Claude H. B. Grant, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. With Field-Notes hy the Collector, Willoughby P. Lowe, M.B.O.U. (Plates I., I[., and Text-figures 1, 2.) 1
II. A recent Ornithological Discovery in Australia. By Gregory M. Mathews, F.R.S.E., M.B.O.U 76
III. The Crested Penguin (Cafarrliactes clirjjsocome Forster)
in Australian Waters. By H. Stuart Dove, M.R.A.O.U. . . 86
IV. Report on the Birds collected by the late Mr. Boyd Alexander (Ilifle Brigade) during his last Expedition to Africa. — Part II. The Birds of St. Thomas' Island. By David
A. Bannerman, B.A., M B.O.U., F.R.G.S 89
V. Note on the Genus Ithagenes. By E. C. Stuart Baker, M.B.O.U. (Plate III.) . . * 122
VI. A Few Notes on Tetrao uror/allus and its Allies. By COLLINGWOOD Ingram, M.B.O.U 128
SEll. X. VOL. III. C
XXX CONTENTS.
Page
VIT. Notes on the Bird-Life of Eastern Algeria. By the Kev. F. C. R. JouRDAiN, M.A., M.B.O.U. With Contributions by H. M. Wallis, M.B.O.U., and F. K. Ratclipf, M.B O.U. . 133
YIIl. Notices of recent Ornithological Publications: —
Ghidini on rare Alpine Birds ; Goeldi on the Birds of Swit- zerland ; Grinuell on a new Red-winged Blackbird ; Mathews on Australian Birds ; North on the Birds of New South Wales; Eoberts on South African Birds ; Schiller on the Races of the Eidvr-Duck ; Selitrmann aud Shattock on Spermatogenesis in the Mallard; Shufeldt on the Eggs of Himiming-Birds : Swarth on Arizona Birds ; Williams on the Birds of Sarawak : The Auk ; The Australian Zoologist ; Avicultural Magazine and List of other Ornithological Publications received ... 170
IX. Letters, Extracts, and Notes : —
Letter from Mr. A. L. Butler ; The Final Extinction of the Passenger Pigeon ; Zoological Record for 1913 ; The New Edition of the B. 0. U. List of British Birds 181
Number II., April.
X. Notes on the Ornithology of the Matopo District, Southern Rhodesia. By L. Beresford Mouritz, M.B.O.U., M.S.A.O.U 185
XI. Notes on the Ornithology of Cyprus. By F. R. S. Baxendale, M.B.O.U 217
XII. Report on the Birds collected by the late Mr. Boyd Alexander (Rifle Brigade) during his last Expedition to Africa. — Part III. The Birds of Annobon Island. By David
A. Bannerman, B.A., M.B.O.U., F.R.G.S 227
XIII. On a Collection of Birds from British East Africa and Uganda, presented to the British Museum by Capt. G. P. Cozens. — Part II. Accipitriformes-Cypseli. By Clatjpe H. B. Grant, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. With Field-Notes by the Collector, WiLLOUGHBY P. LowE, M.B.O.U. (Plate IV. and Text- figures 3 & 4.) 235
XIV. The " Mauritius Hen " of Peter Mundy. By W. L. ScLATER, M.A., M.B.O.U. (Text-figure 5.) 31G
CONTENTS. SXxi
Page
XV. Coloration as a Factor in Family and Generic Differen- tiation. By PERcr 11. Lowe, E.A., M.B., M.B.O.U 320
XVI. Mixed Bird-parties. By C. F. M. SwrNNEEXON, C.M.B.O.U 346
XVII. A Note on Loxia j)Viyopsittacus. By CLAro B. TicEHUKsr, M.A., M.li.C.S., M.B.O.U 355
XVIII. The New B.O.U. List of British Birds. By Dr. E. Haktekt, M.B.O.U 358
XIX. Obituary. Capt. P. S. G. Keid ; Lieut. K. F. Mbikle- joHN 365
XX. Notices of recent Ornithological Publications : —
B. 0. C. Migration Report ; Chapman on new Neotropical Birds ; Miss Haviland on the Yeuesei ; Hefrring's Report on Birds at Danish Lights ; Howard on British Warblers ; Huxley on the Courtship of the Great Crested Grebe ; Montague on the Birds of the Monte Bello Islands ; North on the Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds ; Wetmore on the tail of Rhinoplax ; Bird- Lore ; Irish Naturalist; Scottish Naturalist; Transactions of the Norfolk Naturalists' Society ; and List of other Ornitho- logical Publications received 368
XXI. Letters, Extracts, and Notes : —
Letters from J. C. Moulton, Dr. C. B. Ticehurst, D. A. Bannerman, Tom Iredale : The Annual General Meeting of the British Ornithologists' Union ; The new B. 0. U. List of British Birds 383
Number III., July.
XXII. Notes on Bird Migration at the Mouth of the Yenesei River, Siberia, as observed in the Autumn of 1914. By Matjd
D. Haviland 395
XXIII. On a Collection of Birds from British East Africa and Uganda, presented to the British Museum by Capt. G. P. Cozens. — Part III. Colii-Pici. By Claude H. B. Grant, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. With Field - Notes by the Collector, WiLLouQHBY P. LowE, M.B.O.U. (Plate V. and Text- figure t).) 400
XXXU CONTENTS.
Page
XXIV. Eeport on the Birds collected by tlie late Mr. Boyd Alexander (Eifle Brigade) during his last Expedition to Africa. — Part IV. The Birds of Cameroon Mountain. By David A. Bannekman, B.A., M.B.O.U., F.B.G.S. (Plates
VI. & VII.) 473
XXV. Notes on some Waders. By Eexst Haetert, M.E.O.U., and Annie C. Jackson, H.M.B.O.U. (Text- figure T.) 526
XXVI. Xotes on the Ornithology of the Matopo District, Southern Rhodesia. — Part II. By L. Beresfokd Mouritz, M.B.O.U., M.S.A.O.U. (Test-figure 8.) 534
XXVII. On some Petrels from the North-east Pacific Ocean. By Gregory M. Mathews, M.B.O.U., and Tom Ikedale, M.B.O.U. (Text-figure 9.) 572
XXVIII. Studies on the Charadriiformes. — I. On the Systematic Position of the Huff" (Machetes pugnax) and the Semipalmated Sandpiper (Ereunetes ^«m/??(s), together with a Review of some Osteological characters which differentiate the Eroliinae (Dunlin group) from the Tringinae (Redshank group). By Percy R. Lowe, M.B., M.B.O.U. (Text- figures 10 & 11.) 009
XXIX. Obituary. Lord Brabourne ; Cecil M. Dyer ;
R. Lydekker ; Hans Grae VON Berlepsch 617
XXX. Notices of recent Ornithological Publications : —
Eaton on the Birds of New York ; Festa on his Col- lecting Expedition to South Italy ; Ghidini on the Waxwing in Italy ; Grinnell on a new Screech-OwI ; Gurney's Ornithological Report for 1914 ; Haagner on South African Birds ; Matiiews on Australian Birds ; Miller on the Bird's Wing ; Moulton on the Birds of Borneo ; Robinson on Ringing Larus ridibuyidus ; Salvador! on the History of the Turin Museum ; Salvadori's recent minor Notices ; Miss Sherman on Feeding Hummiug-Birds ; Shufeldt ou the
Page Passenger Pigeon ; Tliorbiirn's British Birds ; Wetniore on a new Hawk from Porto Rico ; White on Birds from Central Australia ; Cassinia ; The Condor ; Journal of the South African Ornithologists' Union ; Year-book of the Dutch Bird-Club; and List of other Ornithological Publications received 0:^1
XXXI. Letters, Extracts, and Notes : —
Letters from R. Etlieridge, Junr., and J. Lewis Bonhote ; Conserve the Collector ; Notices to Members 6^7
XuMHEK IV., Ocloher.
XXXII. Report on the Eirds collected by the late Mr. Boyd Alexander (Rifle Jirigade) during his last Expedition to Africa, — Part V. List of the Hirds obtained in the Manenguba Moun- tains (Cameroon). Ry David A. RaxnekjiaiN, B.A., M.B.O.U., E.R.G.S 643
XXXIII. On the Plumages of the Male Crossbill (Lo.via ciirvlrosira). Ry Clauu R. Ticeuursx, M.A., M.R.C.S., M.R.O.U 0G2
XXXIV. Ornithologico,! Xotes from the Alix and Ruffalo Lake Districts, Piovince of Alberta, Canada, 1914. Ry Charles R. Horsbkugh G70
XXXV. Studies on the Charadriiforraes. — II. On the Osteology of the Chatham Island ISnipe {Coenocoryiiha imsllla Ruller). Ry Percy R. Loave, M.ii., M.R.O.U. (Plate Vlil. and Text-tigures 12-14.) G90
XXXVI. Xote on the Xestling Plumage of tlie Asiatic Golden ^Xoyqv [Charach-ias domiincanus falvus). Ry Maud D. Havilakd 7X(j
XXXIV CONTENTS,
Page
XXXVII. On Birds collected by Mr. C. Boden Kloss, F.R.G.S., M.B.O.U., on the Coast and Islands of South- eastern Siam. By H. C. Robinson, M.B.O.U., C.M.Z.S. With Pield-Notes by the Collector 718
XXXVIII. The Avifauna of Central America : a Study in Geographical Distribution. By W. P. Pyckaft, British Museum, Natural History 761
'XXXIX. Obituary. E. B. Woosnam (Plate IX.); L. N. G. Ramsay 781
XL. Notices of recent Ornithological Publications : —
Blathwayt on the Birds of Lincolntliire ; Burns on the Length of tlie Incubation-period in Jiirds ; Butiirlin on Russian and Eastern Palsearctic Birds; Chapman on new Colombian and Central A merican Birds ; Coale on the Trumpeter Swan ; Cory on new South American Birds ; Labbene on new Argentine Birds ; Mathews on Australian Birds ; Murphy on the Penguins of South Georgia ; Bobiiisou and Kloss on Col- lections of Malayan Birds ; Stevens on the Birds of Assam ; Stuart Baker on the Silver Pheasant ; Taverner on the Canadian Cormorant and the Salmon ; The Austral Avian Record ; British Birds ; The Emu ; and List of other Publications received 785
XLI. Letters, Extracts, and Notes : —
Letter from G. M. Mathews ; List of M.B.O.U. serving with II. M. Forces ; Discovery in New Zealand ; Honour for a M.B.O.U 800
Index of Scientific Names 807
Index of Contents 825
Titlepage, Dates of Issue of 'The Ibis' for 1915, List of Members, Contents, List of Plates, and List of Text- figures.
LIST OF PLATE?. XXXV
LIST OF PLATES IN VOL. III.
TEXTH SERIES.
Page I. Sketch-map of parts of Uganda and the East Africa
Protectorate 8
II. Francolinus hildehrandti altumi, $ 10
III. 1. Ithagenes tibetanus. 2. 1, cnientus. 3. I. luseri . 122
IV. j\leliUophagHS variegatus hangweoloensis .... 297 V. Tracliyphoyius emini, c? and 5 449
VI. Sketch-map of tlie Cameroon Highlands .... 473 VII. 1. Nesochnris slielleyi, S and 2 • -• Lagonosticia
dghoivsJcii, cS and $ 514
VIII. Skulls of Scolopaeine and Allied Porms .... 690
IX. Ilichard Bowen Woosnam 781
LIST OF TEXT-FTGURES.
List of Text-Figures.
1. Heads of Baringo Tufted Guinea-Fowl (iVjjHu'f^rt piiZo-
rhynclm rendilis (Lonnberg) 28
2. Heads of Podiceps cristatus cristatus and P. c. infus-
catus 50
3. Heads of adult male and female of Loplioceros declceni
and L. jacJcsoni 27.5
4. Fourth secondary of three males of Uptqxi senegcdensis . 279
5. Peter Mundy's " Mauritius Hen " 318
6. Heads of Turacus livingstonii livingntonii and T. sclialoivi
srlialowi 409
7. Bills of Charadrhis alexcfndrinus dadhatus, C. a. aJex-
andrinus, and C. a. se(d>olimi 528
8. Outer tail-feather of Macronyx capensis 500
9. Bills of Pt(ff,nuH hannermani and CaJonectris leucomelas . 593 10. Structure of the premaxilla^ in Ereunetes pusillua,
Erolia aljnna, Maclietes pugnax, Tringa ccdidris,
and 2\ vehularia 611
il. Palatal structure of the skulls of Tringa nehidaria,
Erolia alpina, ajidi. Machetes pugnax 613
12. Lateral view of the skulls of Lymnoeryptes gallinula,
C<X7iocorypha pusilla, Gallinago galUnago, and Scolopax rusiicola 704
13. Palatal region oi Lymnoc,ryp)tes, Gallinago, Coenocorypha,
and Scolo2)ax 709
14. Anterior view of the Sterna of ComocorypJia, Lymno-
eryptes, Gallinago, and Scolopax 713
THE IBIS.
TENTH SERIES.
Vol. III. No. 1. JANUARY 1915.
I. — On a Collection of Birds from British East Africa and Uganda, presented to the British Museum by Capt. G. S. Cozetis. — Part I. Struthioniformes — Pelecaniformes. By Claude H. B. Grant, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. With Field Notes by the Collector, Willoughby P. Lowe, M.B.O.U.
(Plates I. & 11. and Text-figures 1 & 2.)
Introduction.
The collection which I am about to discuss was made by Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe, who, at the request of Capt. G. S. Cozens, was recommended by the British Museum of Natural History to accompany him as naturalist on his recent expedition through British East Africa and Uganda. Mr. Lowers previous excellent work as a collector is well known, and tlie present collection has fully come up to his usual high standard, both in numbers and species; and I may perhaps be allowed to congratulate the collector on the results, and also Capt. Cozens, without whose generosity this interesting series would never have been obtained. On the 19th of August, 1912, Mr. Lowe left England and
SER. X. VOL. III. B
2 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
joined Capt. Cozens at Nairobi on the 17th of the follow- ing month.
Two separate trips were made during the few months spent in East Africa ; the first from Kijabe Station, south- wards to the Anglo-German Border, and back to Naivasha Station, between Sept. 24 and Dec. 9, 1912 ; and the second trip starting from Nakuro Station, northwards through the always interesting Rift Valley, and across to Nimule and Gondokoro on the AVhite Nile, between Dec. 21, 1912, and March 5, 1913.
A few birds were also obtained at Kikuyu, on Mr. Judd's farm, on Sept. 21, 22, and 23, before starting for the Anglo- German Boundary, and again on the return at Lake Naivasha on Dec. 12, before leaving for the north.
The new subspecies described here or in the Bulletin of the B.O.C. are three in number, as follows : —
Pterocles quadricinctus lowei, Stigmatopelia senegalensis sokotrce, and Scopus umbretta bannermani.
The classification followed is that of Dr. Sharpe's ' Hand- list of Birds, ^ and in every case I have given reference only to the original description of each species or subspecies ; all these have been personally checked, and where other works have been mentioned, the reference has been included in the matter under discussion.
I have also followed the modern and useful rule of trinomials wherever necessary, and have endeavoured to keep strictly to priority, as only by this means can all controversy on the question of names be ultimately eliminated.
I have to thank Mr. Ogilvie-Grant for so kindly allowing me to work out this collection, and for much help and advice, Mr. Tom Iredale for very considerable help on questions of nomenclature, and Mr. W. L. Sclater for valuable assistance.
I also have to thank Mr. Charles Chubb and Mr. Thomas Wells, of the Bird Room, for much assistance.
Birds from British East Africa and Uyanda. 3
This part covers the collection up to the end of the Pelicans, and includes 92 species and subspecies.
Mr. Willoughby Lowe's field and other notes are enclosed in square brackets to distinguish them from my own comments.
Description of the Route.
Mr. Lowe has kindly sent me a description of the country passed through and the difficulties experienced by Capt. Cozens' party ; these include some interesting notes on the fauna and flora, amongst which attention may be drawn to a valuable new record of the occurrence in British East Africa of Verreaux's Eagle.
I will here leave Mr. Lowe to continue the tale of the expedition, the route of which can be followed on the map specially prepared to illustrate it (Plate L).
" A few days having been spent at Nairobi, we left for Mr. Judd's farm near Kikuyu ; around there the country is open and very fertile, with coffee plantations and a few clumps of trees planted here and there. Birds were plentiful. From Kikuyu we proceeded to Kijabe Station, where we picked up our porters and started for the southern trip. The country between Kijabe and Mt. Suswa was at first wooded, and later opened out into extensive plains which were found to be hot, dry, and dusty. No water could be had until we reached Mt. Suswa, even then it was not at all plentiful, and by no means good. Our camp was pitched at the foot of Mt. Suswa, where game abounds and is very tame. Ostriches were quite numerous, and in the bush skirting the plains I surprised a fine male within range of my 12-bore. Leaving Mt. Suswa we moved on to the Mau Escarpment, passing westwards across the Loita Plains and Lemek Valley to the Amala River, which we reached on Oct. 9. The country hereabouts is very grassy and park-like and teems with game, and birds are likewise abundant. It was along this river, under a shady tree, that on Oct. 23 I flushed a Pennant-winged
b2
4 Mr. C. H. B, Grant on a Collection of
Nightjar, and so interested and surprised was I at my first sight of this curious bird, that I allowed it to escape across the river ; unfortunately this was the only time this bird was seen.
" By Oct. 25 we were twelve miles east of the Amala River and only eight miles from the Anglo-German Boundary, where there is a pleasant little water-course with large trees and dense foliage. Here several new birds were observed, such as Trogous, Bush-Robin, etc. ; whilst baboons abounded, feeding on the fruit of the wild fig. Four days later we were west of Leganisho — the country being very stony and well wooded, the small stream run- ning in places through solid rock with deep holes and precipitous banks. On Nov. 2 we arrived at the Narossura River, with its clear running water and banks fringed with tall junipers and other bushes. Francolins (Fternistes leucoscepus infuscatus) were common, and large Swifts passed up and down the stream high overhead. From the Narossura we moved to Leugototo, and pitched our camp at 6000 ft. in a good buffalo country, well wooded and watered, and surrounded with hills. On Nov. 12 we moved again to the Narossura River, and camped at 5000 ft. ; the country being stony near the river, as also are the dry hills, which are dotted with a few small trees and bushes, with luxuriant grass in places. Below our camp the river rushes down and over a waterfall of about 200 ft. to meet the southern Guaso Nyiro. On Nov. 19 the Martial Eagle {Spizaetus bellicosus) was observed. The tsetse fly being bad below, we left our dogs and mules behind and descended to Lake Magadi, which we could see from our camp, and so to the southern Guaso Nyiro. Down there the weather became hot, and travelling was difficult owing to the deep ravines which intersect the country. Here the first pair of Pygmy Sparrow Hawks {Accipiter minullus) were seen, and assembled on the ground beneath the trees were small flocks of Weavers {Textor) in company with Francolins and other birds.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 5
''On Nov. 24 we left the southern Gaaso Nyiro on our homeward journey, and crossing the Mau Escarpment, with its forests of juniper and grassy glades, we descended the escarpment at the southern end of beautiful Lalie Naivasha, and followed the eastern shore to the railway- station. From here we entrained for Nairobi, where we arrived on Dec. 9. The packing and despatching of the specimens being completed, and having obtained a fresh supply of provisions, we left Nairobi for Naknro on Dec. 16. Here Capt. Lambert joined our party. At Nakuro some delay was caused on account of quarantine and non-arrival of some goods, but we at last made a start for Bariugo on Dec. 21, our final objective being Nimule on the White Nile. The party now consisted of Capt. Cozens, Capt. Lambert, Mr. Judd, and myself. By the aid of ox-wagons and a dozen porters, we reached Lake Hannington on Dec. 25, and transferred our baggage to camels which were in charge of eight armed Somalis. Two days later we arrived at the post of Baringo, a desolate spot ; the lake, however, looked very interesting, and it is to be regretted that time did not allow us an opportunity of visiting it. Our camels being overloaded we succeeded with great difficulty in buying two more, as well as a couple of donkeys.
" On January 2 our party were safely over an escarpment, and two days later we crossed the Kerio River. The country had now become flat and dry, and to the west of us lay the Suk Hills. It was hereabouts that we passed quite close to a herd of some 200 elephants. We pushed on to the Weiwei River, the country being still dry and stony, dotted with small thorn bushes, and intersected by a few dry water-courses : along the banks might be seen an occasional Mongoose {Helogale percivali), or a Dik-Dik {Rhynchotragus nasoguttatus). N^gabotok, the last British outpost, was reached on Jan. 10, where we were cordially received by Capt. Booth, who very kindly found us a native guide and interpreter, besides giving us some additional
6 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
much-needed water-bags. Following the Turkwel River, which near here disappears in the sandy river-bed, we crossed a dry and barren country covered with a few scattered bushes where birds were generally scarce, except Doves, which were very numerous ; the Lesser Koodoo was also common. The Turkanos obtain water from wells in the bed of this river, and the shepherds carry, or rather drag after them, hooked sticks 30 ft. long to shake down seeds and leaves from the trees for their half-starved goats. Some unpleasantness with the natives made us glad, on Jan. 16, to leave this spot for the Kozibiri River. From now on we suffered for want of water — even digging in the white sandy river-bed. was of no avail — and we were therefore not sorry on Jan. 20 to find a mineral spring much frequented by elephants ; unfortunately, fly being discovered at 2400 ft., our hard-worked camels, which were already seriously diminishing in numbers, had to move on without their much-needed rest. We now ascended the Maroto Mts., and camped at 4000 ft. in a euphorbia-covered country. No water was to be had until Jan. 24, on which date a beautiful spring was discovered, and such game as Giraffe, Koodoo, and a new form of Duiker {Cephalophus grimmia luted) were plentiful, whilst Guinea Fowls and. other birds abounded. Here there were signs of cultivation by the Karamojans, who live in beehive-shaped huts, in almost inaccessible places. At this spring I had the pleasure of seeing at quite close quarters a pair of Verreaux's Eagles (Aquila verreauxi), which were hunting hyraxes along a perpendicular cliff, full of large but inaccessible caves. Meeting these birds at this place was of great interest, as in the ' Fauna of S. Africa,' vol. iii. 1903, p. 293, Stark and Sclater mention that " Verreaux's Eagle is found in the highlands of Shoa, and reappears in southern Africa, but has not hitiierto been noticed between these distant points." On Jan. 28 we descended to 4400 ft., where a good stream of water flowed^ and here we waited for our weary transport,
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 7
" From this camp Cozens and I climbed with difficulty a peak 8000 ft. high, and saw for the first time a Karamojan village. Baboons, Klipspringers {Oreotragus o. schillingsi), and Reedbuck were seen, though birds were scarce. How- ever, a pair of Francolins [Francolinus uluensis) were found at 7500 ft., and a pair of Rock Chats {Thamnolcea subrufipennis) were secured. These hillsides were very stony, though grass was abundant ; bushes somewhat resembling rhododendrons are found here, and mistletoe with yellow berries was noted, but the large trees were found chiefly along the streams at the bottom of the ravines.
"At the end of January we left the Marotos for Annamuget and Bakoro, and on this road water could only be had by digging to a depth of 30 feet. The natives were now more friendly, and by Feb. 3 we had passed the Lobor Mts., and at an altitude of 3900 ft. we found water at eight feet below the surface. The Bakoro Plains are grassy and devoid of game, and only a few Larks, Bustards, and Ostriches were seen. The surrounding mountains are shaped like mole-hills. We passed along the north-east slope of the Nakwai Hills on Feb. 8, where the country is fairly level and bushy ; on these hills I first met with White-headed Barbets. We had the misfortune to lose three more camels on this trek. The next day we departed for Kamchuru, which lies at an altitude of 3250 ft. in a well-wooded and fertile country, where we were glad to spend some days • resting. To this point our loss of transport animals had been great, compelling us to abandon everything but necessaries. Passing through thickly wooded country, we pressed on for Kittigom, a new, pretty, and healthy out- post of the King's African Rifles ; on reaching there we found all the officers were away. We therefore sent a runner to Nimule to try and get porters, and were lucky enough to find ten men on the spot. Once more getting on the move, Feb. 23 saw us at Falabek, 2300 ft. above sea-level, and on the 25th we crossed the Assua River. The temperature now rose to 108° in the shade, and we
8
Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
were not sorry to reach Nimule the following day. Here we succeeded in getting some fresh porters, and, parting with the few camels that had survived, we ])ushed rapidly on, travelling chiefly at night, and reached Gondokoro on Mar. 5. The packing of our specimens, which novv totalled over 1'2()0 birds and 227 mammals, besides reptiles and insects, took some days. Travelling via Cairo and Port Said, we landed in England after nearly seven and a half months' absence, during which time not one of us had had a day^s illness.^'
Itinerary of the Expedition.
The following is a dated itinerary showing the various localities at which birds were collected, all of which will be found in the map (PI. I.) : —
First journey from Kijabe Station, ^^est and south to the German border, and east-north-east to Naivasha Station.
Sept. 21-23, 1912. Kikuyu.
„ 24. Kijabe.
„ 25-27. Mt. Suswa.
„ 28-30. Wau Escarpment.
Oct. 1-2. Southern Guaso Nyiro.
„ 3-5. Loita Plains.
„ 6-8. I.ernek Valley.
„ 9-25. Amala River.
„ 25-28. 12 miles E. of Amala River.
„ 28-29. West of Mt. Leganisho.
„ 30-31. Near Mt. Leganisho.
„ 31-Nov. 1. East of Mt. Leganisho.
Nov. 1-ti. Narossura Plateau.
„ 7-12. Lengototo.
„ 12-21. Narossura River.
„ 22-25. Southern Guaso Nyiro.
„ 26-29. Loita Plains.
„ 30-Dec. 2. Foot of Mau Escarpment
Dec. 3-6. Lake Naivasha and Naivasha.
12. Lake Naivasha.
Naivasha Diet., Bt. E. Afr.
Nyanza Dist., Bt. E. Afr.
Naivasha Dist., Bt. E. Afr.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda.
Second journey from Nakuro Station through the Rift Valley and north-west to Gondokoro on the White Nile.
|
Dec. |
21, |
1912. Nakuro. |
|
|
)} |
22-24. |
Baringo Road, 20, 40, and 50 miles north of Nakuro. |
|
|
» |
25. |
Lake Hannin^ton. |
|
|
» |
26. |
15 miles south of Baringo. |
|
|
>> |
27-28. |
Baringo Post. |
|
|
» |
29-30. |
7, 12, 16, and 30 miles N.W. of |
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5> Jan. |
31. 1, |
Baringo Post. Nginyan River. 1913. 40 miles N.W. of Baringo Post. |
Naivasha Dist., - Bt. E. Afr. |
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» |
2. |
Kito, 60 miles N.W. of Baringo Post. |
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3. 4-5. |
70 miles N.W. of Baringo Post. Kerio River. |
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>i |
5. |
10 miles N.W. of Kerio River. |
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>f |
6-9. |
Weiwei River. |
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» |
10. |
N'gabotok, Turkvpel River. |
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)) |
11-16, |
Turkwel River. "^ |
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J) |
16-21. |
Kozibiri River. |
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>j |
22. |
Kozibiri Hills. |
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|
>5 |
23. 24-30. |
Hills 10 miles N. of Maroto. Mt. Maroto. |
Eastern s- Province, Uganda. |
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» |
30-31. |
Jiwe Plains, 10 miles S.W. of Mt. Maroto. |
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|
Feb. |
1-4. |
Annamuget and Akinyo River, Bakoro Plain. |
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J) |
5-9. |
Nakwai Hills. |
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|
w |
9-14. |
Kamchnru, Lobor. -^ |
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»» |
15-17. |
River Naam, Patonga Dist. |
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)» |
17-19. |
Gubba, Pader Dist. |
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5> |
19. 20-21. |
Payera Dist. Kittigom, Chua Dist. |
Northern Province, Uganda. |
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22-24. 25. 26. |
Falabek. Assua River. 20 miles E. of Nimule. |
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March 1. |
50 miles S. of Gondokoro. |
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2. 3. 5-7. |
40 30 Gondokoro. |
10 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
Systematic List.
1. Struthio massaicus. Masailand Ostrich.
Struthio massaicus Neumann, J. f. O. 1898, p. .243 : Ukamba, B.E.A.
One egg taken at Loita, on the 5th October, probably belongs to this species.
2. Francolinus coqui hubbardi. Hubbard's Francolin. Francoimus hubburdi O.-Graut, Bull. B. O. C. iv. 1895,
p. xxvii : Nassa, shores of Speke Bay, S.E. Victoria Nyanza, G.E.A.
a. ? ad. Kijabe, 6300 ft. Sept. 24.
b, c. S ad. & juv. Mt. Suswa. Sept. 27.
d. ? ad. Amala River. Oct. 12.
e. c? ad. Lengototo, 6000 f t. Nov. 10.
All are in worn plumage ; one September and the October bird are moulting slightly.
The young male docs not differ greatly from the adult ; there are some black markings on the buff of the neck ; the barring of the chest is rather narrower ; and the spurs are mere knobs.
Total length in flesh : S 12-12^ inches ; ? ll^- 12 inches. Wing: c? 147-148 mm. ; ? 139-144 mm.
[cJ ?. Irides brown; bill black, lower basal portion yellow; legs and toes yellow or rich yellow. Very common and lies very close in busli country.]
3. Francolinus sephaena grantii. Capt. Grant^s Francolin. Francolinus grantii Hartlaub, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 665 :
Unyamuezi, G.E.A.
a, b,c. S ^ ad. S. Guaso Nyiro, 2900 ft. Nov. 22 & 23.
d. S ad. Rift Valley, 20 miles S. of Baringo, 3800 ft.
Dec. 24.
e. S ad. Mt. Maroto, Maroto Stream, 3700 ft. Jan. 26. The three November birds are in quite good plumage, and
the female is moulting slightly. Both the December and January birds are somewhat worn.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 11
Total length in flesh : c? 12-1.21 & 13 inches; ? 11^ inches. Wing: cJ 144-141 mm. ; ? 130 mm.
[Irides brown; bill black ; legs and toes red. Abundant "wherever found ; occasionally perches in trees ; very noisy.]
In naming these birds I have had to examine the series in the National Collection, and have come to the following conclusions in regard to the named races : —
Francolinus seph^na seph^na.
Perdix sephana Smith, Eep. Exp. Cent. Africa, 1836, p. 55 : Marikwa, i. e. Marico River, Transvaal.
A large race, having the chestnut spots of the lower neck extending to the chest ; no chestnut streaks on rest of underparts. Wing: ,$ 175-162; ? 159-148 mm. One male from Coguno, Imhambane, Portuguese E. Africa, has the wing only 160 mm.
Range : Bechuanaland, Lake Ngami, Transvaal, Rhodesia, and Portuguese E. Africa (Imhambane Dist.).
Francolinus seph^na grantii.
Francolinus grantii Hartl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 665, pi. 39. fig. 1 (top figure) : Unyamuezi, G. E. Africa.
Of this I consider 7^. rovwna (J) Gray (List Gall. B. M. Mar. 6, 1867, p. 52: East Africa), F. ochrogaster Hartl. (J. f. O. 1882, p. 327 : Upper Nile), wing given as 148 mm., F.g.delutescens Mearns (Misc. Coll. Smiths. Inst.Washington, ^ vol. 56, no. 20, 1911, p. 3 : base of Mt. Kenia), wing given as 146 mm. and said to be rather larger than either F. grantii or F ochrogaster, and F. s. jubaensis Zedl. (Orn. Monatsb. 1913, p. 59: Afgoi, Jubaland), wing given as 146-136 mm. in c?, and 143-132 in ? , to be synonyms.
A small race, having the chestnut spots confined to the
lower neck. Wing : G. E. Africa, ^ 146-143, ? 140-135
mm., type given as 139 mm. ; B.E. Africa, ^ 150-139,
? 143-140 mm.; Uganda, S 145-142, juv. 139-133,
? 139-133, juv. 132 mm. ; Lado, S 146, ? 135-134 mm.
Range: G. E. Africa, B.E. Africa, Uganda, and Lado ; coast specimens from Melinda and Lamu, B.E.A.
12 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
FrANCOLINUS SEPHiENA ICTEROPUS.
Franco/inus icteropus Heugl. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, vol. xix, 1856, p. 303 : Simehu, N. Abyssinia, nom. mid. ; J. f. O. 1862, p. 412, 1st descrip. : wing given as 4'9" = 125 mm.; id, Orn. N. O.-Afr. vol. iii. 1873^ p. 885: wing given as 5" 10" = 150 mm., and mentions that the original type, a female, is in Vienna ; see also Hartl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. &QQ., ])1. 39. fig. 2 (lower figure) from a drawing by Heuglin. Of this I consider F. spilogaster Salvad. (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol. vi. 1888, p. 541 : Harar, E. Abyssinia), wing given as 170 mm., and F. schoanus Heugl. (Orn. N. O.-Afr. iii. 1873, p. 891 : Shoa, C. Abyssinia) must become synonyms.
F. icteropus Heugl. has always been placed under the synonymy of F. erckeli, but a careful examination of the de- scrijttion and of the measurements given, and especially of the plate in the P. Z. S. 1865, of which Heuglin himself says : " The drawing was made from the freshly killed bird, several specimens of F. erckeli and F. gutturalis being near me at the time," convinces me that it is an excellent representa- tion of a female of the striped bellied form of the " sephcena " group of Francolins.
A rather large race, having the wing in Abyssinian speci- mens: S 154-147, ? 149-146 mm.; Somali: S 1^0- 150 mm.
Range : Abyssinia and Somaliland.
I have now only two other names to deal with : F. rovuma ( ? part) Gray (List Gall. B. j\I. 1867, published Mar. 6, p. 52 : llovuma River, P.E.A.-G.E.A. border), which pre- occupies the F. kirkii Hartl. (P. Z. S. Nov. 14, 1867, p. 827 : Zanzibar).
F. rovuma of Gray, although founded on two different birds, must go to the Rovuma River specimen by tauto- nymy, and the type, which is in the British Museum and is not sexed, is a bird with a striped belly. It is specimen " a " of Gray's List.
Hartlaub described his F. kirkii from a mutilated specimen, and gave as one character the " arrow-shaped black spots of upper tail-coverts," which points to an immature female, as does the wing-measuremcut of 5".
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 13
Herr Herman Grote, in the Orn. Monatsb. 1913, p. 73, speaking for German East Africa, says that at Miiciiidani (which is on the coast a few miles north of the Rovnma River) he has taken some fifty of these Fraucolins, and all have been the form with the striped belly.
This " striped-bellied " form appears to occur principally along or near the coast, and where it occurs it agrees in ■wing-measurements with the inland " plain-bellied " form, i. e. : Beira, ^ 153; Ruo River, Shire, S 146; Rovnma River, ? 137; Dar-es-Salaam, S 149, ? 140; Kitwi, Ukamba, ? 140; Tana River, c? 148-140, ? 141-134 mm.; all these agree with the measurements of F. s. grantii. And Somali specimens, ^ 165-155, ? 152-149 mm., agree with the measurements of the Abyssinian " plain-bellied^^ form. Thus it would appear that F. s. sephcp.na has no striped belly (coastal) form, but that both the east African and the Abyssinian forms have : the former, F. s. grantii, would have a coastal form under the name of F. s. rovuma. which occurs as far south as Beira, and the latter, which must bear the name of F. s. scfioanus, would have a coastal form under the name of F. s. icteropus.
However, many more specimens are required before any definite conclusion can be come to, and I must remark that I have not seen specimens from Zanzibar, the type locality of F. s. kirkii, which may or may not be a separable race confined to the island.
4. Francolinus uluensis. The Machakos Francolin. Francolinus uluensis O.-Grant, Ibis, 1892, p. 44 : Machakos, Ulu, B.E.A.
a. S ad. Lemek Valley, 6600 ft. Oct. 6.
b, c. S ^ ad. Lengototo, 6000 ft. Nov. 7.
All are somewhat worn and faded, and are therefore paler than some in the Museum collection.
Total length in flesh : ^J 14^ & 13| inches ; ? 13^ inches. Wing: (^ 170 & 160 mm. ; ? 161mm.
[Irides brown ; bill dark brown, basal half of lower mandible yellow ; legs and toes dirty yellow or light yellowish brown. Common on dry stony ground ; very noisy in the evenings.]
14 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
5. Francolinns kikuyuensis. The Kikiiyu Francolin.
F. kikuyuensis O.-Grant, Bull. B. 0. C. vi. 1897, p. xxiii : Kikuyu Dist., B.E.A.
a. c? juv. Mau, 9100£t. Dec. 2.
Total length in flesh : \A\ inches. Wing : 166 mm.
This is a young bird in first dress, and is just starting to assume the adult plumage. It differs from the adult in the narrower striping of the upper parts, the barring at the ends of the primaries (which are pointed as in all young birds of the partridge type), the barring of the outer tail-feathers, and the more barred appearance of the underparts. The new feathers appearing on the neck and throat partake of the dark buffiness of the adult. It differs from a young bird of F, mulemce O.-Grant (Bull. B. O. C. xiv. 1903, p. 30 : Mulema, Uganda), obtained at the type locality, in being more narrowly streaked above and more finely barred below.
In the young of F. shelleyi O.-Grant (Ibis, ]890, p. 348: Natal), to which at first this bird appears similar, the ends of the primaries are wholly ashy, as in the adult.
[Irides brown ; bill, upper mandible brownish horn, lower dirty yellow j legs and toes dirty yellow. This single young specimen was shot from a covey of five, which was put up in a patch of long grass, bordered by junipers.]
6. Francolinus clappertoni gedgei. Gedge^s Francolin. Francolinus gedgei O.-Grant, Ibis, 1891, p. 124 : Elgon
plains, B.E.A.
a. S ad. Nakwai Hills, 3500 ft. Feb. 7.
h-d. S ? ad. Kamchuru, Lobor, 3250 ft. Feb. 10-14.
These specimens agree perfectly with the type. One or two are showing signs of wear and all are moulting slightly.
Total length in flesh : ^ 15^-16^ inches ; ? 14| inches.
Wing: S 195-196 mm.; ? 180-181 mm.
The range of this subspecies seems to be from Lake Victoria to about the border of Uganda and the Sudan, where it is replaced by F. c. heuglini Neum. (Orn. Monatsb. 1907, p. 199 : Meschr el Rek, Bahr el Ghazal), which is
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 15
quite a good subspecies and extends northwards to at least Fashoda on the Nile.
From Kordofan westwards to Lake Chad, the true F. c. clappertoni Childr. (in Denh. & Clapp. Trav. App. 1826, p. 198 : Bornu, near Lake Chad), takes its place.
As might be supposed, where these subspecies overlap specimens bear the characters of both, and this is well exemplified in a bird from Goz-abu-Gumar, on the White Nile, about a third of the way between Kaka and Khartoum, which has the back of F. c. clappertoni and the underparts of F. c. henglini.
In the Misc. Coll. Smiths. Inst. Washington, vol. 56. no. 20, 1911, p. 3, Mearns has described a new Francolin under the name Francolinus grisescens, and gives the type locality as Lokko Zegga, Uganda, It is allied to F. clapper- toni, but I am quite unable to place it from the description, and should not be surprised to learn that it is similar to F. c. gedgei.
[ cJ ? . Irides brown, bare skin red ; bill black, reddish at base (one male is also very red on the nostrils) ; legs and toes red, darker in front. Not abundant, only small coveys seen in millet fields.]
7. Francolinus icterorhynchus emini. Emin's Francolin.
Francolinus icterorhynchus enmii Neumann, Orn. Monatsb. 1907, p. 198 : West of Albert Nyanza.
a. S ad. Falabek, 2800 ft. Feb. 23.
In slight moult.
Total length in flesh : 15^ inches. Wing : 178 ram.
Males in the Museum collection from Tingasi, near the Welle River, measure 174 and 176 mm. in the wing, others from LTganda have the wing 175-187 mm., and one from Ruwenzori is 180 mm. Two females from Uganda have the wing 180 and 183 mm.
Four specimens of the true F. i. icterorhynchus Heugl. (J. f.O. 1863, p. 275 : Bongo, Bahr el Ghazal), in the Boyd Alexander collection, have the wing in two males 162 and 166, and in two females 159 and 167 mm.
16 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collect ion of
The birds from Uganda are rather longer in tlie wing than those from the type-locality, but as some intergrade "with the western birds, it simply shows that F. i. emini is quite a good subspecies, and that the range of wing- measurements is from 174—187 mm., as against 162-167 mm. in F. i. icterorhynchus.
[Irides brown, eyelids yellowy bare skin behind eye yellow ; bill black, yellow at base ; legs and toes dusky orange. Found in long grass in well wooded country.]
8. Francolinns hildehrandti altuiui. Altum's Francolin. (Plate II.)
Francolinns altumi Fisch, & Rchw. J. f. O. 1884^ p. 179, pi. ii. : Lake Naiwasha, B.E.A.
a. S ad. Mt. Suswa. Sept. 26.
b. S j"v. Lemek Valley, 6500 ft. Oct. 7.
c. S ad. E. of Mt. Leganisho, 6600 ft. Oct. 31.
The October adult is rather paler above (owing to fading) and more worn than the September one.
[Aduli : Irides brown ; bill black, lower and base of upper mandible orange ; legs and toes reel, claws horn.
Juv. : Irides brown ; bill horn, base of lower mandible light horn ; legs and toes red.]
Total length in flesh : Ad. 15 inches. Weight 1 lb. Wing : 189 and 198 mm. Total length in flesh : Juv. 13f inches. Wing: 163 mm.
The young bird is apparently in first dress, and below is more the colour of the female, with the spotted appearance of the adult carried throughout, but mostly of a more brownish black, less apparent on the breast and abdomen. Above it is rather paler than the adult, is mottled with black, and has no spurs. It is generally much darker than a young male from Nyasaland.
There are in the Museum collection two adult males and three adult females, taken in British East Africa at Gilgil River, Morendat River, and Lake Elmenteita, and in the Jackson collection two adult males from Elmenteita and
Ibis. 1915. PI. II.
FRANCOLINUS HILDEBRANDTI ALTUMI. ?
MENPES PRESS, WATFORD.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 17
Naivaslia, and one young female from soutlieru Sotik, all yf which fall into this subspecies.
Fischer & Reichenow's plate of the male^ if carefully compared with birds from British East Africa and German East Africa, is found to agree more with the birds from the former country and might have been taken from the specimen collected by Lord Delamere at the Morendat Uiver, Naivasha Dist., on December 27, 1899.
The female now figured (Plate II.) is a specimen in the British Museum collected by Lord Delamere^ at the same place and on the same date.
On the average, the male is rather darker above (less rufous), and more white (less buff) than males of either F. h. hildebrandti or F. h. johnstoni ; also there is some difference in the spotting and streaking of the under parts, especially of the flank feathers.
It is, however, with the female that the most striking differences occur, and as I cannot find any description of it, I give the following : —
Adult female of i^. h.aliumi. Above similar to adult male ; considerably greyer on the top of the head and nape than the females of F. h. hildebrandti or F. h. johnstoni. Sides of the head and throat whiter and greyer (much less huffy), and the former more distinctly streaked than females of the other two races. Below much paler, witli the neck, chest and flanks very distinctly spotted and mottled with blackish, in contradistinction to the uniform cinnamon-brown of the females of the other two races.
There are, therefore, three distinct and well marked races of this Francolin as follows : —
F. II. HILDEBRANDTI Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 206, pi. iv. (of an adult female showing the clear neck and chest and light cheeks) : Zanzibar, Mombasa and further inland. Zanzibar apparently an incorrect locality.
Range. German East Africa. Specimens in the Museum collection from Kilimanjaro and Usari River.
SER. X. VOL. III. c
18 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
. F. H. ALTUMi Fisch. & Rchw. Range. British East Africa.
F. H. jOHNSTONi Shelley, Ibis, 1894, p. 24 : Milanji Hills. Range. Nyasaland. Specimens in the British Museum collection from Nyasaland.
9. Francolinus schuetti schuetti. Schuett's Francolin.
Francolinus schuetti Cabanis, J. f. O. 1881, p. 351: Lunda, borders of Angola, and the Belgian Congo.
a. S ad. Amala River, 5300 ft. Oct. 24.
Slightly worn and moulting.
Total length in flesh : 141 j inches. Wing : 176 ram.
[Bill red; legs and toes red. Shot in dense bush near water.]
In naming this bird I have found it necessa,ry to examine the whole of the specimens in the National Collection, and I cannot see more than two races of this Francolin, and therefore do not agree with Mearns (Misc. Coll. Smiths. Inst. Washington, vol, 56, uos. 14 & 20, 1911) that there are five races.
Besides the specimen above enumerated, there are in the Museum collection two birds from Chaya, Belgian Congo, four from Ruwenzori, and nine from Uganda ; all of which fall in together and are indistinguishable both in size and colour.
Wing in S 181-168mm. ; ? 163-156mm.
Unfortunately I have not been able to examine birds actually from Lunda, but taking the two specimens from Belgian Congo as typical (and they agree well with the coloured plate, J. f. O. 1881, pi, ii.), there should be one race (F. s. schuetti) from the Congo basin across Uganda to the loest of the Rift Valley and down the east side of Lake Victoria.
If, however, Lunda specimens should prove to be different, which I doubt, then F. s. zappeyi Mearns would range from the Congo divide to the Rift Valley.
Of the other race, the Museum possesses two from Mt. Kenia, two from Kikuju, one from Nairobi, two from B. E, A. probably the Athi River (Drakc-Biockman), and seven from
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 19
Kilimanjaro; all these are so close to each otlicr, that 1 fail to see any distinguishing chaiacters.
There appears, therefore, to be one race from Mt. Kenia southward along the east side o£ the Rift Valley to Kili- manjaro, whicli will bear the name of i'^ s. maranensis iMcarns,
Wing: c? 186-160 mm. ; ? 175-166 mm.
One of the two Drake-Brockman males measures 191 mm, in the wing, but this appears lo be an exceptional bird.
With this race the males are on the average darker below than the females; but with the other race (F. s. schuetti) no difference is apparent in colour between the sexes.
The races and synonymy I admit at the present time are : —
Francolinus schuetti schuetti Cab.
Franc.oUnus schuetti zappeyi Mearns (Misc. Coil. Smiths. Inst. Washington, vol. 56, no. 20, 1911 : East shore of Lake "Victoria) is a synonym.
Francolinus schuetti maranensis Mearns : Maranu, Mt. Kilimanjaro. Of this form I consider F. s. Icapitensis : Athi River, T3. E. A., and F. s. keniensis : Mt. Kenia, B. E. A., of Mearns (op. cit. no. 14, p. 2), as synonyms.
Francolinus schuetti tetraoninus Blund. & Lovat, Bull. B. O. C. vol. X. 1899, p. 22 : Mendi, Abyssinia.
This race, judging by the specimens before me, appears to be a good one, though a much larger series is required to make sure.
10. Francolinus jacksoni. Jackson's Francolin.
Francolinus jacksoni O.-Grant, Ibis, 1891, p. 123 : Kikuyn, B.E.A.
a. S ad. Mau, 9100 ft. Dec. 2.
In rather worn plumage.
Total length in flesh : 20^ inches. Weight : 2^ lbs. W^ing : 245 mm.
[Irides brown, eyelid red, bare skiu behind eye yellow ; bill red ; legs and toes red, sides of tarsi blackish, spurs black. This species was only met with late in the evening, after crossing the Mau Escarpment. It appeared to ba common on steep grassy slopes devoid of bush.]
c3
20 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
11. Pternistes leucoscepus infuscatus, Cabanis' Bare- throated Francolin.
Pternistes infuscatus Cab. J. f . O. 1868, p. 413 : Lake Jipe, British-German Border, S. of Kilimanjaro.
a. S juv. Narossura, 6400 ft. Nov. 2.
b, c. S ? ad. 12 miles N.W. of Baringo, 3000 ft. Dec. 29.
d, ? ad. Mt. Maroto, 3700 ft. Jan. 26.
All are in good plumage, and both the females are rather darker above than the adult male.
The young is apparently in first plumage, having the tail distinctly barred and dark mottlings on the inner secondaries and coverts (these parts being finely speckled in the adult); below, the markings are narrower, giving the young a much darker appearance than tiie adult. It has no spurs.
Total length in flesh : ^ 19 inches ; $ 15| inches. Wing: c? 212 mm. ; $ 197 & 193 mm. Jiw. Total length in flesh : 16 inches. Wing: 201 mm.
\^Ad. Irides brown ; bill black, lower basal half orange ; bare skin round eye and upper throat red, lower throat yellow.
Juv. Irides brown ; bill black ; bare skin round eye and throat red, lower neck yellow ; legs and toes black.
Several coveys of about fifteen birds eacli were seen along the rivers ; they were very shy and escaped by running.]
In naming these birds I have found it necessary to examine the whole group, and have come to the following conclusions : —
Pternistes leucoscepus leucoscepus (Gray, List Gallmse Brit. Mus. 1867, p. 48, descr. nulla) ; Heuglin, Orn. N.O.- Africa, vol. iii. 1873, p. 899.
It appears that Heuglin's is the first description of this race, so that his name should stand as the author.
Gray, however, gives the locality as Abyssinia, and as Heuglin^s description is based on Gray's name this locality can stand.
There are specimens in the British Museum from theLebka Valley, Koomayli, Rairo, Sahati and Zoulla ; all in Eritrea.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 21
P. L. INFUSCATUS Cab. J. f. O. 1868, p. 413 (Reise Ost- Afrika, v. d. Decken, vol. iii. 1869, pi. xiv. p. 44) : Lake Jipe, Anglo-German border, S. of Kilimanjaro.
P. I. kilimensis Mearns (Misc. Coll. Smiths. Inst. Wash, vol. 56, no, 20, 1911, p. 2: Kilimanjaro Region) is a synonym, inasmuch as the type locality of P. I. infuscatus is within the Kilimanjaro region ; I can see no difference between birds from there and from through Brit. East Africa and Uganda to Mt. Maroto.
Range. From Mamboio north to Mt. Maroto, and near to Mt. Kenia.
P. L. MUHAMED-BEN-ABDULLAH Erl. Oi*n. Monatsb. vol. xii. 1904, p. 97 : S. Somaliland (Lorian flats).
This is quite a good snbspecies, having the underparts of P. I. leucoscepus and the upper parts of P. I. infuscatus.
Range. Somaliland.
P. L. HOLTEMULLERi Erl. op. cit. p. 98: S. Shoa. No specimens examined.
P. L. KENiENSis Mcarns, op, cit. p. 1 : west slope of Mt. Kenia.
In his description Mearns gives as diagnostic features : " in the absence of transverse bars on the wings and tail, which, instead of being barred, are minutely speckled and vermiculaied." The italics are mine.
The barring of the wings and tail is a character of immaturity, while the speckling and vermiculations are features of the adult bird in every race. Consequently I see no valid reason on Mearns's data for separating this race, that worker having obviously confounded the young and the old birds.
Nevertheless the one specimen from the type-locality before me is certainly much more ochreous than any speci- mens of the other races^ and therefore I have maintained the subspecies for the present.
One specimen of P. I. infuscatus from Kitwi, B.E.A., shot on Oct. 13;, 1898, is very broadly marked, especially on the back, and approaches the true P. I. leucoscepus in this respect.
22 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
] 2. Coturnix coturnix africana. The Afiican Quail.
Coturnix vulgaris africana Temm. & Sclil. F. Jap. 1850, p. 103 : " La pointe australe d'Afrique.^^
a. ? ad. Kikuyu. Scot. 22.
In clean dress and very little worn.
Total length in flesh : 8 inches. Wing : 109 mm.
[Irides light brown; bill brownish fawn; legs and toes flesh-colour. Very common.]
13. Coturnix delegorguei. Delegorgue's Quail. Coturnix delegorguei Deleg. Vog. Afr. Austr. ii. 1847j
p. 615 : Oury River, i. e. Upper Limpopo, Transvaal.
a, h. S ? f'fl- Amala River, 5500 ft. Oct. 11.
Both are rather worn and faded.
Total length in flesh : J & V 7 inches. Wing : J 93 ram.; ? 98 mm.
[Irides brown ; bill bluish horn, lighter in female ; legs and toes flesh-colour. Probably more plentiful than it appears to be.]
14. Ptilopachus fuscus florentiae. East African Grey Francolin.
Ptilopachgs florentia O.-Grant, Bull. B. O. C. vol. x. 1900, p. cvii : Gessema Laikipia, B.E.A.
a. S ad. Mt. Maroto, 6000 ft. Jan. 27.
b^cL S ? ad. Nakwai Hills, 3800 ft. Feb. 6.
All are in good plumage and agree perfectly with the type.
The three males have the breast-patch distinctly more buffy (richer) than in the female, in which it is more stone-colour.
Total length in flesh: <^ 11|— 11 inches ; ? 11 3 inches. Wing: <S 122-129 mm. ; ? 127 ram.
I do not 'think that P. f. keniensis Alearus (Misc. Coll. Smiths. Inst. Washington, vol. 56, no. 20, 1911 : Mt. Kenia) can stand as a subspecies, as the dift'erences given by Mearns between this race and P. f. florentia are the characters of the latter, especially the ''nape and mantle
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 23
witliout any chestnut whatever/* which agrees perfectly W'ith tlie type specimen of F.f.jlorentlai, now before me.
[Irides brown; bill yellowish horn, base and nostrils red, black or brown stripe between nostrils ; eyelids and bare skin red ; legs and toes red.
A small covey of this Fraucolin was found in a dense thicket on a stony hillside on Mt. Maroto ; they were shy and difficult to procure. In the Nakwai Hills they were more plentiful. They scale the steepest rocks with ease, and only take flight when forced.]
15. Numida reicheuowi. Reichenow's Guinea-Fowl.
Numida reichenowi O. -Grant, Ibis, 1894, p. 535 : Maka- rungu, Ukambani Dist., B.E.A.
a-d. S ? ad. &juv. Loita, 6300 ft. Oct. 5.
e-g. S jiiv. Amala River, 5500 ft. Oct. 10-11.
h-j. \S ? ad. & juv. Lengototo, 6000 ft. Nov. 8.
In the adults there are two males and two females, the former having distinctly longer helmets than the latter.
They are in quite good clean dress and only one, a November bird, is showing any signs of moult.
All the young are fully grown, and except for showing a somewhat browner tinge on the mantle and being on the average smaller spotted below, do not diflfer in plumage greatly from the adults, except that in all the helmet is small.
Three of the six are in moult, and appear to be assuming the clearer plumage of the adult.
Total length in flesh of adults : ^ 24-24^ inches ; ? 22 1- 23^ ; the weight varies between 3 and 3| lbs. ; some young only weigh 2^ lbs. Wing in adults : cT 298-299 mm. ; ? 284-293 mm.
[Adult. S ? • Irides brown ; bill greenish or reddish horn, lighter at tip ; neck black, sides, around eyes, and upper throat bright blue, above eyes black ; wattles and around nostrils red ; top of head and helmet reddish horn, lighter at tip ; feet black.
24 Mr. C, H. B. Grant on a Collection of
Young. Irides brown, bill black, tip ligbt horn ; wattles, top of bead, and helmet black : neck bluish black ; feet black ; in rather older birds_, the wattles and nostrils are red and the helmet blackish brown.
Common, and found in flocks of fifty or more. When disturbed they take to high trees, where they are easily shot.]
16. Numida ptilorhyncha major. Hartlaub's Tufted Guinea- Fowl.
Numida major Hartl. Abh. Bremen, vol. viii. 1883, p. 217 : Wakkala, Uganda,
a-f. S ? ad. Kozibiri River, 2400 ft. Jan. 21.
g. S ii"m. Mt. Maroto, 3700 ft. Jan. 24.
h. S ad. „ „ „ 30. [Head only.]
i. J ad. Bakoro, 25 miles E. of Lobor JNlts. Feb. 3. [Head only.]
j. ? ad. Kittigom, Chua. Feb. 20. [Head only.]
k. S ad. 40 miles S. of Gondokoro, 2000 ft, March 2.
Total length in flesh: S 23-23i inches; ? 211-22| inches. Wing : S 282-262 mm. ; ? 270-267 mm. Weight: S 3 lbs.; ? 2^ lbs. Immature. Total length in flesh : 22 inches. Wing 259 ram.
All are in good plumage, and one or two are moulting.
The immature bird is not in first dress, and, except for the immature appearance of the head, might be an adult.
Some of the nasal tufts are quite equal in size to those of N. ji. ptilorhyncha and N. p. somaliensis.
[Adult. Irides brown ; bill, upper mandible red, tip and lower mandible light or yellowish horn; neck black or bluish black; wattles and stripe on neck blue; legs and toes dark brown.
Imm. Irides brown ; bill dark brown, tip light horn ; wattles and bare skin bluish flesh; helmet brown; legs and toes brown.
Found in flocks of twenty or thirty in dry bush country.]
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 25
17. Numida ptilorhyncha rendilis. Baringo Tufted Guinea-Fowl. (Text-ii-ure J , p. 28.)
Numida ptilorhyncha rendilis Louiib. K. Sven. Yct.-Ak. Handl. 1911, p. 47 : between the Meru and the Reudiles, B.E.A.
Numida ptilorhyncha baringoensis Claude Grant, Bull. B. O. C. vol. xxxiii. 1914, p. 141 : 20 miles S. of Lake Baringo, Hi ft Valley.
a. ? juv. Baringo lload, 30 miles from Nakuro, 5200 ft. Dec. 22.
b, c. S ad. 20 miles south of Baringo, 3800 ft. Dec. 24. d, e. (^ ad, 12 miles N.W. of ,, „ „ 29.
[Heads only.]
/. cJ ad. Turkwel River. Jan. ? [Head only.],
All are in quite good plumage, the young bird differing from the adults in being rather smaller spotted and having a distinct rusty wash throughout.
Total length in flesh: ad. 22f & 21 inches; juv. 21 inches. Wing : ad. 277 & 267 mm. ; juv. 262 mm.
\_Ad. Irides brown; bill reddish brown, lower mandible and tip of upper greenish horn ; neck black, below eye and wattles blue ; legs and toes black,
Juv. Irides brown ; bill bluish horn, red at base ; legs and toes blackish brown ; neck blackish flesh, side-wattles and round eye blue, horn dirty reddish ; nasal wattles reddish yellow.
Very abundant. Large flocks found in the evening scratching on the open plains and raising a cloud of dust.]
In working out these birds I came to the same conclusion about the Baringo Guiuea-Fowl as has Lonnbei'g in his excellent resume of the named races, but having unfortunately overlooked his description I redescribed his new race, and therefore my N. p. baringoensis becomes a synonym of his N. p. rendilis.
In this collection there are six specimens, in the Museum collection one, and in the Jackson collection two heads (from Kamassia) , all from the Rift Valley, and all except the young bird have well-developed helmets approaching closely those of the N. corunatu group.
26 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
The one adult female I have examined, a head from Kaniassia, shows that the helmet is smaller than in the males, but is strongly and well formed, as opposed to the weakly formed helmet of its allies.
Even the young bird has the helmet far more developed than in young birds of its allies, in fact tlie helmet is equal in size to that of many adults of the other races.
The head from the Turkwel River undoubtedly belongs to this race, so that it is probable that it ranges somewhat into the country of N. p. major.
In naming this race I have had occasion to examine the whole of this group of Guinea-Fowls, and I have to thank Mr. llothschild and Dr. Ilartert for the loan of thirty specimens from Tring, which, combincil with material in the National Museum, have given me a hundred specimens of this group for examination, and these from localities which cover the whole of its known range.
The races I am able to recognise are as follows : —
N. p. PTiLORHYNCHA Less. Traite d^Orn. 1831, p. 498 : founded on the specimen enumerated by Licht. Nom. A v. Mus. Zool. Berol. 1854, p. 80: Abyssinia, I designate Mareb lliver, N. Abyssinia.
This race is well-feathered up the back of the neck.
Wing : S 272-250 mm. ; ? 270-245 mm.
Range. Suakim south to N. Abyssinia.
Specimens examined from Sanafe ; Arafle ; Abu Amba ; Koomayli; llorat ; Eritrea; Anseba Valley; Adarte, Mareb River, and Ghadi Saate in Habesch. 14 in all referable to this race.
NuMiDA PTILORHYNCHA MAJOR Hartl. Abli. Bremen, vol. viii. 1883, p. 217 : Wakkala, Uganda.
A^. p. macroceras Erl. Oru. Monatsb, 1904, p. 97 : Lake Rudolf.
N. p. neumanni Erl. Orn. Monatsb. 1904, p. 97 : Kwa Mlamba, Usogo, Uganda.
N.p. omoensis Neum. J. f. O. 1904, p. 407 : Koscha, the vallev of the Omo River and its tributaries.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 27
iV. /). toruensis Neum. J. f. 0. 1901, p. 410 : Mokia M'wcv, Torn.
All these appear to be synonyms. I have examined sixty- five specimens referable to N. p. major, including the types of N. p. omoensis and N. p. toruensis, and cannot find any characters that will distinguish these five races; so I have been compelled to place them all under iV. p. major.
This race is similar in size and colour to N. p.ptj/lorhyncka, but is less feathered on tlie neck, and on the average has smaller face-wattles.
Wing: S 285-255 mm.; ? 273-244 mm.
Range. West of Rift Valley to the Lakes and Ruwenzori ; south to the German border, north to Kaka, White Nile, Ibago, Baro River, and Lake Suai.
Specimens examined from : — Kaka, White Nile; Gondo- koro; Lake Suai, Lake Stephanie; Ibago, Baro River; Uma River E. of Lake Tata; Konso, nr. Lake Abaya ; Koscha, nr. Omo River; Gelo, Lake Tata; Gofa, nr. Koscha; Abaya Lake; Male ; Turkwel River; Kozibiri River ; Mt. Maroto N. Lobor; Mubinde, Unyoro; Butiaba, Unyoro; Torn; Chua Semliki River; Usoga ; Entebbe; Ruwenzori; Ankole Buddu ; Victoria Nile ; Mabira Forest; Busoga ; King's Lake, Kampala; Mt, Elgon ; Kavirondo; Wero Tero.
NUMIDA PTYLORHYNCHA SOMALIENSIS Ncum. Om.
Monatsb. 1899, p. 25 : Sonialiland (Hawker); cf. Ibis, 1899, p. 52, Hawker's trip to N.W. British Somaiiland.
This race is quite distinct, having a red tip on the face- wattles, and is about equal in size and colour to the other races.
Wing : S 286-274 mm. ; ? 275-263 mm.
Range. Somaiiland, Gallaland, and part of Jubaland to the Lorian Swamp. I have recently examined a specimen of this race in the collection of Col. Clarke shot at Loiola, north Kenia district, which agrees perfectly with true JS^.p. soma- liensis and brings the range much further M^est.
Nine specimens examined from Waghar and Ogo, Somaiiland ; Kafra, Gallaland ; and Wajheir, Jubaland.
28
Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
Text-fis. 1.
c miyim
Heads of Bariugo Tufted Guinea-Fowl [Numida 2)tilorhyncha rendilis Lonuberg).
A. Largest specimen iu the 3Iuseiim collection.
B. Adult female from Karaassia, Rift Valley (Jackson collection).
C. Adult male from Rift Valley, type of N. p. haringoensis
C. Grant.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda, 29
NUMIDA PTILOUHYXCHA RENDILIS LoiHlberg. (Text-
figure 1.)
Equal in size and colour to the other races, but having a distinctly larger helmet.
Wing : (J 207-265 mm. ; ? juv. 262 mm.
Banrje. Tliroughout the Rift Valley^ to the loucr Turkwel River, and eastwards to the Meru district.
Nine specimens examined.
This large series of the Tufted Guinea- Fowls show that no great reliance can be placed either on, the nasal tuft^ the size of the bird, or the colour of the plumage.
With the nasal tufts great variation occurs^ and birds from Uganda have them quite as well develo])ed as birds from north Abyssinia and vice versa, i. e. birds from north Abyssinia have quite as small ones as birds from the farthest south.
I at first thought that some stress could be laid on the colour of the tufts, but on receiving the series from Tring I found that birds from the same locality have both white and red tufts.
It is, however, worthy of notice that all the specimens so far seen of X. j)- somaliensis have white and well developed tuits.
Why the nasal tufts are white in some specimens and red in others still needs explanation ; it may be due to age, but does not appear to be due to season, as specimens killed in the same month and in the same district, have both white and red tufts.
For instance, one from Gofa has a reddish tuft, and one from Konso has a white tuft ; both were taken in August, and instances again occur in February and May.
The supposed distinguishing character of N. p. neumanni is said to be a red tip to the face- wattles, but in all the specimens examined from the typical locality — ? . Mlamba (Usoga), wattles blue; ?. Mtauda (Usoga), "wattles blue Avith a few brown specks along lower edge " — the wattles are invariably entirely blue, as in birds from the type locality of JV. p. major.
30 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
In the Museum collection there are three specimens of this group from the Congo Valley, two from Tingasi and one from Poko, which, though in all respects similar to iV^. j). major, appear to have the face-wattles smaller and narrower, and less projected beyond the posterior attachment.
Four (two males and two females) in the Boyd Alexander collection, from the Lake Chad district, are similar to N. p. major, and do not bear out so well this character of the wattles.
Until, however, further material comes to hand to show whether or not this character is constant, I provisionally l)lace them under .V. p. major ; though, should the Congo bird prove to be a distinct race, it would bear the name of N. p. incrmis Dubois (Ann. Mus. Congo, i. 1905, p. 19 : Upper Congo).
In the Orn. Monatsb. 1911, p. 82, Reichenow described a Guinea-Fowl of this group under the name of Numicla strasseni, and gives the type-locality as " Duma am unteren Ubangi.'^ It seems to me this will prove to be a synonym of iV. p. inermis.
The male from Lake Stephanie has a distinctly longer helmet than other s[)ecimens of ]S\ p. major, but is quite differently shaped to that o^ N. p. rendilis.
There is also one specimen of JY. p. somalitnsis from Wajiieir that has the helmet exceptionally long, Avhich is in shape like the bird from Lake Stephanie.
One s[)ecimen oi N. p. somaliensis from Kafra shows little indication of the red tip of the wattles.
18, Turnix lepurana. Smith's Button-Quail.
Ortyijis lepurana A. Smith, Rep. Exp. App. 183G, p. 55 : "country north of Kurrichane," W. Transvaal.
a. $ ad. Mt. Suswa. Sept. 27.
In good dress and not worn.
Total length in flesh : 5| inches. Wing: 77 mm.
[Irides yellow ; bill blue ; culmen brown ; legs and toes flesh-colour. Several seen.]
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 31
19. Pteroclurus exustus ellioti. Elliot's Sand-Grouse.
Pterochs elliuti Bogd. Bull. Ac. Sci. Pctcrsb. xxvii. no. 2, 1881, p. 167 : Abyssinia.
a. $ ad. Rift Valley, 30 miles N.W. of Baringo, 2800 ft. Dec. 29.
In good plumage and not Avorn. A rather pale specimen, very close to some Indian bii'ds, but having richer coloured wing-coverts.
Total length in flesh : 12^ inches. Wing : 171 mm.
[Irides brown; bill bluish white ; toes dirty grey. Several large flocks seen.]
In naming this bird I have had occasion to examine the whole series of the exustus group, Avhicli appear to comprise the following races : —
Pteroclurus exustus exustus Temm. PI. Col, v. 1825, pis. 354, 360 : west coast of Africa, Senegal.
Egyptian specimens may be taken as typical, and these are large and dark in colour. jSIales dark above and white wing-spot distinct ; females dark and well marked.
Wing : c? (4 measured) 195-184 mm. ; V (5 measured ) 187-170 mm.
Range. Senegal to Egypt.
Pteroclurus exustus elltoti Bogd. op. cit.
P. e. somalicus Hartert (Nov. Zool. 1900, p. 28 : Milmil, Somaliland) is a synonym.
Small, richer in coloration, especially on the greater wing-coverts. More white on the average on the tips of the 6th-10th primaries.
Wing : (J (12 measured) 181-171 mm. ; ? (10 measured) 175-165 mm.
Range. Abyssinia, Somaliland, B.E.A., west to Lake Chad.
Two males and three females from Kilimanjaro are much darker than normal specimens of P. e. ellioti, especially the females, but without further material I refrain from doing anything with them, especially as some males from
33 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
Somaliland are almost exactly similar to these Kilimanjaro males, and in between there are specimens from Brit. East Africa, that are much lighter in colour. They agree well ■with the description of P. e. olivascens Hartert (Orn. Monatsb. 1909, p. 183 : Campi-ya-Simba, Masailand).
Ptekoclurus exustus oRiENTALis Hart. Nov, Zool. 1900, p. 28 : India (no exact locality given).
Of the same size as P. e. ellioti. On the average less rich in colour, especially on the greater wing-coverts. Less white on the average on the tips of the 6th-10th primaries.
AVing : ^ (33 measured) 187-167 mm. j ? (37 measured) 179-161 mm.
Range. India generally.
A pair of birds from Arabia in the Museum collection appear to belong to this race, but these, if distinct, should be referred to P. e. erlangeri Neum. (Oru. Monatsb. 1909, p. 154 : El Hota, Lahadj, S. Arabia).
20. Pterocles decoratus decoratus. Decorated Sand-Grouse. Pterocles decoratus Cab. J. f, O. 1868, p. 413 : Lake Jipe,
Anglo-German boundary, cf. von der Decken Reise Orn- Afrika, iii. 1869, p. 43, pi. xiii. >
a. S J^d. Southern Guaso Nyiro, 3100 ft. Nov. 23.
Showing signs of wear.
Total length in flesh : 10| inches. AVing : 166 mm.
[Irides yellow ; bill yellow ; feet yellow\ Stomach con- tained seeds of a leguminous plant. A few of these birds were seen coming to drink at about 10 a.m. Mo others were observed.]
21. Pterocles lichtensteinii sukensis. Neumann^s Sand- Grouse.
Pterocles lichtensteinii sukensis Neum. Orn. Monatsb. 1909, p. 153: Turquel, Suk Country, B.E.A.
a,b.S^ ad. & juv. Turkwel River, 1900 ft. Jan. 14.
c. c? ad. Kozibiri River, 2400 ft. Jan. 20.
All are in good plumage. The young female still re- tains the mottled sandy tips to the flight-feathers ; though
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda, 33
in general colour it aj^rees perfectly with two adults m. the Jacksou collection from Lake Hanningtou.
The male from the Turkwcl lliver is much richer iu colour than the male from the Kozibiri River.
Total length in flesh : c^ 11^ & llf inches ; ? 11 inches.
Wing : cJ 189 & 172 mm. ; ? 182 mm.
The Kozibiri male is smaller in the wing tlian the other and is moulting, so that the paler colour is probably some- Avhat due to fading.
[<^. Irides brown, bare skin below eyes yellow, above eyes green; bill yellowish brown (Kozibiri), reddish green (Turkwel) ; feet yellow or dull yellow (Kozibiri).
$, . Irides brown ; bare skin pale yeliow ; bill black ; feet yellow.
When the natives had finished watering their live-stock, enormous flocks of this Sand-Grouse came to drink after dark in the wells iu the river-bed. It was most interesting to watcii this steady stream of birds entering and leaving these deep holes, and that there were no collisions was marvellous.]
In naming these birds I have had to examine all the available specimens of P. lichtensteinii, and have come to the following conclusions regarding the distribution and races : —
PtEROCLES LICHTEXSTEINII LICHTKNSTEINII Temn). PI. Col,
T. 1825, pis. 355, 3C)1 : Nubia.
P. /. hijperythrus Erl. (J. f. 0. 1905, p. 94-, pi. iv. : Dana. Eiver, S. Somaliland) is a synonym.
Range. Coast of lied Sea, Eritrea, Abyssinia, Somaliland.
Females rather richer sandy.
Wing : cJ (9 measured) 175-186 mm. ; ? (6 measured), 169-186 mm.
Pterocles lichtensteinii arabicus Neum Orn.^lonatsb^. 1909, p. 152 : Lahadj, South Arabia.
Both sexes considerably paler (more stone-colour and markings above somewhat less broad) than in true P. I. lichtensteinii.
Range. Arabia, ]Muscat. and India uesL of the Indus-.
SER. X. — AOL. III. . 1)
34 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
Wing: Arabia, ^ (7 measured) 174-189 mm.; ? (2 measured) 170-186 mm. Muscat, J (1 measured) 170 mm. India, S (2 measured) 171-176 mm. ; ? (2 measured) 167-172 mm.
Pterocles lichtensteinii sukensis Neum. op. cit.
Males rather darker above than in P. I. lichtensteinii ; females considerably darker above and below, dark markings very broad^ light markings much deeper in tone.
Range. Uganda and B.E.A.
Wing : (J (4 measured) 180-197 mm. ; ? (2 measured) 177 mm.
Since writing the above I have been able to examine five males and four females of this race collected by A. Blayney Percival in British East Africa, which agree perfectly with tlie other specimens of this race, and which further show that the cross-barriug on the belly of the males is much more defined and clear than in males of either P. /. lichtensteinii or P. /. arabicus.
The wings of these nine specimens measure : males 175— 187 mm. ; females 171-185 mm.
22. Pterocles quadricinctns lowei. Lowers Four-banded Sand-Grouse.
Pterocles quadricinctus lowei Claude Grant, Bull. B. 0. C. vol. XXXV. 1914, p. 19 : llenk, White Nile.
a. S juv. N.E. slope, Nakwai Hills, 3600 ft. Feb. 8.
h. ? ad. Kittigom, Chua, 2850 ft. Feb. 21.
Total .length in flesh : ? 11^ inches. Wing : J 186 mm.; $179 mm.
[ ? . Irides brown ; bare skin yellow ; bill black, base yellowish ; feet yellow. ^ . Feet yellow.
This Sand-Grouse was common.]
This subspecies differs from the true P. q. quadricincius in its larger size, darker and broader markings of the upper surface, and generally richer tone throughout. On the crown the streaks are more clearly defined and broader, and the white markings on the forehead are perhaps slightly broader.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 35
On comparing two young males, one from Senegal and the other from Uganda, the same differences are apparent ; the eastern l>ird being considerably darker and broader in the markings of the upper surface and having more black on the l)elly ; this latter may, however, be only individual.
Wing: S (() ad. measured j 183-201 mm.; ? (4 ad. mea- sured) 177-187 mm.
Type, c? ad. Reuk, AYhite Nile. 12. v. 1901. R. ]\r. Hawker Coli. in British Museum. Wing : 201 mm.
This is the east African fonn^ and ranges down the Nile Valley to Uganda and B.E.A.
Named in honour of Mr. Willoughby P. Lowe.
There are therefore two races of this Sand-Gi*ouse as follows : —
Pterocles quadricinctus quadricinctus Temm. Pig. et Gall. iii. 1815, pp. 252, 71^: coast of Coromandel, error &=■ Senegal, W. Africa.
As there can be little doubt that this Sand-Grouse does not range across into India, the locality of Coromandel is incorrect. In the Pig. et Gall., p. 254, it will be found that Temminck based the locality of Coromandel on the authority of Sonnerat. Later, in the PI. Col. v., under P. liclitensteinii he remarks : — " La preuve certaine que le Ganga quadrubande a ete trouve non seulement sur la cote de Coromandel, mais encore sur une grande etendue de cotes d'Afrique ; j'en ai reeu plusieurs individus du Senegal."
So that, as Temminck himself has given a locality in Africa for this species, the type locality in future should be designated as " Senegal, West Africa.^'
Paler, less broadly marked, mere " bloom ^' above.
Wing : $ (5 measured) 173-185 mm. ; ? (2 measured) 177-180 mm.
A young male from Seuegal measures 179 mm. This is the only specimen available from the type locality.
Two adult females from Bahr-el-Ergig River, south of Ft. Lamy, Lake Chad district, appear to belong to the
u2
36 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
western race, agreeing Avell in colour and markings, though they have the wing 179 and 182 mm. respectively.
Range. West Africa, Senegal, Gambia, Serikin, Kudu, nr. Ibi, Benue River, and probably to Lake Chad.
Pterocles quadricinctus lowei C. Grant, op. cit.
Darker, more broadly marked, less " bloom" above.
Wing: S (J measured) 183-201 mm. ; ? (4 measured) 177-187 mm. Two young males measure 187 and 176 mm. respectively.
Range. Nile Valley, Abyssinia, Uganda, B.E.A., and west to el Obeid, Kordofan.
23. Vinago waalia. Bruce's Fruit-Pigeon.
Columba ivaalia Gmelin, Bruce's Reisen in das lunern von Africa, 1791, p. 31 : Tcherkin, nr. Lake Tsana, Abyssinia.
Gmelin does not give any defined locality, but in the * Travels to discover the Source of the Nile,' vol. v. 1790, p. 186, Bruce tells us he discovered the Waalia on the road to Tcherkin. Therefore this place, which is just north of Lake Tsana, becomes the type locality.
a, b. S ad. Kittigom, Chua Dist., 2850 ft. Feb. 20, 21.
Both are in good dress and not worn.
Total length in flesh: 12| & 13 inches. Wing: 170 & 178 mm.
[Irides blue and red ; bill bluish white, dull red at base ; feet yellow, claws grey. Very common.]
21. Vinago calva salvadorii. Salvadori's Bald-fronted Fruit-Pigeon.
Vinago calva salvadorii Dubois, P. Z. S. 1897, p. 784 : Eastern and Central Tropical Africa.
a,b. ^ ? ad. Araala River, 5400 & 5500 ft. Oct. 11 & 18.
c. ? ad. Mt. Maroto, Maroto Stream, 3700 ft. Jan. 20.
The female is duller and has less vinaceons on the wing than the male. Both are in good dress and the male is moulting. The female from Mt, Maroto is rather worn and darker than the other specimen.
Total length in flesh : S IH inches; ? 12 & IH inches.
Wing: ^ 167 mm. ; ? 172 & 167 mm.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 37
[Irides blue edged with red ; bill greenish horn or bluish white, red at base ; legs and toes red. In the female the bill is bluish white, basal half red.]
I have compared all the series in the Museum Collection, and cannot see any difference between Coliimba calva Temm. & Knip (Pig. i. 1811, p. 35, pi. vii. : coasts of Loango and Angola) and V. nudirostris Swainson (' Birds of Africa,' vol. ii. 1837, p. 205 : Senegal, cf. p. 203), which therefore becomes a synonym.
Vinago calva sharpei Reichenow (Orn. Monatsb. 1902, p. 45 : Oberguinea) is a pure synonym of V. nudirostris Swainson.
There is certainly some variation between the east and west coast birds, the eastern being perhaps rather brighter and rather larger than the west coast l)irds, and I have therefore maintained Dubois' " salvadoi'ii." Birds from both coasts almost lack the grey nuchal band, the conspicuousness or otherwise of which is probably due to age.
The range of the two races 1 recognise appears to be as follows : —
Vinago calva calva Temm.
Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Gold Coast Colony, Nigeria, Cameroons south to Angola east to Welle River and Upper Congo, Islands of Principe and Fernando Po, cf. Bannerraan, Ibis, 1914, p. 629.
Vinago calva salvadorii Dubois.
German East Africa, British East Africa, Uganda, across Ruwenzori and the Semliki Valley into eastern Belgian Congo.
25. Columba guinea longipennis. East African Speckled Pigeon.
Columba guinea longipennis Reichw. Vog. Afr. i. 1901, p. 402 : Ugogo, East Africa.
a. S ad. 7 miles N.W. of Baringo, 3800 ft. Dec. 29.
b. S ad. Mt. Maroto, Maroto Stream, 3700 ft. Jan. 24. Both are in good clean phimage.
Total length in flesh : 14 & 1 U inches. Wing : 224 & 231 mm.
38 Mr, C, H. B, Grant on a CoUection of
[Irides yellow, bordered exteriorly with red ; bare skin round eyes red ; bill dark brown or black, nostrils grey ; legs and toes pinkish flesh. Tolerably common.]
In naming these birds I have examined the whole series it) the National collection, and have come to the conclusion that there are only two races of Columha guinea. I have upheld C. g. longipennis Eeichenow, as the east African birds are somewhat larger than the west African, though the differences are very slight.
Erlanger, in the J. £. O. 1905, p. 112, compares the Guinea Pigeons from eastern, western, and southern Africa, and finds that the eastern and southern specimens differ from the north-eastern and western in the darker grey coloration, and furthermore the lower back, rump, and upper tail- coverts are the same colour as the belly ; he appears to place C. g. longipennis and C. g. u/iehensis as synonyms of C. g. 'phaionota.
I fail to understand what he means, and cannot see any difference in this respect between the western and eastern birds ; the south African race C g. phoionota G. R. Gray (List B. Brit. Mus. pt. iv. 1856, p. 32 : South Africa) is undoubtedly quite distinct.
The two races are as follows : —
COLUMBA GUINEA GUINEA Liuu.
Colmnha guinea Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 176G, p. 282 : Guinea, ex Edwards.
On the average smaller. Wing-measurement : 231- 212 mm.
Wing: Gambia, 231-218 mm. (not sexed). Gold Coast, c? 212 mm. ; J 220 mm, Niger, 222 mm. (not sexed).
COLUMBA GUINEA LONGIPENNIS Rcichw.
On the average larger. Wing-measurement (both sexes) : 24:-214 mm..
Wing : Abyssinia, ^ 245-228 mm., ? 237 mm. ; Somali, 234) mm. (not sexed). Sudan, $ 219 mm. East Africa, $ 238-.221mm.; % 230-214 mm, Kilimanjaro, $ 223 mm.;
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 39
227 mm., not sexed. Thus the males measure 2i5-219 mm. and the females 237-21 1- mm.
Of this race, C g, uheliensis Reichw. (Orn. Monatsb. 1898, p. 82 : Iringa in Uhehe), wing 220 mm., is a synonym.
26. Colutnba arquatrix. Speckled Wood-Pigeon. Columha arquatrix Temm. & Knip, Pig. i. 1808-13, fam.
secoiide, p. 1], pi. v. : Anteniquoi = Outeniqua, Knysna, Cape Colony.
a. $ ad. Top of Mau Escarpment, 7200 ft. Sept. 29.
This bird agrees perfectly Avith specimens from the type locality and is in quite good dress.
Total length in flesh : 15 j inches. Wing : 233 mm.
[Irides light brown; eyelids orange-yellow; bill yellow ; legs and toes yellow. Very common amongst the thick forest-trees.]
27. Turtur afra delicatula. Blue-spotted Wood-Dove. Chalcopelia delicatula Sharpe, Bull. B. O. C. xii. 1902,
p. 81 : Goz-abu-Gumar, White Nile.
a, b. c? ad. k, imm. Gondokoro, 1800 ft. Mar. 5.
The adult agrees perfectly with the type.
The immature specimen still retains some of the buflPy markings on the tips of the wing-feathers.
Total length in flesh: ad. 9 inches; imm. 8^ inches. Wing : 109 mm.
I agree with Mr. Sclater that there are three distinct races of the Blue-spotted Dove {cf. 'Ibis/ 1912, p. 35).
[Irides brown ; bill black ; legs and toes dull claret. Not observed until we reached Gondokoro.]
28. Turtur chalcospilos. Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove. Columba chalcospilos Wagl. Syst. Av., Col. 1827, sp. 83 :
Senegal.
a. S imm. E. of Mt. Leganisho, 6800 ft. Nov. 1. h. ? ad. Southern Guaso Nyiro, 2900 ft. Nov. 24.
c. c? juv. Amala River, 5300 ft. Oct. 23.
d. $ ad. Weiwei River, 3000 ft. Jan. 9.
40 Mr. C. H, B. Grarit on a Collection of
The adults are in good dress. The immature bird is an moult and still retains a few feathers of the young dress. The young bird ds also starting to assume the :adult plumage.
Total length in flesh : c? 8^ & 8 inches ; ? 8 & 7-2 inches. Wing: (? 113 & 107 mm. ; ? 101 & 102 mm.
In naming these birds I have had to examine the whole series in the National Collection ; and I agree with :Mr. Sclater {cf. Ibis. 1912, p. 35) that there are no real distinguishing characters between eastern and western and southern specimens ; at least in colour.
Measurements of the wing give the fallowing results : — West Africa, S 105-102 mm. : ? 99-98 mm. East Africa, (? 115^104 mm. ^ ? 111-102 mm. South Africa, S 11)0- 105 mm. ; ? 109-106 mm.
Certainly the west African birds are rather smaller than east and south African specimens, and should perhaps be kept separate, though, as only four specimens are available, it is possible that with a larger series the measurement of 105 mm. would be exceeded.
The single female specimen from Lake Ngami has the wing 118 ram., though it corrcsj)onds in colour with the rest of the series.
The named races of this Dove are as follows : — Turtiir chalcospi/os chalcostpilos Wagl. Syst. Av., Col. sp. 83 : Senegal. „ ^, erlangeri Rchw. J. f. O. 1902. p. 134:
Angola. „ „ ^•olkmanni Hchw. J. f. O. 1902, p. 134 :
Damaraland. „ caffra Rchw. J. f. O. 1902, p. 134:
S.E. Africa. ^ „ somalica Erl. J. f. O. 1905, p. 134.:
South Somaliland. „ ^, «cawMmfl Oberh. P. U.S. N. M. 1905,
p. .845: Mt. Kilimanjaro. T agree with Obei'holsor that T. c. erlangeri is a syuonym ol" T. c. cJui/cosj/i/os.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 41
If a much larger series should show that west African birds are persistently smaller and Somaliland birds persist- ently larger, then three races might be recognised as follows : —
T. c. chalcospilos. West Africa.
T. c. volkmanni. Damaraland, east to Lake Ngami.
T. c. Cflffra. South, central, east, and north-east Africa.
As regards the value of the names C. afra and C. chalco- spilos. there is no doubt both are founded on the Turtur senegalensis of Brisson (Orn. vol. i. 1760, p. 122) ; this name, however, cannot be used, as it is merely a latinisation of the French name and was not binomial. Brisson describes tlie colour of the spots as " viridi-aurese splendentes in violaceum mutautes sicut in coUo Anatino " : in other words, tiie green spotted form. Linnaeus describes the spots as " violaceo-azureis,'' and Wagler as " aureo-viridi, in violaceum vergente.'^ Thus there can be no question that Linnseus' name refers to the Blue-spotted Dove, and Wagler's name to the Green-spotted Dove. This agrees with Erlanger's views.
I have used the generic name of Turtur for this dove as there is no doubt that C. afra of Linnaeus is the species on which this genus is founded {rf. Boddaert, Tabl. Planch. Enlum. 1783, p. 10, pi. 160). G. M. Mathews was appa- rently the first to note this in Nov. Zool. xvii. 1910, p. 503.
[Irides brown; bill black or plumbeous, greyish brown in young; legs and toes red or claret, dull pinkish red in young.]
29. Streptopelia semitorquata semitorquata. Red-eyed Turtle-Dove.
Columba semitorquata Riipp. Neue Wirb. 1835, p. 66, pL 23 : Tarantagebirge, N. Aljyssinia.
a. ? ad. A mala River, 5300 ft. Oct. 22.
i. $ ad. Mt. Maroto, 3700 ft. Jan. 24.
Both are somewhat worn and moultiuii-.
42 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collectmi of
Total length in flesh: J 13^ inches; ? 13| inches.
Wing: c? 19^ n^'i^- 5 ? 185 mm.
[Irides red ; bill black; legs and toes red.]
In examining the whole series of this Pigeon I can
recognise only three races as follows : —
Streptopelia semitorquata semitorquata Riipp.
Range. N.E. and E. to S.E. Africa generally.
Of this Turtur s. minor Erl. (J. f. O. 1905, p. 125 : Koute Umfndu-Gobwen, S. Somaiiland, and Kismayu) ; and T. s. intermedins Erl. (op. cit. p. 124: Roba-Schalo_, South Shoa, and Harar), are synonyms.
Wing-measurements are as follows : — Abyssinia, ^ 192 mm.; ? 172 mm. Somaliland, (^ 197 mm.; ? 197 mm. East Africa, ^ 190-177 mm.; ? 187-185 mm. Portuguese East Africa, rT 191 mm.; ? 185-179 mm. Rhodesia and Gazaland, c? 192 mm.; ? 187 mm. Upper Congo, 185 mm. Transvaal, S 197-186 mm.; ? 189 mm. Zulaland, cT 193 mm. ; ? 185 mm.
Streptopelia semitorquata erytiirophrys Sw. Birds W. Afr. ii. 1837, p. 207, pi. 22 : West Africa, Senegal.
Range. West Africa and Fernando Po.
Wing-measurements: INIainland, ^ 185-172 mm.; ? 176-172 mm. Fernando Po, S 179-169 mm.; ? 168- 169 mm.
Streptopelia semitorquata shelleyi Salvad. Cat. Birds B. M. xxi. 1893, p. 419 : Kiger.
Range. Niger to Upper White Nile.
Wing measurements : J 179-169 mm. ; ? 175 mm.
30. Streptopelia capicola damarensis. Damaraland Turtle- Dove.
Turtur damarensis Finsch & Hartl. Vog. Ost-Afr. 1870, p. 550 : Damaraland (Andersson), Gross - Namakaland (^Levaill.).
a. S ad. Amala River, 5500 ft, Oct. 12.
b. cJ ad. Turkwel River, 1950 ft. Jan. 14.
The bird from Amala is rather worn and moulting, and the other is in bright plumage and very little worn.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 43
Total length in flesh: 12^ & 11 inches. Wing: 163& 155 mm.
The Araala specimen agrees perfectly n^ith specimens from Damaraland, and I cannot recognise T. c. tropica Reichw. (Oru. Monatsb. x. 1902, p. 139: East Africa) as distinct.
The specimen from the Turkwel River is much lighter in colour and larger than the other from Amala and is, I tliink, a female though marked as a male.
Certainly specimens from jNlt. Elgon and other parts of British East Africa seem to be darker than S. c. damarensis, but agree well with specimens of S. capicola capicola {C. vinacea var. capicola Sundev. Krit. om Levaill. 1857, p. 54-: Environs du Cap, cf LevaiU. Ois. d'Afr. vi. 1808, p. 79) from south-east Africa.
[Irides brown ; bill black; legs and toes red. The Turk- wel River bird has : Irides pale yellow, eyelids red ; bill black ; legs and toes red. Common in the dry country.]
31. Streptopelia lugens. Dusky Turtle-Dove.
Columha lugens Riipp. Neue Wirb. 1835, p. 64, pi. 22 : Dongola, Abyssinia.
a,b. J ? • Hills south of Narossura, 7200 ft, Nov. 4.
Both are in good plumage, the male being rather worn on the tail.
Total length in flesh : 11^ inches. Wing: ^ 178 mm.; V 172 ram.
There is no difi"ereuce in coloration between the male and female.
[Irides reddish brown, male lighter, around eyes red ; bill bluish brown ; legs and toes red. Appears to be quite common.]
32. Stigmatopelia senegalensis senegalensis. Senegal Turtle-Dove.
Columha senegalensis Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 283 : Senegal.
a. S dL([. Narossura River, 5000 ft. Nov.. 16.
b. ? juv. Annamuget, Bakoro, 3700 ft. Feb. 2.
44r Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
The male is in good dress and but slightly worn. The young bird is moulting from the young to the adult dress.
Total length in flesh: ad. 10^ inches; juv. ]0^ inches. Wing: ad. 133 mm.; juv. 130 mm.
\^Ad. Irides brown, eyelids red ; bill black ; legs and toes red. Juv. Legs and toes claret.]
In naming this bird I have been carefully through the whole series in the British ]\Iuseum, and I fail to see more than two races on the mainland of Africa and one from the Island of Socotra, three in all as follows : —
Stigmatopelia senegalensis senegalensis Litin.
Range. West, East, and South Africa.
Wing-measurements as follows : — Abyssinia, J" 141-135 mm. Somaliland, c? 137 mm. East Africa, c^ 140-134 mm.; ? 134-131 mm. Congo, S 133 mm. Tanganyika, J 134 mm. Nyasaland, S 137-131 mm. West Africa, (J 144- 131 mm.; ? 135-132 mm. (two specimens unsexed from Senegal 138 and 136 mm. respectively). South Africa, ^ 138-135 ram.; ? 134-132 mm. (one $ from Woodbush, N.E. Transvaal, 139 mm.).
Arabian birds also appear to belong to this lace. S > wing 134-131 mm.
I cannot recognise T. s. aguatorialis Erl. (Orn. Mouatsb. xii. 1904, p. 98 : Menaballa, Route Harar, Adis-Abeba, and Harar) ; it therefore becomes a synonym.
Stigmatopelia senegalensis ^gyptiaca Lath.
Columba (sgyptiaca Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 1790. p. 607, no. 49 : Egypt.
I have gone into the name given by Forskal to this race (^Columba testaceo-incarnata, Descript. Animal. Av. 1775, p. 5 : Egypt), and find that on p. vi. he gives the name of incarnata and on p. 5 the name of testaceo-incarnata ; T am of opinion, therefore, that although Sherborn has included the name in his Index Animalium, 1902, Forskal's name is not binomially correct and cannot stand.
Size large, and dark iii colour.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 45
Range. Egypt and Palestine.
Wing-measurements: Egypt, (5* 152-148 mm.; ? 145 mm. Palestine, $ 139 mm., one unsexed 142 mm.
Stigmatopelia senegalensis sokotr.e C. Grant.
Streptopelia senegalensis sokotrce Claude Grant, Bull. B. O. C. vol. XXXV. 1914, p. 19: Hadibu Plain, N. Sokotra.
Paler, and size somewhat smaller than S. s. senegalensis.
Type c? ad. Hadibu Plain, N. Sokotra. 12th Dec, 1898 (W. R. Ogilvie-Grant & H. O. Forbes). Wing: 129 mm.
Range. Island of Socotra.
Wing-measurements : ^ 133-123 mm.; ? 127-123 mm.
Mr. Ogilvie-Grant and Dr. Forbes in their paper on the Birds of Sokotra, " Nat. Hist, of Sokotra & Abd el Kuri," Aves, 1903, p. 56, in speaking of this dove, state that it " has the forehead, chin, and throat, and sometimes the lower breast distinctly paler than Arabian examples of this species.'^
This, coupled with the small size, compels me to separate this form from either of the mainland races.
The one unsexed specimen from ^Muscat in the Museum collection has the wing 128 mm., and though small, agrees in coloration with Arabian specimens.
33. (Ena capensis. Long-tailed African Dove. Columba capensis Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766^ p. 286 : Cape of Good Hope {ex Brisson).
a. (^ ad. Loita. Oct. 5.
b. $ ad. Kamchuru, Lobor dist., 3250 ft. Feb. 12.
c. S <'cl. 20 miles E. of Nimule, 2200 ft. Feb. 25. The specimen from Loita is in good clean dress, and the
other two are both a little faded.
Total length in flesh : (J 10 & 7| inches (tail of the last imperfect) ; ? 9| inches. Wing : (J 106 & 101 mm. ^ ? 101 mm.
I am afraid I cannot recognise CE. c. aiionynia Ober- holser (P. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. 1905, p. 843 : plains east of Mt. Kilimanjaro) ; all specimens I have examined
46 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
seem to vary slightly, and I cannot see any tangible differ- ence between specimens from the Cape and those from east Africa.
[(5*. Irides dark brown ; bill red, tip yellow; legs and toes red. ? . Similar, except bill reddish black.]
34.. Tympanistria tympanistria. White-breasted Wood- Dove.
Columba tympanistria Temm. & Knip, Pig. 1808-11, i. fam, sec. p. 80, pi. 36 : " La partie meridionale de TAfrique, vers le pays des Cafres.^'
a. ? ad. Amala River, 5300 ft. Oct. 24.
In good dress, rather darker on the head than specimens from south Africa.
Total length in flesh : 8i inches. Wing : 112 mm.
[Irides dark brown; bill pinkish brown; legs and toes dull claret-colour.]
35. Limnocorax niger. Black Rail.
RaUus niger, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 717 : Cape of Good Hope.
a. ? ad. Amala River, 5400 ft. Oct. 19.
b. ? juv. Narossnra River, 5000 ft. Nov. 13.
c. S iinm. N.E. slopes Nakwai Hills, 3600 ft. Feb. 8. Total length in flesh: ad. 8 inches; imm. 8f inches;
juv, 7i inches. Wing : juv. 99 mm.; iram. 101 mm.
The adult is in full moult and the wings are in full '^flapper" state, i.e., moulting altogether.
The young bird is apparently in first dress- The immature is not moulting and is in clean dress, being similar to the adult, but having ashy edges to the feathers, both above and below.
These birds agree with specimens from the type locality.
\_Ad. Irides red, eyelids red ; bill green ; legs and toes coral-red. Imm. Irides red, eyelids red ; bill green ; legs and toes dull red. Jav. Irides red; bill dirty green : legs and toes reddish brown. Common, but seldom seen on account of its retiring habits.]
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 47
36. Gallinula chloropus meridionalis. African Moorhen.
Stagnicola meridionalis Brelim^ Yogelf. 1855, p. 331 : South Africa.
a. ? imm. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 1,3^ inches, AYing : 145 mm.
This example is moulting on the bodj^ alone from first to second plumage (cf. Moults of G. c. chloi'opus, Ibis, 1914,
p. 3oa).
[Irides reddish brown; bill greenish and red; legs and toes green. Common.]
To prove the validity or otherwise of this subspecies I have had to examine the whole of the G. chloropus group, and have come to the following conclusions : —
Gallinula chloropus chloropus Linn.
Fulica chloropus Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 258 : South Europe.
Gallinula minor Hartl. (J. f. O. 1860, p. 341 : Senegal) is a synonym of G. atigulata ; and Stagnicola minor Brehm (Vogelf. 1855, p. 331 : Germany) is a synonym of G. c. chloropus.
Bartgc. Europe generally, Arabia, Egypt, and Azores.
Wing measurements : ^ 188-173 mm.; ? 177-167 mm.
Indian, Ceylonese, Chinese and Japanese birds are in every way similar to those from Europe except that they are slightly smaller ; they should perhaps bear the name of:—
G. c. PARViFRoxs Blyth.
Gallinula parvifrons Blyth, J. A. S. Bengal, xii. 1843, p. 180 : nr. Calcutta.
G. burnesi Blyth (J. A. S. Bengal, xxiii. 1854, p. 737) was founded on a drawing by Burnes of a bird from Kabul, which is stated to have no white under tail-coverts and no white flank-stripes. I can find no bird from Asia that accords with this description.
The " less developed shield ^' is no character, and it must be borne in mind that Blyth compared his Calcutta bird with one from Mauritius.
48 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
Wing-measurements: ^ 175-155 mm.; ? 16.2-159 mm.; (^ from type loc. 162 mm.
Range. India, Ceylon, China, and Japan, and perhaps Tibet; two specimens from the latter country have the wing 157 mm. & 180 mm., the last being a male.
Gallinula chloropus orientalis Horsf.
Gallinula orientalis Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. 1820, p. 195 : Java.
Small, and with distinct blue on the wing-coverts.
Wing-measurements: J" 1(50-152 mm.; sexed and uusexed 166-145 mm., type 145 mm. One from Sumatra has the wing only 129 mm.
Range. Java, Sumatra, and the Celebes.
Five specimens from Luzon and Formosa seem to be rather intermediate between G. c. orientalis and G, c. parvi- frons. Tlicir wings measure 175-166 mm,, two sexed males 170 mm, & 166 mm.
Gallinula chloropus mrridionalis Brehm,
Of this, Stagnicola brachyptera Brehra (Vogelf. 1855, p, 331 : Middle Africa) is a synonym.
Small, with distinct blue on wing-coverts.
Apparently only distinguishable from G. c. orientalis by its shorter toes.
Wing-measurements: (^ 175-147 mm,; ? 165-153 mm.
Range. Africa generally, except Egypt; it also occurs on the islands of St, Thomas and Annobon as recorded by Mr. D. A. Bannennan in his paper in this number of the Ibis*.
Gallinula chloropus pykrhorhoa Newt,
Gallinula pyrrhorho a A. Newton, P. Z. S, 1861, p. 18: Mauritius.
Under tail-coverts deep buff colour.
Wing-measurement : 175-162 mm.
Range. Mauritius and Madagascar.
G. frontata, from Bouru, Cerara, and Celebes, coincides in its distribution with G. c. orientalis in the latter locality
• Cf. p. 116.
Birds from British East Africa arul Uganda. 49
and is quite distinct, being large, dark, with no flank stripes or only the merest indications, and having the legs dark red.
37. Fulica cristata. Crested Coot.
FuUca cristata Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 704 : Madagascar.
a, b. 9 ad. & imm. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 3 & 6
Total length in flesh: ad. 17 inches ; imra. 17| inches. Wing: ad. 129 mm.; imm. 193 mm. Weight of immatui'e : \\ lbs.
Both are in good dress. The immature, besides having browner flight- feathers, has the shield and knobs on the head considerably smaller.
In the National Collection there is only one specimen from the type locality, an immature bird, which agrees perfectly with birds of the same age from the mainland of Africa.
\_Ad. Irides red ; bill bluish white, crown white, " horns ^^ red; legs and toes plumbeous. 1mm. Irides brown ; bill bluish horn ; legs and toes plumbeous. Abundant.]
38. Poliocephalus ruficollis capensis. African Little Grebe.
Podiceps capensis Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. 1881, p. 252: South Africa.
a,b.S ? ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : ^ 10^ inches; ? 9^ inches. Wing: (J 103 mm. ; ? 91 mm.
The male is in full summer dress and the female is moulting on the chest and may not be fully adult, as the chestnut of the neck and the black of the chin and throat are intermixed with white.
These specimens- agree quite well with others from the type locality.
[Irides brown ; bill black, greenish horn in ? , bare skin
SKR. X. VOL. HI. K
50
Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
Text-fior. 2.
A. Head of Podiceps ovist atus cristatus.
B. Head of Podiceps cristatus infuscatus.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 51
yellow, greenish yellow in ? ; legs and toes black and olive- green, black on outside in ? , Stomach contained aquatic insects. Very common.]
39. Podiceps cristatus infuscatus. African Great Crested Grebe. (Text-figure 2 B.)
Podiceps infuscatus Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. 1884., p. 251 : Lago Kilole (Adda Galla).
a. ^ ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 23^ inches. Wing: 187 mm.
In full summer dress.
This is quite a distinct subspecies, and besides having the upper parts and the flanks darker than in P. cristatus cristatus Linn. (Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 222 : Europe), as pointed out by Salvadori and recognised by Sharpe (cf. Ibis, 1892, p. 545), has no trace of a superciliary streak, as was apparently fiirst noticed by Guruey {cf. Ibis, 1885, p. 350). This character is as noticeable in winter as in summer dress.
The figure of the head in Stark & Sclater's ' Fauna of South Africa,' iv. 1906, p. 510, does not truly represent either one or the other ; according to the artist, Mr. Gronvold, it was drawn from a South African specimen, and a faint line, visible on the drawing, has been pointed out to me as meant to separate the white lores from the dark feathering over the eye.
This same figure has been used in C. J. Patten's 'Aquatic Birds of Gt. Britain and Ireland,' 1906, p. 515, and emphasises once again the folly of publishing in any work figures or plates of a species that have not been drawn from a specimen taken in the country or that part of it to which the work alludes.
Range. The African Great Crested Grebe is probably found over the greater part of Africa, except possibly Algeria and Tunisia, where it is replaced by the European bird.
If further evidence is required to show that the African bird is distinct from the European, it is that during the winter months in the Northern Hemisphere, when the
E 2
52 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
"European birds are in full winter dress, the African birds are in full summer dress.
[Irides reddish brown ; bill brownish horn, tip of lower mandible lighter ; legs and toes mottled yellow and black. Many seen, shy and difficult to shoot.]
40. Hydrochelidon leucoptera leucoptera. White-winged Tern.
Sterna leucoptera Temm. Man. d'Ornith. 1815, p. 483: Coasts of the Mediterranean.
a. ^ imm. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 9^ inches. Wing : 205 mm. Bill : 25 mm.
This bird is practically in full winter dress, but still retains a few of the immature feathers in the wings and tail.
In naming this bird I have gone through the whole series in the National Museum, both of this species and H. nigra Linn. (Syst. Nat. 10th ed, 1758, p. 137: Europe), and have noted the following differences between the species in winter and immature dress : —
H. I. leucoptera. — Adult winter. Appeai'ance of crown and nape lighter (actually the black is much blacker), feathers more broadly edged with white, giving a very mottled appearance. Above lighter grey.
Young. On the average more white on forehead, and much whiter rump.
H. nigra. — Adult ivinter. Appearance of crown and nape darker (actually the black is more sooty). Above darker grey.
Young. On the average less white, often more fulvous, on forehead, and much greyer rump.
At all times and at all ages the bill of H. leucoptera is shorter than that of H. nigra., i. e. H. leucoptera, 22-25 mm., and H. nigra, 26-28 mm., taking adults only.
Specimens in the Museum show that H. leucoptera is found commonly in Africa, both east and west, and south to Cape Colony ; H. nigra is apparently a rare visitor, as there are
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 53
only three specimens in the Museum collection, two from Fantee and one from Victoria, Cameroon.
As reo^ards the names, Sterna fissipes Linn. (Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 228 : South Europe), and Sterna cinerea Gm. (Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 607 : Italy), are both very indeterminate, but I think that the former applies more to H. nigra and the latter more to H. leucoptera in changing plumage, though it is impossible to decide the question with any certainty.
[Irides brown; bill black ; legs and toes red. Several seen.]
41. Gelochelidon nilotica nilotica. Africau Gull-billed Tern.
Sterna nilotica Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 606 : Egypt.
a b. (^ '^ ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : (J 15 inches ; ? 14 inches. Wing : (^ 327 mm.
Both examples are in moult and rapidly assuming the full "winter dress. In the female the first primaries are only partly grown and the wing cannot therefore be measured.
[Irides brown ; bill black ; legs and toes dark brown. Several seen.]
42. Larus cirrhocephalus. Grey-Headed Gull.
Larus cirrhocephalus Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxir 1818, p. 502 : Brazil.
a, b, c. ? imm. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
One with a rather shorter bill, 30 mm. as against 35 and 37 mm. of the other two, has the [bill pinkish brown, tip black; legs and toes reddish flesh]. Except for the bill the bird is similar to the other two.
Total length in flesh ; 15^, 15|, 16 inches. Wing : 287, 291, 305 mm.
All are a little worn and one is in second dress, ^. e. the dress that is assumed by the first autumn moult and which is retained till the following autumn moult.
I am unable to see any character that separates African from American specimens.
54 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
It is worthy of note that, so far as I can learn, the exact breeding-place of this bird is not known, and the eggs have not yet been described. The eggs in the British Museum, collected by Holland in the Argentine and recorded in the Cat. of Birds' Eggs (E. Gates), vol. v. 1901, p. 207, pi. xvi. fig. 5, are without doubt those of L. maculipennis Licht, (Verz. Doubl. 1823, p. 83: Monte Video); and I should not be surprised to learn that the breeding- place of this species was not in South America, especially as ray own observations in the Argentine showed that L. cirrhocephalus left during the breeding-season [cf. Ibis, 1911, p. 475).
On going through the dated adults in the National Col- lection the following shows the months during which they occur on the two continents : — Ajrica : January, February, March, May, June, July, August, November and December. South America : March, April, May, July, September, November and December.
This certainly seems to point to the bird being found throughout the year on both continents and is in contra- diction to my own observation quoted above.
Sir Frederick Jackson says that this gull breeds com- monly on Lake Naivasha, but I have not been able to examine eggs in support of this.
[Irides brown ; bill light brown, tip darker; legs and toes yellowish flesh. Common.]
43. Sarciophorus tectus. Senegal Plover.
Charadrius tectus Bodd. Tab. PL Enl. d'llist. Nat. 1783, p. 51 : Senegal, ex Brisson.
a. cJ ad. 16 miles N.W. of Baringo, 3550 ft. Dec. 29.
Total length in flesh : 11^ inches. Wing : 195 mm.
This bird is in quite good dress, very little worn. The white underparts are stained with sandy, due to the nature of the ground on which the bird was shot.
As regards S. latifrons Reichenow (Ornith. Centralb. 1881, p. 79: Berdera, B. Juba), I cannot, with the specimens before me, see any dift'erence either in the white band of the fore- head or in general colour between western and eastern birds.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 55
The following measurements of the wings also show very little difference in this respect : —
Western : 193-180 mm. Two sexed males, 190-189 mm.
Eastern : 202-173 mm. Sexed males, 195-189; females, 192-173 mm.
[Irides yellow; bill red, tip black, wattles red; legs and toes red.]
44. Afribyx senegallus. Wattled Spur-winged Plover. Parra senegallus Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 259 :
Senegal.
a. ? ad. 50 miles S. of Gondokoro. Mar. 1.
Total length in flesh : 13| inches. Wing : 228 mm.
In good plumage, just a little worn.
This bird may not be fully adult as it has not yet assumed the black on the abdomen, or the black tip to both mandibles, which cliaracters do not appear to be sexual or seasonal.
[Irides greyish yellow; upper wattle red, lower yellow ; eyelids yellow ; bill yellow, tip of upper mandible black ; legs and toes yellow. Tolerably common and nesting.]
45. Hoplopterus spinosus. Egyptian Spur-winged Plover. Charadrius spinosus Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758,
p. 151 : Egypt.
a. S ad. Lake Hannington, 3700 ft. Dec. 25. Total length in flesh : 11;^ inches. Wing : 198 mm. In very worn and bedraggled plumage. [Bill black ; legs and toes black.]
46. Hoplopterus armatns. Black-and-white Spur-winged Plover.
Charadrius armatus Burchell, Travels, i. 1822, p. 501 : Klaarwater or Griquatown, Cape Colony. a. ? ad. Loita, 6300 ft. Oct. 4. Total length in flesh : \\\ inches. Wing : 215 mm. In clean fresh dress, still moulting. [Irides red ; bill black ; legs and toes black.]
56 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
47. Stephaniljyx coronatus. Crowned Lapwing. Charadrius coronatus Bodd. Tab. PI. Enl, d'llist. Nat.
1783, p. 49 : Cape of Good Hope.
a. S ad. Mt. Suswa, Sept. 27.
Total length in flesh : llf inches. Wing : 202 mm.
In rather worn dress and moulting.
[Irides yellow ; bill red, tipped with black ; legs and toes red. Very common and several seen close to camp.]
48. Stephanibyx melanopterus. Black-winged Lapwing. Charadrius melanopterus Cretzschm. Atlas, 1826, p. 46,
pi. 31, published 1829 {of. Oken, Isis. 1829, xxii. p. 1291) : Djedda, Red Sea.
a. ^ ad. Narossura Plateau, 8100 ft. Nov. 1.
Total length in flesh : lOf inches. Wing : 211 mm.
In somewhat worn plumage.
The difl'crences between this species and S. inornatus Sw. (Birds W. Afr. ii. 1837, p. 239: Senegal) are well marked.
The name Charadrius Ivgubris Lesson (Diet. Sc. Nat. xlii. 18*^6, p. 36) apparently has priority over Vanellus inornatus Swainson and should be used. No type locality was given, but I designate Senegal.
The two main characters lie in the warm bronzy colour of the back of <S. melanopterus compared with the cold oily green back of S. Ivyubris { = S. inornatus)^ and in the wing of the former measuring 225-201 mm. as against 183-169 mm. of the latter. There is also apparently some difference in the soft parts (c/. Ibis, 1912, p. 59).
I have been unable to examine specimens of S. melano- pttrus from the type-locality, and the figure in the ' Atlas ' shows a very brown-backed bird, which may, however, be merely due to the artist.
As regards the S. m. minor Zedlitz (J. f. O. 1908, p. 180 : South Africa), there appears to be very little diflFerence be- tween south, east, and north-esst African specimens; the colour is the same, the frontal forehead band is a very yariable quantity, and the wings measure respectively; from
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 57
south Africa 215-201 mm., east Africa 213-205 mm., and north-east Africa 225-214 ram.
In these days of careful geographic work it is a pity a more definite locality has not been given for the tyj)e.
[Irides yellow, eyelids red ; bill black ; legs and toes dull red.]
49. Eupoda asiatica. Asiatic DottcT'cl.
Charadrius asiaticus Pallas, Reise Russ. R, ii. 1773, p. 715 : S. Tartary.
a,b. S <} iram. Loita, 6300 ft. Nov. 28.
c. ? imra. Turkwel River, 2000 ft. Jan. 11.
d, e. S ad. Bakoro Plain, 3500 ft. Feb. 3.
Total length in flesh: ad. Qi inches; imm. 9 & 8| inches.
Wing : ad. 156 & 150 mm. ; imm. ^ 146 mm. ; $ 150 & 147 mm.
The immature females are in clean plumage and not moulting : the male is moulting.
One of the two adults is moultiTig on the bodv.
\_Ad. Irides brown ; bill black ; legs greyish flesh, feet darker. Imm. Irides brown ; bill black ; hgs and toes greenish grey. In small flocks.]
50. Afroxyechus tricollaris. Tri-collared Sand-Plover. Charadrius tricollaris Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxvii.
1818, p. 147 : Africa. Africa meridionalis, Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, p. Q7 . I designate nr. Cape Town.
a, b. ? ad. Loita, 6300 ft. Oct. 4.
c. $ imm. Ainala River, 5500 ft. Oct. 11.
Total length in flesh : 6^ & 7 inches. Wing : 116, 108, & 105 mm.
All are in moult, the immature still retaining some of the young dress on the wings and tail.
[Irides light brown, eyelids red ; bill black, basal half yellow, orange, or flesh-colour ; legs and toes flesh, yellov\i^h flesh, or dusky flesh-colour. Tolerably common on the salt- ruarshes.]
58 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Couection of
51. Himantopus himantopus. European Stilt. Charadrius himantopus Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758,
p. 151 : Egypt ex Hasselquist.
fl, b. ? imm. Loita, 6300 ft. Oct. 4.
Total length in flesh: 14^ inches. Wing: 214 & 213 mm.
Both are in young plumage and are starting to assume the adult feathering on the body.
[Irides reddish brown; bill black, base of lower mandible pink or flesh-colour; legs and toes bluish pink or bluish flesh. Plentiful.]
52. Tringa stagnatilis. Marsh Sandpiper.
Totanus stuyautilis Bechst. Taschenb. Deutschl. ii. 1803, p. 292 : Germany.
a. (J ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 12.
Total length in flesh : 9^ inches. Wing : 132 mm.
Moulting into winter dress, the old feathers being very- worn and rusty.
[Irides brown ; bill black, greenish at base ; legs and toes dirty green. Common.]
53. Tringa ochropus. Green Sandpiper.
Tringa ocrophus Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, p. 149: Sweden.
a. ? ad. Mau. Dec. 2.
Total length in flesh : 10 inches. Wing : 152 mm.
Still moulting into winter plumage on the body.
[Irides brown ; bill olive- green , legs and toes yellowish grey. Several seen.]
54. Tringoides hypoleucos. Common Sandpiper.
Tringa hypoleucos Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, p. 149: Sweden.
a. ? iram. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft, Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 8 inches. Wing : 109 mm.
Moulting in the wings only.
[Irides brown; bill dark green ; legs and toes plumbeous flesh.]
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 59
55. Pisobia minuta. Little Stint.
Tringa minuta Leisler, Nachtr. Bechst. Naturgesch. Deutsch. 1812, p. 74: Germany.
a. ? ad. Lake Naivaslia, 6700 £t. Dec. 6.
Total length in flesh : 6 inches. Wing : 9-4 ram.
In full fresh winter dress.
[Irides brown ; bill black ; legs and toes dark brown. Several seen.]
56. Gallinago nigripennis. Black-qnilled Snipe. Galliaago nigripennis Bp. Icon. Faun. Ital., Ucc. 1832^
text to pi. 43. p. 4 : Cape of Good Hope.
a. S imm. Mau, 9100 ft. Dec. 2.
Total length in flesh : Hi inches. Wing : 130 mm.
In clean dress and very little worn. The light tips to the primaries show that this specimen is not fully adult.
[Irides brown ; bill brown, dirty green at base ; legs and toes greyish yellow. Appears to be common.]
57. Gallinago gallinago. Common Snipe.
Scolopav gallinago Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, p. 147 : Sweden.
a. S ad. Loita, 6400 ft. Oct. 4.
Total length in flesh : 10^ inches. Wing : 135 mm.
In good dress and but little worn,
[Irides brown; bill light brown, black at tip; legs and toes dull green. Several seen.]
58. Actophilus africanus. African Jacana.
Parra africana Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 709 : Africa, I designate Abyssinia.
a. ? ad. River Naam, 3150 ft. Feb. 16.
Total length in flesh : 13 inches. Wing : 167 mm.
In good plumage, very little worn.
[Irides brown ; bill and crown bluish grey ; legs and toes bluish grey. Stomach contained aquatic insects. Quite common and tame.]
60 Mr. C. H . B. Grant on a Collection of
59. Cursorius temminckii. Temrninck's Courser. Cursorius temminckii Sw. Zool. Illustr. ii. 1822, pi. 106 :
Senegal {cf. Sw. Birds W. Afr. ii. 1837, p. 230).
a. ^ ad. Lemek Valley. Oct. 6.
b, c. ^ 2 ad. Kamchurn, L()borDist.,3200ft. Feb. 13. Total length in flesh: 8 inches. Wing: (J 127 &
126 mm. ; $ 125 mm.
All three are in good clean dress; they are rather darl- coloured specimens and have a dark tinge across the fore- head ; tliey are, however, matched by specimens from boih west and sonth Africa, and I can see no constant character that differentiates the eastern birds.
[Irides brown; bill black, base of lower mandible whitish; legs and toes cream or white. Contents of stomach, insects. Tolerably common.]
60. Rhinoptilus africanus gracilis. Two-banded Courser. Cursorius gracilis Kisch. & Reichw. J. f. O. 1884, p. 178 :
Masailand.
a. (J ad. Kijabe, 6200 ft. Sept. 24.
Total length in flesh: 8 inches. Wing: 132 ram.
In somewhat worn dress and moulting on body.
[Irides brown; bill black; legs and toes white. Seen only two or three times.]
In naming this bird I have examined carefully all the races of this Courser and have come to the following conclusions : —
Rhinoptilus africanus africanus Temm.
Cursorius africayius Temra. Cat. Syst. Cab. Orn. 1807, p. 175, and p. 263 : Namaqualand.
A large, rather pale form. Wing : 161-147 mm.
Range. Little and Great Namaqualand and Damaraland across to Bechuanaland (part).
Of this Cursorius hicinctvs Temm. (Man. d'Orn. ii. 1820, p. 515 : Interior of Africa, ex Le Vaillaut, as is Teraminck's
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. CI
africatius) ; Tachijdromvs coUaris Vieill. (N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. viii. 1817, p. 293: Africa. Africa mcridionali locis sterilibus, cf. Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, p. 81 ; a substitute name for africnnus and founded on specimens in Temminck's collection) ; and Cursorius grallator Leadbeater (Trans. Linn. Soc. n. s. xvi. 1830, read Dec. 20, 1825, p. 92 : no type locality), are synonyms.
Rhinoptilus africanus sharpei.
Rhinoptilus africanus sharpei Erlanger, J. f. O. 1905, p. 59 : South-east Africa.
For modern work I consider the non-recording of a type and the very vague type-locality given by Erlanger to be inexcusable. However, to avoid creating further names I use his name for this large dark race, and designate Deel- foutein, central Cape Colony, as the particular type locality.
A large, dark form. Wing : 164—148 mm.
Range. Griqualand West, Bechuanaiand (part), central Cape Colony to Orange River Colony and Transvaal.
Rhinoptilus africanus bisignatus Hartl.
Cursorius bisignatus Hartl. P. Z. S. 18G5, p. 87 : Ben- guella, Angola.
A small, pale form. Wing : 135 mm.
Range. Angola.
Only one specimen, the type, is in the National collection and is paler than east African birds. This character with a larger series may prove to be constant, so that I prefer, for the present, to keep the Angola race separate from the east African race.
Rhinoptilus africanus gracilis Fisch. & Reichw.
Cursorius gracilis Fisch. & Reichw. J. f. O. 1884, p. 178 : Masailand.
A small, somewhat dark race. Wing : 132-129 mm.
Range. German East Africa, British East Africa, and Uganda.
62 Mr. C. II. B. Grant on a Collection of
Rhinoptilus africanus hartingi Shar[)e. Rhinoptilus hartinqi Shai'pe, Bull. B, O. C. iii. 1893, p. xiv : Somaliland.
A small rufous race. Wing : 145-130 mm. Range. Somaliland.
61. Rhinoptilus cinctus cinctus. Heuglin's Courser. Cursorius cinctus Heugl. Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
xix. 1856, p. 255 : Bahr el Abiad, i. e. White Nile.
In 'The Ibis' for 1863, p. 31, pi. i., Heuglin describes this bird under the genus Henierodromus and gives the type- locality as Gondokoro, White Nile.
a. S ad. N'gal)otok, Turkwel River, 2200 ft. Jan. 10.
Total length in flesh : 9| inches. Wing : 157 mm.
In good clean dress and still moulting slightly.
[Irides brown ; bill black, base yellow ; legs and toes bluish flesh. Several seen in dry desert country, standing beneath "wait-a-bit'' thorn bushes for shade.]
62. (Edicnemus senegalensis. Senegal Thick-knee. CEdicnemus senegalensis Swains. Birds W. Afr. ii. 1837,
p. 228 : Senegal.
a, ^ iram. Lake Hannington, 3700 ft. Dec. 25.
b. ? ad. Kittigom, Chua Dist., 2850 ft. Feb. 21. Total length in flesh: 16 inches. Wing: ad. 210 mm.;
imm. 207 mm.
The adult is quite worn, but is not yet moulting. The immature is generally much more sandy in colour than the adult.
[Irides yellow, eyelids yellow ; bill black, base yellow, base yellowish green in immature ; legs and toes yellowish grey, diity yellow in immature. Several seen ]
63. (Edicnemus capensis capensis. South African Thick- knee.
(Edicnemus capensis Licht. Verz. Doubl. 1823, p. 69 : Cape of Good Hope.
a. ? ad. Loita, 6300 ft. Nov. 26.
Total length in flesh : 16| inches. Wing : 227 ram.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 63
[Trides yellow, eyelids yellow ; bill black, base yellow ; legs and toes yellow, brownish in front.]
In naming this bird I have examined all the specimens in the British Museum, and have come to the following conclusions in regard to the various named races : —
(Edionemus CAPENsis CAPENSis Licht.
(Edicnemus capensis Licht. Verz. Doubl. 1823, p. 69 : Cape of Good Hope.
Range. South, south-west, south-east to east Africa, north to Lado.
Wing : 243-214 mm. Three from Plettenberg Bay, Cape Colony, the nearest I can find to the type-locality, have the wing 229-228 mm.
Of this, CE. c. damarensis Rchw. (Vog. Afr. iii. Nachtr. 1905, p. 801 : German S.W. Africa) and CE. csungor Madarasz (Arch. Zool. Budap. i. 1909, p. 11 : Schirati, German East Africa), are synonyms.
The character in regard to the tail given by Madarasz is not by any means constant, and I can only find it in two specimens, one from Masailand, and the other from north Guaso Nyiro; whereas all the others from German and British East Africa agree with specimens from further south in every detail.
QCdicnemus capensis affinis Riipp. Mus. Senck. ii. 1837, p. 210 : Kordofan.
Range. Kordofan, Abyssinia, and Somaliland.
A smaller, very rufous race. Wing : 222-204 mm.
(Edionemus capensis dodsoni O. -Grant, Bull. B. O. C. x. 1899, p. xix. : Lahej, S. Arabia.
A small, greyer race with finer markings. Wing : 224- 220 mm.
I have been unable to examine specimens of G^. c. psam- muchromus Reichw. (Vog. Afr. iii. Nachtr. J 905, p. 801 : Hinterlande von Togo), or of CE. c. ehrenbergi Zedlitz (Orn. Monatsb. 1910, p. 9: Dahlak Island, Red Sea), which I should not be surprised to find is either CE. c. ajffinis or CE. c. dodsoni, and most probably the former.
64 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Cullectiun of
64. Neotis cafra. Stanley Bustard.
Otis cafra Licht. Cat. Her. Nat, Rar. Hamb. 1793, p. 36 : Kaffirlaiid.
a,b.S^ ^^- Amala River, 5400 £t. Oct. 16.
c. c? ad. S. Guaso Nyiro, 6600 ft. Nov. 29.
All are in good plumage, and there is no difference in coloration between the sexes.
Total length in flesh : c? 41 & 39^ inches ; ? 42| inches.
Wing : c? 594 & 590 mm. ; ? 570 mm.
Weight : c? 15^ & 12 lbs. ; ? 13^ lbs.
I had at first thought that the east African bird was different from the south African, but 1 have come to the con- clusion that the two south Africau specimens in the British Museum (one marked S. Africa, the type of 0. stanleyi Gray, [Zool. Misc. 1831, p. 12 ] ; and the other from Potchefstroom) are both immature, as they agree perfectly with a specimen from British East Africa that is undoubtedly immature.
These differ from the adult in their smaller size, in being much more sandy above, in having the lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts distinctly huffy and more finely marked, and in the grey of the neck and breast being vermiculated with black and buffy.
The striking difference between the size of the adults and young is shown as follows: — Young South African bird, no sex, has the wing 446 mm.; a Potchefstroom female has the wing 487 mm, ; one from B. E. A , no sex, has the wing 480 mm.; and the adults, on the other hand, have the wing : a male in the British Museum from Lake Naivasha609 mm., and others as stated above.
[Irides brown; bill, upper mandible dark brown, lower greenish ; legs and toes dirty white, dirty yellowish white, or dirty cream. Tolerably common, usually in paiis.]
65. Otis hartlaubii. Hartlaub's Bustard. Otis hartluubii Heugl. J. f. O. 1863, p. 10 : Sennaar, a. 9 ad. Bakoro, 25 miles E. Lobor Mts., 3500 ft. Feb. 2.
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. G5
Total length in flesh : 24^ inches. Wing : 306 mm. [Irides yellow ; bill light horn, culmen black ; legs and toes dirty cream-colour. Common.]
66. Otis senegalensis cauicollis. Grey-necked Bustard. Otis caincoUis Reichw. Orn. Ceutralb. May 1881, p. 79 :
Berdera, R. Juba.
a. ? ad. Lemek Valley, 6400 ft. Oct. 6.
b, c. (J ? ad. Amala, 5500 ft. Oct. \lo.
d. (J ad. E. of Mt. Legauisho, 7000 ft. Nov. 1.
All are in good dress.
Total length in flesh: S 22^ & 23 inches; ? 22^ & 23 inches. Wing : c? 319 & 305 mm. ; ? 311 & 310 mm. Weight : one female, 2^^ lbs.
In the orginal description Reichenow gives no type locality, but in the July number of the J. f. O. of the same year he distinctly states, " Hab. Berdera (xlfrica orieutalis)."
This proves that he is right in placing 0. s. somaliensis Erl. (J. f. O. 1905, p. 82, Taf. ii. fig. 2: Gandakore, nr. Harar) as a synonym of O. s. canicollis [cf. Vog. Afr. iii. Nachtr. p. 802), and that Neumann is wrong in keeping these distinct [cf. J. f. O. 1907, p. 307), but is right in attaching these races to 0. senegalensis Yieiil.
I cannot, however, see the differences between this race (0. s. canicollis) and the east African one, 0. s. erlangeri Rchw. (Vog. Atr. iii. Nachtr. 1905, p. 802 : Matschako, B.E.A.), which therefore becomes a synonym, and makes one race from Somaliland to British and German East Africa.
[Irides brown ; bill : tip horn or bluish horn, basal portion yellow, around nostrils pink ; legs and toes dirty cream. Quite common.]
67. Otis kori strutMunculus. North African Kori Bustard.
Otis kori struthiunculus Neum. J. f. O. 1907, p. 306 : Lake Zuai, Abyssinia.
a. ? ad. Loita, 6300 ft. Oct. 3.
SER. X. VOL. III. P
66 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
b. ? imm. Lemek Valley, 6600 ft. Oct. 6.
c. ? ad. Amala River, 5300 ft. Oct. 19. All are somewhat worn.
The young bird differs from the adult principally in its smaller size and in being somewhat lighter above.
Total length in flesh: ad. 43| & 40A inches; imm. 36f inches. Wing: ad. 630 & 605 mm.; imm. 555 mm.
These three specimens agree Mell with the description of this subspecies, and show the distinctive difference in the lores and superciliaries when compared with the single south African specimen before me of O. k. kori Burch., the type-locality of which is " Junction of Orange and Vaal Rivers, Griqualand " (c/. Burchell, Trav. i. 1822, p. 391).
The wing in this south African bird measures 530 mm , The bird is undoubtedly immature, and besides showing the mottled lores and superciliaries as pointed out by Neu- mann, is distinctly more sandy above than the immature bird from the Amala River.
[Adult. Irides yellow-brown or yellow, lower half pale brown ; bill, upper mandible dark brown, lower greyish white or black, base of lower mandible light horn ; legs and toes dirty cream or dirty greenish white.
Immature. Irides yellow ; bill, upper mandible dark horn, lower whitish ; legs and toes dirty white.
More commonly seen than the Stanley Bustard.]
68. Threskiornis asthiopica. Sacred Ibis.
Tantalus athiopicus Lath. Ind. Orn. 1790, p. 706: ^Ethiopia ; probably Egypt, cf. Bruce, Trav. to Disc. Source of Nile, vol. V. App. i. 1790, p. 172, pi. 35.
a. S imm. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Totallength in flesh : 30^ inches. Wing : 382 mm.
The single example is moulting into adult feathering on the wings.
This specimen matches very well the figure given by Bruce.
[Irides brown ; bill black ; legs and tors black. Quite common.]
Birds from British East Africa and U(janda. CfJ
69. Plegadis falcinellus. Glossy Ibis.
Tantalus falcinellus Linn. Syst. Nut. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 211 : Austria.
a. ^ ad. Lake Naivaslia, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 22;^ inches. Wing : 272 mm.
In full winter plumage and a little worn.
[Irides brown ; bill plumbeous ; legs and toes brownish black. Very common,]
70. Ibis ibis. African Wood Il)is.
Tantalus ibis Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 241 : Egypt.
a. (^ imm. Guaso Nyiro, 6500 ft. Nov. 28.
Total length in flesh : 38^ inclies. Wing : 466 mm.
In immature brown dress and somewhat worn.
[Irides grey ; bill yellow ; head red ; legs and toes greyish flesh, upper three inches of legs red. Stomach contained grass and sand. The only one seen.]
71. Abdimia abdimii. White-bellied Stork.
Ciconia abdimii Licht. Verz. Doubl. 1823, p. 76 : Dongola, Egyptian Sudan.
a. S ad. Assua River, 20 miles E. of Nimule, 2100 ft. Feb. 25.
Total length in flesh : 29^^ inches. Wing : 400 mm.
In quite good plumage, very little worn.
[Irides brown, bare skin blue, red spot in front of and above eyes ; V-shaped patch on throat red ; bill dirty green, tip red ; legs and toes dirty green, red at joint of leg. Several seen flying round our camp.]
72. EphippiorhyTiclius seuegalensis. African Jabiru. Micteria seneyalensis Shaw, Tr. Linn. Soc. vol. v. 1798,
p. 35, pi. 3 : Senegal.
a. ? ad. Naam River, Lakwa, 3150 ft. Feb. 16. Total length in flesh: 51^ inches. Wing : 628 mm. Weight : 11 lbs.
In good plumage; wings and tail somewhat worn. [Irides yellow, eyelids red and yellow; bill red with
r2
68 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collectioji of
black band in centre, yellow patch on crown (forehead): wattles yellow; legs black, joints red, feet red and black; bare skin on breast red, edged with yellow and blue. Stomach contained insects. Several seen for the first time on the Naam River, where they were conspicuous objects, wading with Herons, Ibises, Jacauas, etc.]
73. Leptoptilus crumeniferus. African Marabou. CAconia crumenifei-a Less. Traite, 1831, p. 585 : Senegal. a. S ad. E. of Mt. Leganisho, 6600 ft. Oct. 31. Total length in flesh : 52^ inches. Wing : 685 mm. Weight : 16 lbs.
Vei*y worn and in moult.
[Irides brown ; skin round eyes red. mottled with black ; bill pale horn, black at base ; legs and toes white ? Common everywhere.]
74. Scopus umtretta bannermani. Greater Hammer- head.
Scopus umhretta bannermani Claude Grant, Bull. B. O. C. vol. XXXV. 1914, p. 27 : Mt. Leganisho, Brit. East Africa.
Considerably larger than S. umbretta umbretta ; often somewhat more asby below. Wing 300-330 mm.
Type, ? ad. Mt. Leganisho, B.E. Africa. Collected on Oct. 31, 1912, by Willoughby P. Lowe. Wing 328 mm. ; culmen 77 mm. ; tarsus 65 mm.
Named in honour of Mr. D. A. Bannerman.
a. ? ad. Mt. Leganisho, 6600 ft. Oct. 31.
b. S ad. Narossura River, 5000 ft. Nov. 15.
Total length in flesh : ^ 20^ inches ; ? 20| inches. Wing: S 311mm.; ? 328mm.
The October bird is in fresh new dress, and the November one is ratber worn and is moulting.
[Irides brown ; bill black; legs and toes black. Stomach contained fish, frogs, dragonflies, and a newt. Common, wherever water is found.]
It was first pointed out by Major Kelsall and Mr. D. A. Bannerman (Ibisy 1914, p. 225) that the true Scopus
Birds f mm British East Africa and Uganda. 09
umhretta Gmelin (Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 618 : Africa^ Senegal, cf. Buffon, PI. Enl. n. 796) is quite a small bird, having the wing 248-256 inra., as compared with 300- 330 ram. of other specimens from the rest of Africa. There- fore the larger bird must in future bear the name of Scopus umbretta bannermani.
Cepphas Scopus Wagl. (Syst. Av. 1827, p. 143) is a sub- stitute name for Scopus umbretta.
Ardea fusca Licht. (Porst. Descr. Anim. 1844, p. 47 : Cape of Good Hope) is preoccupied by Ardea jusca Lath. (Ind. Orn. ii. 1790, p. 700: Cayenne).
Range. Scopus umbretta bannermani : All Africa, in- cluding western Arabia and Madagascar, excepting Senegal to Nigeria. Single birds from Angola and Madagascar have rather shorter bills, but otherwise agree.
Scopus umbretta uitibretta.—Senegol to Nigeria.
75. Phoyx purpurea. Purple Heron.
Ardea purpurea Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 236 : France.
a. ? juv. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 5.
Total length in flesh : 33^ inches. Wing : 330 mm.
In fresh first plumage; feathers appearing on mantle are first-plumage ones.
[Irides yellow, round eye greenish yellow ; bill striped black, orange, and yellow; legs — lower half and feet dark brown, upper half greenish yellow.]
76. Ardea melanocephala. Black-necked Heron.
Ardea melanocephala Vig. & Childr., in Denh. & Clapp. Trav. ii. App. 1826, p. 201 : between Lake Chad and the coast of Tripoli ; probably near or at Lake Chad.
a, b. ^ ad., (J imm. Assua River, 10 miles E. of Nimule, 2100 ft. Feb. 25.
Total length in flesh : ad. 35^ inches ; imm. 37 inches. Wing : ad. 392 mm. ; imm. 382 mm.
The adult is in good clean dress ; the immature bird is apparently in first dress.
70 Mv. C. II. B. Grant on a Collection of
[Adult. — Irides yellow, bare skin round eyes greyish yellow; bill: upper mandible black, lower flesh-colour, tip yellow ; legs and toes dark brown.
Immature similar, except lower mandible pinkish horn.
Stomach contained lizards, mice, and locusts. Several een on the dry ground, away from tbe river.]
77. Ardea cinerea cinerea. Common Heron.
Ardea cinerea Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, p. 143: Sweden.
a, b. ? ad., ? imm. Turkwel River, 1950 & 2000 ft. Jan. 12 & 1.3.
Total length in flesh : 3G inches. Wing : ad. 433 mm. ; imm. 411 mm.
The adult is in good dress and is starting to assume by moult the plumes of tbe breast and back. The immature bird is in first dress and is rather worn.
[Adult. — Irides yellow; bill black, tip of upper mandible yellow, lower dirty yellow ; yellow spot in front of eye ; skin around eye greenish ; legs and toes brown, top of legs greenish.
Immature. — Irides yellow; bill black, tip and base of lower mandible yellowish ; yellow spot in front of eye ; skin around eye greenish ; legs and toes blackish green. The aduli was shot sitting in a thorn tree.]
78. Mesophoyx intermedius brachyrhynchus. Short-billed White Heron.
Herodias brachyrhynchus Brehm, J. f. O. 1858, p. 471 : Blue Nile, between 12° and 13° N. latitude.
a. ? ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 27^ inches. Wing : 316 mm.
In quite good new dress, and having both dorsal and breast plumes.
The character of the yellow upper half of the leg holds quite good in all specimens that I have examined.
One female from Elea, Baro River, Sudan, in the National collection, obtained by Zaphiro for Mr. McMillan, appears
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 71
ill the dry skin to have an altogether black leg, but if carefully examined a difference can be noted and doubtless the upper half of the leg was yellow ; though unfortunately no soft parts are recorded on the label, except those of the eye.
[Irides yellow, skin around eye greenish yellow ; bill yellow ; legs and toes black, upper half of leg yellow. Common on Lake Naivasha.]
79. Egretta garzetta garzetta. Little Egret.
Ardea garzetta Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 237 : " in Oriente."
a. ? ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 25 inches. ^Ying : 265 mm.
Rather worn and moulting. Back and breast plumes poor ; no nape plumes.
[Skin round eyes greenish yellow ; bill black, base of lower mandible whitish brown; legs black, feet greenish yellow.]
80. Butorides atricapilla. African Black-headed Heron. Ardea atricapilla Afzelius, Kongl. Vet.-Akad. nya Handl.
Stockh. XXV. 1804, p. 264 : Sierra Leone.
a. ^ imm. Narossura River, 4950 feet. Nov. 12.
Total length in flesh : 18|^ inches. Wing : 172 mm.
In fresh first plumage.
[Irides yellow, above and below eye greenish yellow ; bill black, lower half of lower mandible green ; legs and toes green in front, yellow behind. Stomach contained frogs. Only two seen.]
81. Bubulcus ibis. Bufi"-backed Egret.
Ardea ibis Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, p. 144: Egypt.
a. ? ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length in flesh : 19^ inches. Wing : 240 mm.
In winter dress and still moulting. Somewhat worn.
[Irides yellow, round eye whitish yellow ; legs and toes dark brown.]
72 Mr. C. H. B. Grant on a Collection of
82. Phceniconaias minor. Smaller Flamiugo. Phcenicopterus minor GeofFr. Bull. Sc. Soc. Philom. 1798,
p. 98 : Senegal [cf. Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxv. 1817, p. 520) .
a, b. ? ad., (^ jnv. Lake Hannington, 3700 ft. Dec. 25.
Total length in flesh: ad. 32^ inches ; juv. 29 inches. Wing : ad. 330 ram. ; juv. 304 mm.
The adult is very worn and faded, and is apparentlj'^ in summer dress. The young bird is moulting into a more afUilt dress.
[Adult. Irides reddish yellow ; bill red, tip black ; legs and toes red-
Juv. Irides brown ; bill dirty brown, bare ^kin of face black; legs and toes grey.
Abundant ; no signs of P. roseus.]
83. Sarkidiornis melanotus africanus. African Knob-billed Duck.
Sarkidiornis africanus Eyton, Men. Anat. 1838, p. 103 : Gamba River, i. e. Gambia River, West Africa.
a. c? ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 6.
Total length in flesh : 25^ inches. Wing : 316 mm.
In quite good dress, rather faded above in parts.
I can appreciate this race, which is always smaller than specimens of Sarkidiornis melanotus melanotus (Anser melanotus Penn. lud. Zool. 1769, p. 12, pi. xi. : Ceylon).
It is worthy of note that Pennant's original description gives the " back and wings black, but the ends of the primary feathers of a fine variable green,'' which does not appear to be an absolutely correct description.
The copy of the first edition of Pennant^s work, examined by me at the Linnean Society, is not dated, and I have quoted the date 1769 from Sherborn, Ind. Anim. 1902, p. xliii.
[Irides brown ; bill dark brown, tip of lower mandible white; legs and toes grey. Only one seen.]
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 73
84. Alopochen aBgyptiacus. Egyptian Goose.
Anas a'gyptiaca Linu. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. i. 1766, p. 197 : Egypt.
a ? ad. S. Guaso Nyiro, 6500 ft. Nov. 28.
Total length iu flesh : 27 inches. Wing : 378 mm. Weight : 4^ Ihs.
In good dress, very little worn.
[Irides yellow; bill pink and black; legs and toes pink.]
85. Anas undulata. Yellow-billed Duck.
Anas undulata Dubois, Orn. Gall. i. 1839, p. 119, pi. 77: Cape of Good Hope.
a. S ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total length iu flesh : 22 inches. Wing: 251 mm.
In good dress and very little worn.
There are no specimens in the National collection from the type-locality, and. though I myself have shot many of these ducks near Cape Town, unfortunately I did not preserve them. Collectors should, where common birds are concerned, be informed of the type-localities so that one or two specimens could be collected,
[Irides brown ; bill : upper mandible yellow, tip and around nostrils black ; lower mandible, tip and basal three- fourths black, remainder yellow ; legs and toes dark brown. Very common.]
86. Nettion punctatum. Hottentot Teal.
Anas punctata Burch. Trav. i. 1822, p. 233 : Zak River, Cape Colony.
a, b. c? ? imm. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 3.
Total length in flesh : 13^ & 13^ inches. Wing : 146 and 155 ram. Weight : c? 2 1^>-
Neither is adult, and the male is moulting on the neck.
[Irides brown; bill blue, ridge of culmen black; legs and toes blue. Does not appear to be common ; these speci- mens were obtained from a small flock of five.]
74.' Mr. C. II. B. Grant on a Collection of
87. Dafila acuta. Common Pintail.
Anas acuta Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th cd. 1758, p. 126: Sweden.
a. ? ad. Man, 9100 ft. Dec. 2.
Total length in Hesh : 20^ inches. Wing : 253 mm.
In bright, but worn dress ; below, the whole of the underparts are rusty through weathering; not moulting.
[Irides brown ; bill black, greyish on sides and at base ; legs and toes greenish grey. This was the only duck seen on the Man Escarpment.]
88. Pcecilonetta erythrorhyncha. Red -billed Teal.
Anas enjtkrorhyncha Gm. Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 517 : Cape of Good Hope.
a. S ad. S. Guaso Nyiro, 6500 ft. Nov. 29. ■
Total length in flesh : 17^ inches. Wing : 224 mm. Weight : 1 lb.
In clean new dress and still moulting.
I can find no specimen in the National collection from the type-locality.
[Irides brown ; bill pink, stripe between nostrils black, lower mandible black, pink at tip; legs and toes plumbeous. Shot from a flock of about fifty.]
89. Spatula clypeata. (>oriimon Shoveler.
Anas clypeata Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, p. 124 : Sweden.
a. c? ad. Lake Hannington, 3700 ft. Dec. 25.
Total length in flesh : 19;^ inches. Wing : 232 mm.
This specimen is badly worn, faded and almost bleached to a creamy colour, so that it is very difficult to see in what state of dress it really is; but it appears to be in eclipse and is starting to moult.
[Irides yellow ; bill black ; legs and toes orange. Shot from a flock of about 25 ; the only one in this peculiar plumage.]
Birds from British East Africa and Uganda. 75
90. Phalacrocorax lucidus. \A'liite-breasto(l (.'orraoraut. Halieus lucidus Liclil. Verz. Doubl. 18.23, p. 86 : Cape ol"
Good Hope.
a. ? inim. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 4.
Total lenj;th in flesh : 31 inches. ^^ inj; : 315 mm.
Apparently not qnite fully adult. Moulting.
[Irides green; pouch dirty yellow; bill greyish horn; legs and toes black. Several seen, the one shot was nesting and had a well developed K'.'^r,^^ inside.]
91. Microcarbo africaniis. Long-tailed ('ormorant. Pelecanus ufricanvs (tih. Svst Nat. i. pt. 2, 1789, p. 577:
Africa ; 1 designate White Nile District.
a. ^ imm. Lake Naivasha. Dec. 5.
b. ? iram. 15 miles S. of Kariiigo. Dec. 26.
Total length in flesh: cT 22.V inches; ? 21 inches. Wing: c^212nim. ; ? 197 mm. Weight: c? H lb.
The male is apparently changing from the first to the second plumage. The female is apparently changing into the last stage before the full adult is readied, as both black and ashy feathers are coming in on the breast.
[cJ. Irides brown ; bill brown, banded with yellow, base of lower mandible and pouch yellowish flesh, bare skin iu front of eye pale yellow ; legs and toes black.
? . Irides red ; bill : upper mandible black, lower yellow and barred with brown ; legs and toes black.
Very common on Lake Naivasha.]
92. Pelecanus onocrotalus. Mitred Pelican.
Pelecanus onocrotalus Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, p. 132 : Africa; I designate White Nile District.
a. S ad. Lake Naivasha, 6700 ft. Dec. 3.
b. cJ?juv. Lake Hannington. Dec. 25.
Total length in flesh : ad. 73 inches ; juv. 52i inches. Wing : ad. 681 mm. ; juv. 592 mm. Culmen : ad. 430 mm. ; juv. 233 mm. Weight : ad. 18 lbs.
In the adult the tail is in full moult and the number of
76 Mr. G. M. INlatliews on a recent
feathers cannot be connted ; it is in very worn plumage and moulting, and has no swelling on the forehead. It appears to be a very old bird.
In the young example the tail is composed of 22 feathers, and is in entirely brown plumage and not much worn. Evidently in first dress.
\^Ad. Irides red-brown ; bill blue, pinkish flesh, red in stripes; legs and toes orange; round eye flesh ; pouch yelloAV.
Jnv. Irides yellow, pouch dirty yellow ; bill greyish horn; legs and toes dirty yellow.
Two seen at Lake Naivasha; tolerably common and asso- ciating Avith Flamingoes at Lake Hannington.] [To be continued.]
II. — A recent Ornithological Discovery in Australia. By Gregory M. Mathews, F.R.S.E., M.B.O.U. In the Introduction to my 'List of the Birds of Australia,' 1913, pp. xviii-xxiv, I made a few comments on zoo-geo- graphical study, and on pp. xxv-xxvi added to the Australian avifauna three species, representing three genera not hitherto represented in the fauna, viz., Globicera pucijica, Geofroyus yeoffroyi, and Eclectus pectoralis. That two of these were residents newly brought to light was made clear by the fact that they were new subspecific forms, and not subspecies previously named from elsewhere and here simply recorded. For the first-named an old name was revived, but the fact remains the same.
Many ornithologists of repute have handled collections of birds from the islands north of the Australian continent, but they have rarely compared them with Australian birds, and appear to have been unacquainted with the local conditions and with the vast extent of Australia, ornithologically con- sidered. Showing a disregard of the literature, they have probably caused considerable confusion and have retarded the advancement of knowledge. This is written without prejudice, but simply from an examination of the facts
Ornithological Discovery in Australia. 77
displaye.l by a criticism of the results obtained. Tliere would be no hesitation in admitting the accuracy of this statement were I to indicate the errors committed ; but this I do not now intend to do, and I would suggest that if a little more time were expended, coincident with more thought, many mistakes would be prevented, and useless word-battles obviated.
There is scope for much good work, and it seems unscien- tific to employ one^s time in indicating errors of commission and omission on the part of the critic. When criticism is made the critic should deal with facts, not theories or fancies, for the latter belong to the province of the individual, and do not appear in nature.
I write this introduction because I here propose to indicate some facts of an extraordinary nature so far as the ornithology of Australia is concerned, and desire to show the delightful study that can be opened up by a little thought being displayed in connection with a few facts, and to add some novel ideas of my own suggested by these. The facts are incontrovertible, the ideas argumentative, and in considering them, much of the ancient history of the land has to be taken into con- sideration.
First I have to deal with the geography of Australia. Being my own land and especial study, I constantly find that to a European ornithologist it is a terra incognita, and that such a one would place a locality a thousand miles distant from its correct position, and also that anotiier would think that a bird of less power of flight than a Wren could traverse two thousand miles across country in a night.
These are concrete examples, but I must defer from naming the authorities who make such statements. Of natural barriers, as opposed to geographical boundaries, I anticipate complete ignorance, and do not concern myself with errors in that direction.
This paper will only deal with a phase of the Queensland avifauna; but here again the extent and nature of Queens- land is not understood by European workers, and it may be as well to give a few figures.
78 Mr. G. M. Mathews on a recent
Cape York, the extreme north point of Queenslaad, lies in latitude 10° 50' South, while Brisbane, the capital, situated in the extreme south of Queensland, is in latitude 27° 50' South ; this is a distance of about 1400 miles. This uiiglit be regarded as inconsiderable by the general ornithologist, were it not that mountain ranges intervene, and these cause diverse climatic conditions and varied rainfall. Again, patches of forest country are mingled with tracts of desert, while along the coast there are great areas covered with mangrove swamps, so that it is very necessary to understand local con- ditions so as to interpret correctly the distribution of bird-life.
Cape York, being at the extreme limit of Australia, has attracted considerable attention from ornithologists, as forms resembling New Guinea species arc there largely represented. IS'ew Guinea has been the Aladdin's lamp of ornithologists for the last hundred years, the Birds of Paradise furnishing a magician's call.
Australian birds found at Cape York show relationships to these wonders, and hold out a lure to local investigators as well as to those from other parts of the world.
The earliest Australian land-bird that I at present trace to have been described is the Giant Kingfisher, a truly typical l)ird ; this was figured and described by Sonnerat from '' New Guinea." It does not occur in New Guinea, and the only conclusion seems to be that a captive bird had been trans- ported from Australia by the blacks, a somewhat inadequate suggestion. I note this, as this bird, after a century and a half's search, has been found to live at Cape York, as will presently be mentioned.
Though it is probable that no collections were brought from Ca[)e York by Captain Cook's party, we know that a Bustard was killed in south Queensland, and there is good reason to believe that they brought back from w^hat is now called Cooktown a Parrot which was described by Latham as the Blue-cheeked Parrot. Latham's description, which was regarded as inexact by Salvador!, 1 found to agree exactly Avith specimens procured at CooktowU; and as it does not range otherwise than from Cape York to New South Wales,
Ornithological Discovery in Australia. 79
and tlie specimens differ so noticeably that Salvadori recog- nised the inapplical)ility of Latham's name to either the Cape York or New South Wales form, my suggestion seems reasonable.
Another bird which was described from New Holland at
a very early date was the Great Black Cockatoo known as
the Palm-Cockatoo. This, however, was named in literature
prior to Captain Cook's time simply from "eastern seas/' and
Nova Hollandia was gratuitously added by Gmelin, who did
not read carefully what Latham wrote. Latham added after
his description, " This was taken from a drawing done by
order of Governor Loten at Ceylon," and he then described
a different form recorded by Parkinson as met with on
the coast of New Holland. This latter was, of course,
the Black Cockatoo known as Banksian Cockatoo. As a
matter of fact the Palm-Cockatoo does inhabit Australia,
having been discovered at Cape York by Macgillivray about
sixty years after Gmelin's description was published. I
designated as type-locality of Gmelin's species Salwatty, as
that place was in touch with Europe at a very early date,
and the bird is, or was, common there. My action has been
questioned by one of the European ornithologists, who, only
liaving knowledge of the fact that the bird occurred at Cape
York, was desirous of rectifying my supposed error without
investigating the history of the bird. This note may prevent
the publication of more erroneous statements in connection
with this bird, as such will certainly be made unless more
care than usual is taken.
Gould did not visit Cape York, arid the first naturalist who seems to have thoroughly investigated the avifauna of that district appears to have been John Macgillivray, when on board the ' Rattlesnake,' commanded by Capt. Owen Stanley, in 1846-50.
Jukes, on board the ' Fly,' while surveying Torres Straits, as well as his Commander, Ince, furnished more material to Gould, who obtained most of ]Macgillivray's specimens and notes. These provided the greater portion of Gould's 'Supplement.'
80 ]\Ir. G. M. Mathews on a recent
A prior investigator of north Queensland, wliose collec- tions were allowed to be submerged in the National Collec- tion without study, was Matthew Flinders.
Since Macgillivray's time many collectors have touched at Cape York, each adding a bird or two to the avifauna, without any very startling results. Such are : Ramsay or his collector Broadbent, d'Albertis, Meek, Rogers, McLennan, Macgillivray, Masters, Barnard, Jardine, White, Kemp, and finally Cockerell and Thorpe. The last-named may be here first noted. These collectors, who must stand in the forefront of careful and accurate workers as regards the acquisition and preparation of bird-skins, thought that by the falsification of localities they might obtain better prices for their goods ; they therefore made an expedition to some islands to the north of Australia, probabh'^ tlic Aru group, where they made a magnificent collection, and then palmed these off mixed with true Cape York birds as having been all procured at Cape York. This collection, ])urchased by Messrs. Godman and Salvin, and later presented to the British Museum, has been a source of endless trouble, and the only scientific course would have been to have rejected it entirely.
The other collectors named have added species after species to the Cape Y^ork fauna, so that it may reasonably be said to be well known. The latest collectors have each found little to add, jNlcLcnnan's chief finds being a small subspecies of Dacelo gigas and a form of the New Guinea Cracticus menialis. This latter Kemp again collected, while his most interesting discovery was the small Robin 1 have named Kempiella keuqn.
The consideration of all these collections shows them to liave a strong New Guinea element and to have no really remarkable forms; all the New Guinea species generally occur on the shores opposite, and the Cape York forms are slightly differentiated as subspecies only.
This is what one would anticipate when it is remembered that " a slight elevation of less than ten fathoms would now serve to connect the shores" of New Guinea and Cape York (Hedley, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1899, p. 396j.
Ornithological Discover]/ in Australia. 81
Hedley, speaking from practical experience, in the same place states " In tlie heart of a great QueenssL^nd scrub a naturalist could hardly say from his surroundings whether he were in New Guinea or Australia."
The majority of the Cape York birds occur at Cooktown, 400 miles south, and many still live at Cairns, 100 miles farther south. This remark refers to the New Guinea forms occurring at Cape York. Just south of Cairns there is a range of mountains called the Bellcuden Ker, and this range has provided the startling novelties missing from the Cape York district, Thus Prionodura newtoniana and Scenopoeetes dentirostris are extraordinary members of the Bower- Bird family, being unique generic types elsewhere unknown. Oreoscopus gutturalis, another unique generic type, is pro- bably related to Sericornis. Though pi'obably having affinity with New Guinea forms, these are distinctly differentiated and do not occur at Cape York. Of course, in the Bellenden Ker district there also occur many well-marked subspecific forms, showing that it should be considered a distinct and characteristic faunal region.
The preceding review is necessary to disclose the new discovery that has been made, due to the enthusiasm of Dr. W. Macgillivray and his collector, J. McLennan.
The latter, when at Cape York collecting for Dr. Macgil- livray, heard from the residents tliere of strange birds living farther south. He informed Dr. Macgillivray, and asked permission to be allowed to explore this locality, which had never been searched by previous collectors. Dr. Macgillivray willingly assented, and I agreed to share the expenses, though I must admit I did not anticipate any very novel results.
McLennan at once, however, sent two big Parrots, quite new to the Australian fauna, to Dr. Macgillivray, who sent one to me and named the other. These arrived just before I left England for Australia, and wxre included in the Introduction to my ' List of the Birds of Australia,' pp. XXV and xxvi, as Geoffroyus geojfroyi maclennani and Eclectus pectnralis macgitlivrayi, both from the Pascoe River.
SKR, X. VOL. III. G
82 Mr. G. M. Mathews on a recent
This river is only about a hundred and fifty miles south of Cape York, yet neither of these two birds lives there. They are both conspicuous birds and appear to be common in the locality, and the following note by Dr. Macgillivray (' Emu/ xiii. 1914, p. 196), who personally visited the place, is worthy of reproduction : —
" It is usually dry, and the whole place shows the effects of it, even the scrubs. Birds build their nests only to pull them to pieces again or to desert them. We have taken several nests of Eclectus, but cannot find that of Pseudo- psittacus { = Geoffroyus). I have a Honey-eater, which is, I think, entirely new. It is small and lives in the midst of the scrubs.
" The other day, for a moment or two, I saw a bird like a Regent Bird, but it dived into the scrub and was gone.
" It will take a generation of field-naturalists to find out all the wealth of this district. There is another Parrot near here, but we have not come across it yet — a black one.
" Pseudopsittacus {=GeoJJ'roi/us) and Eclectus are calling now — one from the opposite side of the creek, where there is a nesting-tree, the other from a food-tree just below our camp. . . . Existence here is very pleasant, and it is glorious to walk in the morning and hear the multitudinous voices of the birds. The chorus was a babel at first, but the species are sorting themselves, and now our ears are becoming educated to their calls/'
When I arrived in Australia I examined the collection, with Dr. Macgillivray, and I have named the Honey-eater Macyillivrayornis clcmdi, and I also named a new Owl Tt/to galei. I named a new subspecies of Finch, which added a genus and species to the Australian list, viz. Erythrura trichroa.
As a result the first collection made about the Pascoe and Claudie Rivers, contained five extraordinary birds, of which three were representatives of extralimital genera, one a new genus altogether, and the last quite a new species. The fact that these birds were comparatively common and also conspicuous entitles this discovery to rank as the most important one of recent times in connection with Australian
Ornithological Discovery in Australia. 83
ornithology. It is also quite unexpected, as Cape York had been so well worked, while Cooktown, Cairns, and the Bellen- den Ker Range had been well attended to. Yet this region about the Claudie and Pascoe Rivers harbours a peculiar avifauna, only second in interest to that of the Bellendcn Ker Range. Dr. Macgillivray, from personal investigation, prophesies that it will take a generation of field-naturalists to exhaust its treasures. No prophecy could now indicate the nature of the finds to be made, as no worker conversant with the New Guinea and Cape York avifauna could have guessed the wonders of the Claudie River region.
Ecological study of avifaunas will certauily prove the most fascinating pursuit of the " new ornithologists,'* as the mere collection of birds' eggs gives little satisfaction, and the field-naturalist is generally no wanton killer of bird-life. The study of such a fauna as is here suggested in con- nection with its environment would claim Dr. Macgillivray's adjective as a glorious one. The mere record of the bird- life, in conjunction with a study of the land, the forest, and the seasons, would force a perusal by the most casual bird- lover, and would conduce to suggestions from more serious students.
Thus Hedley has told us that the dense bush of Queens- land is very similar to that of New Guinea. Here it harbours quite a similar avifauna, whereas at Cape York, nearer to New Guinea, a less remarkable though still a New Guinea- like bird congregation exists. In the Bellenden Ker Range the peculiar Bower Birds strike a new note, but here the New Guinea effect is also produced.
It must be obvious that there must be some reason for these different faunas, and I suggest that the solution may be found in the high laud of the two more southern habitats. That is to say, as above quoted, a slight elevation would connect the shores of Torres Straits. A' further depression would have flooded Cape York, but have left the high land around the Claudie River and the Bellenden Ker Range isolated as islands.
The faunas there existent would be preserved, while that of intervening lowlands would have been exterminated. The elevation to the present level would probably be heralded by
g2
84 Mr. G. M. Mathews on a recent
a higher one, which, connecting the shores, admitted of a new immigration before it sank to the level now existent. This shifting up and down has been recognised by nearly all students of the Queensland fauna, and geological evidence confirms such conclusions. Such a theory would account for the presence of these island-faunas stranded in north Queensland, for according to observers the scrub about Cape York does not differ from that of Bellenden Ker, nor does Dr. Macgillivray note anything remarkable save new plants, which of course would be expected. The climatic conditions do not seem to be otherwise than normal in the two places.
It should be remarked that the genus Casuarius, mainly restricted to New Guinea and the islands tliereabouts, has one representative in Australia. That is not found at Cape "York, but occurs in the Bellenden Ker district, though in the lowlands there. This would seem to confirm my sug- gestion. Probably a detailed criticism of the avifaunas of the Cape York District, the Claudie River District (when it is available), and the Bellenden Ker District, in comparison with those from various parts of New Guinea, would lead us to some conclusive results. There can be no doubt that, ornithologically considered. New Guinea embraces at least three distinct avifaunas, though the majority of New Guinea collections have been reported upon by ornithologists, careless to the last degree of the lessons to be learnt by a study of birds. As a writer on another branch of zoology once com- mented : — " The excellence of a British ornithologist seems to be governed by the number of pages he tills, irrespective of the matter therein contained."
The majority of papers have been mere lists, repetitions of well-known names, without any conclusions drawn from them. Without such conclusions the preparation of such lists appears to be a waste of time, for surely no one should be better able to indicate the lessons than the worker who has studied the collection and handled the birds. The *^new ornithology" will deal with bird collections in a different way, and ah'cady there are signs, showing the improvement in the treatment of bird-study.
Ornithological Discovery in Australia. 85
I would here summarize the new discovery above treated of, so that the worker who is too busy to wade tlirongh the preceding can grasp the gist of this communication witli the least possible trouble.
Cape York is the extreme north-east point of Australia, and is separated from New Guinea by shallow water. The avifauna of Cape York is well known, over a dozen collectors having worked there. The bird-life shows strong affinity with that of New Guinea, many typical New Guinea forms being found, usually separable only as subspecies. No peculiar genera exist.
The Bellenden Ker district has also been well worked, and the affinities of this district are with New Guinea, though it is five hundred and fifty miles away. Three peculiar well- marked genera have been recorded, marking a characteristic fauna, while the presence of Casuarius is noteworthy.
The first collection made at the Pascoeand Claudie Rivers only some hundred and fifty miles south of Cape York, has revealed an avifauna with a marked New Guinea relationship, and already showing a peculiar genus. The birds so collected are remarkable for their size and conspicuous nature, two being Parrots, one of them very large. The discoverer Ijclieves that other new and large birds are still to be found. None of the novelties occurs in any other portion of Australia, and all are quite absent from Cape York.
I would account for this peculiar isolated avifauna by the suggestion of former depression