HER ONGINNEp
AIWAGGELYO D/ET GODSPELL
JJAIRH ^FTER
LUKAN ANASTODEIP. LUCAS GERECEDNESSE.
Chap. I. i Unte railitis managai duguunun melyan insalit, bi J)OS ga- fullaweisidons in uns waibtius,
2 Swaswc anafulbun unsis, J^aiei fratn fi-umistin silbasiunyos, yab andbabtos wesun Jjis waurdis,
3 Galeikaida yab mis yah Abmui Weibamma, fram anastodeinai allaim glaggwuba afai-laistyandin, gababyo J)U3 melyan, batista paiaufeilu,
4 Ei gakuunais, J)ize bi J^oei galaisijjs is waurde astajj.
5 Was, in dagam Herodcs, })iudanis ludaias, gudya, namiu Zakarias, us afar Abiyins, yah qeins is us daubtrum Abarons, yah namo izos Aileisabai]?.
6 Wesunub Jjan gai-aibta ba in and- wairjjya GuJ'S, gaggandona in aUaim anabusnim yah garaibteim Frauyius, unwaba.
7 Yah ni was im bame, unte was Aileisabaij) stairo, yah ba framaldra dage seinaize wesun.
8 War)) )>an, mi)?l)anei gudyinoda is, in wikon kunyis seinis in andwairj)ya Gu]js,
9 Bi biuhtya gudyinassaus, bbiuts im- ma urrann du salyan, atgaggands in alb Frauyins.
10 Yab alia hiuhma was managcins beidandans uta, wheilai [^wmiamins.
CnAP. I.''' I Fordam de wTtodlice
manega )?ohton dpera Jnnga race ge- endebyrdan, de on us gefyllede synd,
2 Swa us betsehton, da de bit of frymjje gcsawon, and dasre spreece Jjenas wser- on,
3 Me ge])ubte .... geornlice eallum od endebyrdnesse, Avrltau de, dii se sel- csta Tbeophilus,
4 D?et du oncnawe dtera worda soj)- fajstuesse, of dam de du gelsered cart.
5 On Herodes dagum, ludea cyningcs, wpes sum sacerd, on naman Zacbarias, of Abian tune, and his wif waes of A'aroncs dobtrum, and byre nama waes Elizabeth.
6 S6]>lice big wseron butu rihtwise bcforan Godc, gangende on eallum his bebodum and ribtwisnessum, butan wrobte.
7 And big najfdon nan beam, fordam de Elizabeth waes unberende, and big on heora dagimi butu for})-eodon.
8 S6)jHce wses gewoi-den, da Zacliarias his sacerdbades breac, on his gewrixlcs endebyrdnesse beforan Gode,
9 iEfter gcwunan dajs sacerdbades hlotcs, he code dfct he his offrunge sctte, da he on Godes tempcl code.
10 Eall wcrod daes folces waes ute, gebiddendc on daere offrunge timan.
HERE BTGTNNETH
THE GOSPEL
THE GOSPELL
OF
LUKE.
OFF
S. L U K E,
0).
tk', jof
WIS
we 1)13 itan
[am
rias sles
ides
ute,
Chap. I. i Forsothe for manye men enforceden to ordeyne the tellyng of thiugis, whiche ben fillid in vs,
2 As thei that seyn atte the bigyn- nyng, and weren ministris of the word bitaken,
3 It is seen also to me, hauynge alle thingis diligentli bi ordre, to wi-ite to thee, thou best Theofile,
4 That thou knowe the treuthe of tho wordis, of whiche thou art lerued.
5 Ther was sum prest, Zacharie by name, in the dayes of Eroude, kyng of Judee, of the sort of Abia, and his Avyf of the dou3tris of Aaron, and hir name Elizabeth.
6 Sothli thei bothe weren iuste bifore God, goynge in alle the maundementis and iustif;yingis of the Lord, with outen pleynte.
7 And a sone was not to hem, for that Elizabeth was bareyne, and bothe hadden gon forth fer in her dayes.
8 Sothli it was don, whanne Sacharie was set in presthod, in the ordi'e of his sort bifore God,
9 Vp the custom of presthod, by sort lie wente forth, that he entrid in to the temple of the Lord, schulde putte en- sence.
10 And alle the multitude of the peple was withouteforth, preiynge in the our of encence.
Chap. 1. i For as moche as many have taken in bond to corapyle a treates off thoo thynges, which are surely know- en amonge vs,
2 Even as they declared them vnto vs, which from the begynynge sawe them with their eyes, and were minsters at the doyng,
3 I determined also, as sone as I had searched out diligently all thinges from the begynynge, that then I wolde wryte vnto the, goode Theophilus,
4 That thou myghtest knowe the cer- tente off thoo thinges, whereof thou arte informed.
5 In the tyme of Herode, kynge of lewiy, there was a certayne prest, named Zacarias, off the course of Abie, and his wyfe was of the doughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.
6 Booth were perfect before God, and walked in all the lawes and oixlinacions of the Lorde, that no man coulde fynde fawte with them.
7 And they had no childe, be cause that Elisabeth was ban-en, and booth were wele stricken in age.
8 Hit cam to passe, as he executed the prestes office, before God as his course cam,
9 Accoixlinge to the custome of the prestes office, his lott was to bren odoures, and went into the temple of the Lorde.
10 And all the multitude of people were with out, in their prayers whill the odoures were abrennynge.
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THE
GOTHIC AND ANGLO-SAXON GOSPELS
WITH
THE VERSIONS
OF
WYCLIFFE AND TYNDALE.
GOThiC coDF.x argen:teus A
nungr cue aLv'i* u^ o-p^teLe rojjiice^piro'olice' r^ic- ^e jon^x^yM) mannii Wrut r vnno/ Von trou rV.pp
Gyjcge^ YOX) hce- turpoyig^'iccw Tnannii-ne- ro-pejtpe-
^cii nc
ANGI.O SAXOU C
9? 9^?^J^ 8F^^ Tnatinix htsojui fyuna- j^otitir tzojt ^^ • ^"P gp j<^^ H^^ Tlt^po|^ giptt^ mantiTX' tie copm
^Ip^cc fPiiTcxt foi^ic t» tiieit Bci*^ t><}ty :;vp^e<i (l^viren- foijciui not" to
cion.butl)clvt)teoafftomvvi;Il ilnu-n.^oiat) yflFycfballfojgcwcotljernictitbcrctnrafpnlla/ vourcfatbcr i0ct)c (V)al alfofojaet>c)>ou.buta& pcm^ll iictfojgcBC men tbcrcrrrfpafes nomcx- rcfballyoutEfatljcrfcvigcocvouretrcafpafoB, -JtTc>»owctDl)en5>cfafle betiotro6aa dicy'/ pocrjnfaTC.^ottbcybiffigurctbctvfacra tbat hitmyj|)t(iperevmomctttl)atthcvfaftc.Vcrc' lyTraytJntofou/tbcybavctljfrcrctDartc.Kut ttjou / wt)ctt!ou fa(le(l/ anoytitetljjmtljeeb/ab
\l - - — j— V
^>r . \c^ ( ^
Vi .ft,
■:^;bkz., M.T .eioscie.\s.Ta(uAL
GOTHIC AND ANGLO-SAXON GOSPELS
PARALLEL COLUMNS THE VERSIONS
WYCLIFFE AND TYNDALE:
AREANCED, IVITO PUEFACE AND SOTES, BY
THE REV. JOSEPH BOSWORTH, D.D.F.R.S.PS.A.
PBOFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON, OXFORD ;
ASSISTED BT
GEORGE WARING, ESQ., M.A.
SECOND EDITION.
JOHN UUSSELL SMITH, ,SOHO SQUARE.
MDrCCLXXIV.
• ^: '^'^'^-
mmf-^fmUf^^^^^
'umllmmmtmnm ' " M'H »*; - "" ^i^SSais'-^
\ I d-
TilK
GOTHIC AND ANGLO-SAXON GOSPELS
IN
PARALLEL COLUMNS
WITH
THE VERSIONS
OF V
WYCLIFFE AND TYNDALE;
ARRANGED, WITH PREFACE AND NOTES, BY
THE REV. JOSEPH BOSWORTH, D.D. F.R.S.F.S.A.
PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON, OXFORD ;
COEEESPONDING MEJIBEE OF THE EOTAl INSTITUTE OF THE NETHERLANDS:
nONOEAET F.E.S. OF SCIENCES, NOEWAT : F.S.A. COPENHAGEN:
F. OF LIT. S. LETI>EN, UTEECHT, EOTTEEDAM, ETC.
ASSISTED BY
GEORGE WARING, ESQ., M.A
OF TEINITT COLLEGE, CAMBEIDGE, AND MAGDALEN HALL, OXFOED.
SECOND EDITION.
ycntran :
JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, SOHO SQUARE.
MDCCCLXXIV.
BY E. B. GARDNER, E. PICKARD HALL, AND J. H. BTACT, PEINTEES TO THE UNIVEESITY.
PEEFACE.
1 HE Scriptures contain the revelation of God^s will to man^ — God's word addressed to all mankind. As the Scriptures are Truths the closer we adhere to them, the nearer we are to Truth. But the nearest ap- proach we can make to the inspired orig-inals, is in faithful translations, as they express the sense with the greatest brevity and precision. Hence good translations afford the best helps for obtaining a true knowledge of the Scriptures, and different versions, by learned and religious men, must be the best and shortest commentaries. The same truths are there expressed in different words. Where some are too brief and obscure, others may be more full and clear, while together, being the same in sense, they mutually illustrate and confirm each other.
The present volume contains four translations of the Gospels. These translations were made by the leading men, — the intellectual aristocracy of their day. The first version is the Gothic by Ulphilas, in the 4th century. What vigour and decision of mind, — what a clear view of the future extension and influence of the Germanic race, must Ulphilas have had to induce him to translate the Scriptures into the vulgar tongue of his people, in an age when Greek and Latin were the only languages employed for literary purposes ! Ulphilas deeply felt, from his own experience, that the power of the word of God to convince the understanding and to influence the conduct would be limited, unless it was not only preached, but read in the mother tongue, through which the best affections of the heart are most easily touched. — These remarks are equally applicable to the translation of the Gospels in the 8th or Toth century from the Vetus Italica into Anglo-Saxon, and to the Wycliffe version of the whole Bible from the Vulgate into English in the 14th century, which was the dawn of that scriptural light that preceded the Reformation. In the i6th century, Tyndale presented the Gospel in a still clearer light by his translation of the New Testament from
b
ii PREFACE.
the original Greek into English, so faithfully, that it is, in substance, our present authorized Version, "which constantly uses the same phrase- ology and often employs the very same words.
These versions, extending from a.d. 360 to 1526, are not only of great value to Divines, hut deeply interesting to the philologist, who is here supplied with ample specimens of the earliest German, and of the Anglo-Saxon, as well as early English. The first German comes down to us in the translation of Ulphilas, made about a.d. 360. Though the Anglo-Saxon Gospels were translated in 735 or before, and the version printed in this volume is from a MS. written about a.d. 995, yet we have an earlier record of Anglo-Saxon writing, in the Laws of Ethelbert, king of Kent. From the Title of these Laws, we learn that " they were established in the days of Augustine *,'' that is, between a.d. 597, when Ethelbert was baptised, and the death of Augustine in 604. The most probable date is 599. From this time to the present, we have our written Laws ; and we are told that Bede, just before his death in 735, had finished the translation of St. John's Gospel into his native tongue, called English [Englisc] in the early Laws. The Germans have the first written specimen of a Germanic language in Ulphilas, and we the next specimen in our Anglo-Saxon Laws, and at a later date in the Gospels. The English philologist will now be able to trace many wgrds and phrases from the present time, 1865, to the translation of Tyndale in 1526, of Wycliffe in 1389, of the Saxon about 995, and of the Gothic about 360, a space of more than 1500 years. The Gothic is a language of Low German originfj as well as the Anglo-Saxon and English, we are, therefore, not surprised to find many phrases apparently identical in Gothic, in Anglo-Saxon, and in modern English.
GoTnic. Anglo-Saxon.
lu bokom Psalmo. lu the book of Psalms. On thani Sealme. Lk. xx. 42.
Ik im thata daur. I am the door. Ic com geat. Jn. x. 9.
Langai wheilai. For a long while. Langre tide. Lk. xviii. 4.
Nauh leitila wheila. Now a little while. Gyt sumo liwilej. Jn. vii. 33.
Whis brothar. Whose brother. Hw£es brother. Lk. xx. 28.
Kaurno whaiteis. A corn of wheat. Ilwa'tcuc corn. Jn. xii. 24.
* Da d(5mas, de jS^l^elbirht cyning ^sette, on Aiigustinus cLcge. — Thorpes Ancient Laws and Institutes, 8vo. 1840, vol. i. p. 2.
+ Professor Max Miiller's Survey of Langnagca, 2nd Edn. Svo. 1855, p. 6.3 ; and liis Science of Language, Lecture V. p. 175. + Yet some while or time.
THE GOTHIC— ULPHILAS. iii
Gothic. Anglo Saxon.
Hardu-liaiitei. Harcluess of heart. Heortau heardness. Mk. x. 5.
■Hardu ist thata waiud. Hard is that word. Heard is tbeos sprsec*. Jn.vi.Co.
Sibun brothryus. Seven brothers. Seofon grebr5thru. Lk. xx. 29.
Wheitos swe snaiws. White as snow. Swci hwite swa snaw. Mk. ix. 3.
luka auhsne. Yokes of oxen. A'n getfnie oxenaf. Lk. xiv. 19.
Wha ist namo theiu 1 What is thy name 1 Hwset is thin nama 1 Lk. viii. 30.
Galeiks ist maun. He is like a man. He ys geVic men. Lk. vi. 48.
THE GOTHIC translation of Ulpliilas is the first, in date and importance, which claims attention in a brief notice of these four versions, and of their celebrated translators.
The heathen Goths settled in Dacia, on the north-west of the Black Sea, at an early period. While resident there they became Christians, and before the Council of Nice in a.d. 325, the Christian Goths were so numerous as to elect their own Bishop, Theophilus, whose signature appears in the records of that Council. The most celebrated of their Bishops was UlphilasJ, born in a.d. 318 among-st the Goths in Dacia. His eminent talents, learning, and benevolence gave him unbounded influence over his countrymen. It, therefore, became a proverb among the Goths, " Whatever is done by Ulpliilas, is well done.^^ This favourable impression prepares us to hear of his consecration, at the age of 30, as Bishop § of the Goths in a.d. 348 by Eusebius Bishop of Nicomedia. He continued to discharge his episcopal duties with great fidelity for forty years, and in a. d. 388 went to Constantinople to promote the interest of his Church, where he died at the age of 70. Ulpliilas wrote in Latin, Greek, and Gothic, and was full of energy in the practical application of his learning. No difliculty or literary labour deterred him when he had in view the cherished desire of his heart, the translation of the New Testament from the original Greek, and part of the Old from the Septuagint into Gothic, that every one of his countrymen might read the word of God in his own tongue. It is most likely that this great literary work was completed before a.d. 360 ; because, as a faithful and zealous preacher of the Gospel, anxious for the instruction and edification of the people, he had been accustomed to translate into their own language
* Hard is this speech. + lAterally A team of oxen.
J Some eminent Germans write the name Ulfilas, Ulfila, Wulfila, &c. As I have not seen the name so written in any original document, the old orthogra^^hy is retained. See other reasons in Origin of Eng. and Germanic Lang. vii. § 7, p. 115, note *.
§ Waitz, Ueber das Leben und die Lehre des Ulfila. 8vo. Hanover, 1840.
b2
iv PREFACE.
the passages of the Scriptures which he quoted. Ulphilas drew the water of life from the pure fountain^ and delivered it to his people un- contaminated. He imbibed the doctrines of the Gospel at the fountain head^ the original Greek, and preached those doctrines to the Goths in their own nervous and expressive Germanic tongue.
Ulphilas had always taken the greatest interest in the welfare of the Goths. When, in the year 376, he saw they were grievously oppressed by the Huns, he hesitated not to implore the protection of the Emperor Valens, and pleaded their eauSe with such success, that the province of Mcesia was assigned to them. Their innumerable tribes then passed over the Danube into Mcesia, now Servia and Bulgaria: it was from the residence of these Visigoths, or West Goths in Mcesia that they have been called Mooso- Goths, and their language Moeso- Gothic.
Zealous Arians have always been anxious to claim Ulphilas, as belonging to them. Valens and his Arian bishops would naturally use all their influence with Ul})hilas, and he would be disposed to concede as much as possible for the sake of peace and the welfare of his people. Further, as a man of principle, he could not go. In the strife, contention, and bitter persecution of the times, it is difficult to arrive at the exact truth. We know that Ulphilas was not only a man of great learning, but of honest principles, and practical wisdom; he was, therefore, with his cautious and judicious antecedents — his early and extensive knowledge of the Scriptures — not very likely to fall into fatal errors. We are certain of this, that so far as the trans- lation of Ulphilas has been recovered, there is not a trace of Arianism to be found. On the contrary, in passages clearly unfavourable to the doc- trine of Arius, Ulphilas has honestly and plainly given the literal meaning of the Greek. The chief point in which we are now concerned, is this, that those who read the Gothic version of Ulphilas are not likely to be led into error, as it is a faithful re})resentation of the Greek. This was the opinion of the learned Junius and Dr. Marshall, the first editors of the Gothic Gospels, and of Cardinal Mai, and the great body of learned men in the past age, as well as the present.
Codex Argenteus. — Wc gladly leave this subject to speak of the principal MS. and the chief editions of the Gothic Gospels. The most cele- brated MS. is Tlie Codex Argenteus, or Silver Book, so called from being transmitted to us in letters of a silvery hue, though the letters of a few- words in the beginning of each paragraph are in gold. I once thought with
GOTHIC— CODEX ARGENTEUS. v
Hire, Meerman*, and others, that the words of this splendid Codex were not written on the veUum, which is of a reddish purple colour, but that each word was formed letter after letter by metallic characters heated, and then impressed on silver or gold leaf which was made to adhere to the vellum by some glutinous substance, in the manner that bookbinders now letter and ornament the backs of books. On showing the facsimile to Henry Latham, Esq., M.A., of Brasenose College, and of the Oxford University Press, he observed the letters were not so uniform as they would be if made by the impression of metallic characters, and suggested that the form of each letter was more probably drawn with some glutinous preparation, and the silver or gold leaf pressed upon it. On looking minutely at our accurate facsimile, I saw variations which could not have occurred if metallic letters had been used. The word at the end of the third line of our facsimile is abbreviated, to make it accord with the preceding line. In the loth line of Dr. Uppstrom's larger facsimile, to prevent a confused junction of the long stem of di with the long stem of t in the preceding line, the top of {[) is bent to the left in such a manner as could only be done by a pen or pencil.
Being anxious to obtain the most accurate information, even as to
the colour of this invaluable MS., I wrote to Professor Uppstrom. Not
receiving an answer with that promptitude, which his liberality and
kindness of heart always induced him to give, I presumed he had not
received my letter, and wrote again. The answer came, not from the
learned editor of the Codex Argenteus, but from a mutual friend, A.
Diedrich Wackerbarth, whom I had known long ago, as graduating in
honours at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. I may add that he has
proved himself to be one of our best Teutonic scholars by his accurate
and spirited translation of Beo^vulf, from the Anglo-Saxon into English
verse, published in 1849. His letter gives the last sad tidings of one
of Sweden''s most learned men, and contains so minute a description of
the MS. that I feel assured my readers will thank me for introducing
the substance of it.
"Uppsala, May 6th, 1865.
" Your two letters were unfortunately too late to reach Professor Uppstrom. Our good friend died on the 21st of January last. His death was very unex- pected, and was caused by inflammation of the lungs. Your letter of the 6th ult. was accordingly placed in the hands of the Professor of Ancient Northern Literature, Prof. Save, who went, in company with me, to the library two or three days ago, where I endeavoured by mixing water-colours to get a few approximations to the colour of the vellum of the Codex Argenteus. Since
* Origin of Eng. and Germanic Lang. vii. § 10, p. 116.
vi PREFACE.
then your second letter lias arrived, that of the 2Sth ult. Professor Save is at the present moment exceedingly busy ; but, being desirous not to keep you waiting for an answer, he this morning requested me to go up to the library, re-examine the Codex with reference to your questions, and make my report accordingly. This I have done and herewith communicate the result." — After an unsuccessful attempt to give the colour with greater precision, he sent me five specimens of the purple shades of the vellum taken from five different parts of the Codex. Our fixcsimile is the medium colour. My friend then proceeds, — " The vellum is still somewhat glossy. The colour varies very greatly in different parts of the Codex, in some parts indeed it may be said to have dis- appeared altogether or veiy nearly so, whereas in others it is even slightly darker than the darkest of my imitations, and has much the appearance of ripe mulberries. The leaves seem to have been coloured on one side only, the colour of the back of the sheet being that of the front showing thi'ough. Calling the highly coloured side of a sheet the front, and the other side the back, the leaves seem to have been so arranged that fronts are turned to fronts and backs to ba(;ks, so as to present uniformity of colour on both pages of the same opening of the book.
" I now turn to your other question, namely the probability of Ihre's con- jecture that the letters are stamped ; or, in other woixls, that the book is in fact printed, only letter by letter instead of sheet by sheet. To this conjecture I cannot assent, and I may add that Professor Uppstrom held the same opinion as myself, so docs also Prof. Siive. The Codex is certainly very beautifully written and the letters are remarkably uniform, but strictly uniform they are not. . . .The breadth of the letter H is usually about 4^ millimetres : similarly the letter M : when the wi'itcr has been a little pressed for room the Vi and H are reduced in breadth each to about 3^ millimetres. Now had the writer formed his letters by means of a stamp, he could only have contracted the spaces between the letters, not the letters themselves, unless indeed we suppose he had several stamps of different breadths for each letter, which I do not think probable. It appears then, that the Codex has not been formed by stamping the letters but is throughout manuscript : a most beautiful and uniform manu- script it must have been, worthy of the pen of Brother Sintram of St. Gall himself, but written, not stamped.
"Another circumstance, which I think may be worth mentioning, is the following : On comparing Uppstrbm's facsimile page with the original, I observe that in the Codex the tail of the silver C, which foi-ms the first letter of the 1 2th line, goes quite over the arc of the golden H, which begins the next following line. From this I presume we may infer, that the gilding was done before the silvering.
" 1 may mention that the upper part of the tf* is not unfrcquently slightly bent to the left, as in the example cited by you, even when there is no letter
GOTHIC— EDIT. OF COD. ARG. vii
with which it would otherwise interfere. Indeed all the letters, though quite sufficiently uniform to present to the eye that regularity which constitutes so important a portion of what we call beauty in writing, present, when examined with a magnifying glass and a fine scale, differences of form and dimensions greater than I think would exist had they been formed with a stamp.
" Prof Uppstrom, during his last journey in Italy, carefully collated the MSS. in the Ambrosian and Vatican Libraries as well as that of Wolfenbiittel. These he prepared for the press and had even just commenced printing when death put an end to his labours. The work will however not be lost to the world, as it has been placed in able hands. In fact, it will be edited by Prof. Save.
" I may add that the Codex has evidently been ruled throughout with double lines for writing : single lines would have been sufficient for stamping."
The Codex Argenteus, containing fragments of the four Gospels, is supposed to be the work of Italians in their own country at the close of the fifth centujy, or the beginning of the sixth. The only MS. in exactly the same style, of wi-iting, is the celebrated Gallican Psalter* now in the Abbey of St. Germain des Pr^s. It is of the sixth centuiy and is said to have belonged to St. Germain, Bishop of Paris, who died May 28, 576. The vellum is stained of a purple-violet colour, and the writing is in silver letters, and a few particular words in gold. This description would serve for the Codex Argenteus, the vellum of which, however, is purple, exactly as in our facsimile, of a reddish rather than a violet tint.
The Codex Argenteus was preserved for many centuries in the monastery of Werden on the river Rhur, in Westphalia. In the 17th century it was transmitted for safety to Prague ; but, Count Konigsmark taking that city in 1648, the Codex Argenteus came into the possession of the Swedes, who deposited it in the Libi'ary at Stockholm. Vossius in 1655, when visiting Sweden, became possessed of it, and bi'ought it to Holland. Puffendorf, as he travelled through Holland in 1662, found it in the custody of Vossius, and purchased it for Count de la Gardie ; who, after having it bound in silver, presented it to the Royal Library at Uppsala, where it is still preserved.
I. This imperfect copy of the Four Gospels, beginning Matt, v, 15, was first printed fi'om a beautiful facsimile made by Derrer ; and, with the Gothic Glossary of Junius, published by Junius and Marshall, in 2 vols. 4to., at
* A most beautiful facsimile of tliis MS. was published by Count Bastard, 1843, in his splendid and expensive work on this subject. Another is given, with a minute description of Plate ex. vol. i. p. ^296 in Universal Palaeography, by M. J. B. Silvestre, translated from the French and edited by Sir Frederic Madden : Folio Plates, and descriptions in 2 vols. 8vo. H. Gr. Bohn, London, 1850. I am indebted for the sight of these facsimiles to Professor J. O. Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., author of the very beautiful work, Palieographia Sacra Pictoria, &c.
viii PREFACE.
» Dordrecht, 1665. There are two cohimns in each page, the Gothic on the left column, and the Anglo-Saxon on the right ; both in their original characters, the tj^pes for which were cast in Holland, at the expense of Junius. The same book, apparently published with new titles, and a reprint of the first sheet in Vol. II, the Glossary by Junius, appeared again at Amsterdam in 1684.
II. Sticrnhielm, a Swede, republished Ulphilas, with additions, entitled, — Evangelia ab Uli^hila Gothice translata, cum versionibus Sueo-Gothica Norrsena sen Islandica, et Vulgata Latina, Stockhobnice, 4to. 167 1. Sometimes there is hound Zip with i^ — Glossarium Ulphila-Gothicum per F. Junium, nunc Sueo- Gothica auctum, etc. per Georg. Stiernhielm, ib. 1670.
III. The Gothic Gospels were again prepared for the Press by Dr. Eric Benzelius, and jiublished by Lye, 4to. Oxford, 1750, with a Latin translation, and notes below the Gothic : a short Gothic Grammar, written by Lye, is pre- fixed. This handsome 4to. of the Clarendon Press was printed with the type which Junius had presented to the L'niversity of Oxford after it had been used at Dordrecht in the Edition of 1665.
rV. A learned Swede, Ihre, a native of Uppsala, and afterwards professor, favoured the literati in 1753 with his remarks upon the editions of Junius, Stiernhielm, and Lye. He had constant access to the Codex, and his criti- cisms and remarks upon the editors' deviations from it are very valuable. All Professor Ihre's treatises on the Gothic version, and other tracts connected with the subject, were published under the following title : J. ab Ihre scripta versionem Ulphilanam et linguam Mcjeso Gothicam illustrantia, edita ab Anton. Frid. Biischiug, Berolini, 4to. 1773.
v. The Codex was again prepared and printed in Roman characters with- out accents, after the corrected text of Ihre, with a literal interlinear Latin translation, and a more free Latin version in the margin, with a Grammar and Glossary by F. K. Fulda. The Glossary revised and the text corrected by W. F. H. Reinwald, published by J. C. Zahn, Weissenfels and Leipsic, 4to. 1 805.
VI. A commentary on parts of the Gos])el of St. John, with the following title: — Skeireins Aiwaggelyons thairh lohannen. — Auslegung des Evangelii Johannis in gothischer Sprache von H. F. Massmann, Doctor der Philosophic, Professor der iilteren deutschen Sprache etc. 4to. Miinchcn, 1834. — It contains an account of the manuscript, p. ix-xvii : — the Commentary in Gothic, printed in facsimile types, p. 3-34 : — the same Gothic text, in Iloman and Italic type accented, in one column, and a literal Latin version in the other, with notes at the foot, p. 37-52 : — an account of the MS. and a short notice of Ulphilas and the Goths, p. 53-118 : — a complete Glossary of the Gothic words with explanations in Latin, and the Greek equivalents, p. 121-182 : — a facsimile of Skeireins, and other MSS. p. 183.
VII. Ulfilas : — Veteris et Novi Testamenti versionis Gothicae fragraenta, qure supersunt, ad fidem codd. castigata, Latinitate donata, adnotatione critica
ANGLO-SAXON— ETHEL BERT. ix
instructa, cum Glossario et Grammatica lingure Gothicae, conjunctis curis ecHderunt H. C. cle Gabelentz et Dr. J. Lcebe. Lipsise, apucl F. A. Brockhaus, 1836 et 1846. — This is a very valuable %York in 2 vols. 4to. Vol. I. contains Prolegomena, p. ix-xxxvii : the Gothic text of the Gospels and Epistles, as far as they have been discovered, with fragments of the Old Testament, printed in Roman type, without accents ; below is a Latin translation, and under this are very useful notes in Latin, in 2 cols, small type, p. 1-359. — Vol. II. con- tains Vorwort, p. vi-xi : Skeir. p. xii-xvi : Calend. Goth. p. xvii, xviii : Gloss, p. 1-2 14: Griechisch-gothisches Worterbuch, p. 215-241 : Gram, der Goth, p. 1-298.
VIII. Ulphilas von Gaugengigl : Vol. I. Sprachlehre und Worterbuch : Vol. II. Gothic New Testament, 2 vols, in i, royal 8vo., with a plate of Gothic Alphabets. Passau, 1849.
IX. XJppstrom's Codex Argenteus, 4to. 1 854- 185 7 : v. Notes, p. 570, Matt. i. 21 ; xi. 10.
X. Massmann's Ulfilas*, Stuttgart, 1857, i vol. 8vo. The Gothic text is printed entirely in Roman letters, of a good legible size, and fills the left hand pages. Parts of the Septuagint and of the original Greek text and the Vulgate Latin Version, both in smaller type than the Gothic, fill the right hand pages. They are in two columns, and the verses, both of the Greek and Latin, are parallel with the Gothic. The Gothic text is accented according to the system introduced by the celebrated Professor, Dr. James Grimm. Many very valuable notes, a Glossary, and a brief Gothic Grammar are appended to the Text. It is a most useful and comprehensive book, containing, in one moderate 8vo. volume, the whole of the Gothic translation of the Old and New Testa- ments hitherto discovered, and all that is known on the subject.
XI. Ulfila oder die uns erhaltenen Denkmaler der Gothischen Sprache. Text, Grammatik und Worterbuch. Bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Friedrich Ludwig Stamm, Pastor zu St. Ludgeri, in Helmstedt. Paderborn, 1858. — A plain, good sized, readable text, in Roman type, without accents. The ]> is used.
ANGLO-SAXON. — Before Gregory the Great planted Christianity in England by his missionaries, the energetic and warlike Anglo-Saxons had scarcely any facilities for intellectual improvement. A gradual preparation for the public reception of the Christian faith had been made by the marriage of Ethelbert, king of Kent, with Bertha, a Frankish princess. Bertha and her attendants continued their Christian worship in England, under the direction of the Bishop who accompanied her from France. The exemplary conduct of the Queen impressed the mind of Ethelbert and his court with a favourable opinion of Chris-
* The exact title of this scholarlike and most handy book is given in the Gothic notes on Matt. i. 21, p. 570.
X PREFACE.
tianity. The way being opened by Bertha, Ethelbert in a.d. 597 gave a friendly reception to Augustine, the leader of the Christian messengers of peace, and assigned them a residence in Canterbury. As Christian doctrines and discipline expand the mind, and produce a love of learning and intellectual pursuits, these results were seen by the establishment of the first school in Kent by Ethell^ert, and by his written Laws, as well as by the thii'st for knowledge raised among his subjects. Those, who applied themselves to literature, manifested the strength of their intellectual powers, by a success which could not have been expected, and can scarcely be surpassed. That within a hundred years after the dawn of Christianity and literature upon the Anglo-Saxons, two such men as Bede and Bonifacius should have ■arisen, the one from the most northerly and the other from the southerly part of England, — from Durham and Devonshire, — is an adequate proof that the previous absence of literary knowledge did not arise from the want of intellect, but of opportunity for its cultivation. Bede had a European reputation as a Scholar, and Bonifacius as a Christian Missionary. Bonifacius, a native Saxon, and like all the Angles and Saxons of Germanic origin, speaking a Germanic dialect, was a most successful herald of peace to his kindred race on the Continent. His talents, and his heart glowing with benevolence and Christian zeal, made him the missionary Bishop over the numerous ti'ibes to whom he had preached with such success, that he is said to have been the means of converting to the Christian faith more than a
hundred thousand Germans. Bede was born in 672, and died in
735. His works were spread over Europe, and so highly esteemed, that his Ecclesiastical History, written in Latin, was printed about the year 1474^ among the early works that issued from the German press. It was translated into Anglo-Saxon by King Alfred, and is still a well-known and popular book, though tinged with the credulity of the age in which it was written. Bede was a diligent student and translator of the Scriptures, as will soon appear; but, we must first observe, that among the many books sent by Gregory the Great to Augustine, two copies of the Gospels in Latin, of the same size, and written in the same Roman uncials, are now extant. After being safely kept in the Bibliotheca Gregoriana in St. Augustine's Abbey, Canter- bury, Archbishop Parker, at the dissolution of religious houses, took charge of these precious MSS. ; one of these he presented, with his other INISS. and books, to the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where it still remains in perfect safety. The other copy
ANGLO-SAXON VERSION. xi
we know from the following entry in tlie margin fol. 2 a^ " Robertas Cotton Cuningtonensis 1602/'' was among the manuscript treasures of Sir Robert Cotton. It is now in the safe custody of the Bodleian, Oxford. This Oxford Codex appears, from its history, as well as from its internal evidence, to have been the originatl from which numerous copies were made and spread over England as far north as the residence of Bede in the Monastery of Wearmouth, Durham. The internal evi- dence is this, that all the Anglo-Saxon IMSS. have the large interpola- tion given in the note upon Matt. xx. 28, with others which will shortly be mentioned. This MS. of the Gospels, sent by Gregory the Great, is not the Vulgate, but the old Latin Version, the Vetus Italica, in constant use till the time of Jerome, who guided by it, finished his Vulgate translation of the Gospels in a.d. 384. As the Anglo-Saxon Version was made from the Vetus Italica, it may be useful in ascertain- ing the readings of this oldest Latin Version. We may cite one or two examples more in proof that the Anglo-Saxon was from the Vetus Italica, and not from the Vulgate of Jerome.
In St. Matt, xxvii. 32, the Vulgate has Inveneinint homiuem Cyi'en?eum, and omits venientem obviam illis. The Anglo-Saxon is word for word from the Vetus Italica, as will be seen below. In this instance the Anglo-Saxon was evidently translated from the Vetus Italica.
Invenerunt hominem Cyrenseum, venientem obviam illis. Vet. Ital.
Da gemetton hig senne Cyreniscne man, cumende heom togenes. Ang.-Sax.
A clause is also omitted in. the Vulgate of St. Matt. xxiv. 41, when it is both in the Vetus Italica and Anglo-Saxon.
Duo in lecto, unus assumetur, et unus relinquetur. Vet. Ital.
Twegen beo]) on bedde, an hy\ genumen, and oder by}? Isefcd. Ang.-Sax.
Sometimes a word is different in the Vulgate and in the Italic Version, and the Anglo-Saxon then follows the Italic, as in St. Luke xv. 8. Et evertit doraum. Vet. Ital. And awent hyre bus. Ang.-Sax. Et everrit domum. Vulg.
The Vetus Italica sometimes omits a whole verse, and the same omission is observed in the Codex Augustinius and in the Anglo-Saxon, when it is con- tained in the Vulgate, as in St. Matt, xxiii. 14. This affords further evidence, that the Anglo-Saxon was translated from the Vetus Italica, and also that the Bodleian Codex Augustinius is the Italic, and not the Vulgate Version. See the note ujjon Matt, xxiii. 14, p. 577-
xii PREFACE.
It is then an interesting faet^ that we still possess^ in the Bodleian, one of the copies which Gregory the Great sent to England, — that it is not a copy of the Vulgate, Lut of the Vetus Italica, and that it may be the very copy from which the Anglo-Saxon Version was made.
We are not certain as to the names of those patriotic Anglo-Saxons, who devoted their time, talents, and learning to the translating of the Scriptures into Anglo-Saxon, that they might be read bj' the peojile, and in their churches; but we have an indisputable evidence in the Rubrics, printed in our notes from the ]\IS. that they were constantly read in Anglo-SaxiDn churches, as the rubrical directions declare what part of the Scriptures was appointed for successive seasons. We have no more knowledge of the exact date when the Gospels were first trans- lated into Anglo-Saxon, than we have of the translators. We are, however, assured by Cuthbert*, a pupil of the learned Venerable Bede, the glory of the Anglo-Saxon Church, that he was finishing his trans- lation of St. John's Gospel immediately before his death on the 37th of May, 735. As St. John is the last of the Gospels, the three pre- ceding had most likely been previously translated. Cuthbert describes the last day of Bedels life with Christian simplicity and feeling. ' When the morning dawned he told us to write diligently what we had begun. This being done, one of us said, — There is yet, beloved Master, one chapter wanting ; will it be unpleasant to be asked any more questions ? He answered. Not at all. Take your pen and write with speed. — He did so. At the ninth hour he said to me, I have some valuables in my little chest; fetch them that I may distribute my small presents. He addressed each and exhorted to prayer. We wept. In the evening when his pupil said. Dear Master, one sentence is still wanting. Write it quickly, exclaimed Bede. When it was finished, he said. Support me while I go to the holy place, where I can pray to my Father. When he was placed there he repeated the Gloria Patri, and expired in the eflPort.''
We have no satisfactory evidence to prove that this was the first translation of the Gospels, nor that Bedels version has come down to us. The Scriptures, in their own tongue, were revered by the Anglo- Saxons, for Alfred the Great placed the Commandments at the head of his Laws, and incorporated many passages from the Gospels. Sub- sequent translators would naturally avail themselves of the versions made by their predecessors, and write them in the orthography, the language, and the style of the time in which they lived. From these
* Smith's Bede, p. 793.
ANGLO-SAXON MSS. B.C. xiii
distinguishing" features, the age of a MS. may be ascertained with tolerable accuracy. Sometimes persons and places are named, which aid in fixing the date.
Anglo-Saxon MSS. of the Gospels. Our Anglo-Saxon text* is based
upon the MS. No. CXL. in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, denoted by B; and the MS. li. 2. 11. in the University Library, Cambridge, designated by C ; collated with Cot. or the Cotton Otho C. I. the MS. in the British Museum, and with the Hatton MS. No. 38 in the Bodleian, Oxford, referred to in the notes, by the signature H, compared with Rl. or the MS. of neai'iy the same form and date I. A. XIV. in the Royal Library, British Museum : — collated also with the Oxford MS. in the Bodleian No. 441, to which a reference is made in the notes by 0. — Also Rush, or the Rushworth Gloss, in the Bodleian, No. 3946 ; and the Lindisfarne in the British Museum, Nero D. IV.
The value of these MSS. and the text formed upon their authority will be best ascertained fnom a short account of each, chiefly in the alphabetical order of the letters by which they are designated.
I. B. is described in Wanley's Catal. p. 116, and by Nasmith, p. 213; it is said to be copied from an older MS. before the Conquest. I think between A.D. 990 and 1030. Many vowels are accented. At the end of St. Matthew's Gospel is the following note, written in the same form of letter as the MS. but of a somewhat later date : — Ego ^Ifricus scripsi hunc librum in Monasterio Badonio, et dedi Brihtwoldo Prepositot. — Dr. Marshall, speaking of this MS. in 1664, says, — Hunc Codicem et Oxoniensem, rarius reperi ab invicem dis- sentientes ; superioremcpie eos vetustatem spirare existimo. (p. 490.)
II. C. denotes the MS. of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels, in the University of Cambridge, marked li. 2. 11. This MS. in small folio, written in a good clear hand about the time of the |Noi-man Conquest, if not earlier, is very valuable for its accuracy in grammatical forms, and orthography as adopted in the best West-Saxon ; and because it is the only copy which has the Rubrics complete, and written in the same hand and just after the other parts of the MS. Many vowels are accented. In 1704, when Wanley wrote his Catalogus Historico-Criticus Manuscriptorum Septentrionalium, the leaf, containing the following note, stood among the waste leaves at the beginning of this MS. : it is now (1865) placed at the end§: — Hunc textum Euangeliorum dedit Leofricus
* See Anglo-Saxon Notes, p. 574, col. i. The Anglo-Saxon text.
+ See Anglo-Saxon Notes upon Matt, xxviii. 20w. J Wanley's Catal. p. 152.
§ I might merely state the fact, but I may add, that Mr. Bradshaw of King's College, who has the care of the MSS. and examines them most minutely, is satisfied, from the size and the cutting of the parchment, with other concurring circumstances, that, when the MS. was originally written, this was the last leaf ; he has, therefore, restored it to what, he is assured, was its first position.
xiv PREFACE.
episcopus ecclesiae Sancti Petri Apostoli iu Exonia ad utilitatem successorum suoinim. Then immediately follows in the same Anglo-Saxon hand as the Codex, but of a little later date, — Das boo Lcofric biscop gef Saucto Petro and eallum his ieftergengum into Exanccstre Gode mid to denienne.
At the foot of a waste leaf, placed before the MS. is this note : — Hunc Codi- cem Evangeliorum Grcgorius Dodde, Decanus Ecclesise Exoniensis, cum assensu fratrum suorum Canonicorum dono dedit Matthseo Cantuariensi Ai'chiepiscopo, qui ilium in banc novam formam redigi et ornari curavit. 1566.
On the upper margin of page i of this MS. is written in the bold, clear hand of Archbishop Parker, — " Mattlueus Cantuar: 1574." At the foot of this page in the same clear hand, " Coutinet pag. 401," i. e. The entire MS. contains 401 pp. The Gospels occupy p. 1-343. — Pseudo-Evangelkim NiclLodemi, p. 344-383, published by Thwaites at the end of his Heptateuchus in 8vo. 1698. — Nathanis Judcei Legatio Fahulosa ad Tiherium Ccesarem, p. 383-401. All the 401 pages of the MS. are wi'itten in the same bold and distinct Anglo-Saxon band. The Rubrics are in faded, dark red letters of the sama form as the MS., but written after the text was finished, as they often extend far into the mai'gin, the latter Avords being placed at the end of one or more consecutive lines of the MS. : for example in Matt, xi., MS. p. 37, line 14-17. The letters of the Rubrics were most likely formed, when the Capital letters were coloured. The Gospels are divided into paragraphs, denoted by large plain Capital lettei'S of diiferent colours, some of which, especially the green and light blue, are as bright as if recently coloured. There is generally, but not always, a Rubric at the head of each paragraph. Three or four paragraphs are often included in a Chapter ; and the chapters of our modern versions sometimes begin in the middle or other parts of the paragraphs of this MS., in which there was not originally the least indication of such a division.
III. This is Avhat remains of tlie once fine MS. written on vellum before the Norman Conquest, and denoted by Cot. because it is in the Cotton Library, British Museum, Otho C. I. A minute description is given of it by Wanley in A. D. 1704*, when it was in a perfect state from Matt, xxvii. 6. It was so much injured by the fire, which destroyed many of Sir Robert Cotton's ]\ISS. on the 23rd of Oct. 1731, that, what was defective only as far as Matt, xxvii. 6 before that calamity, afterwards looked like a chai-red mass. Planta, in his Catalogue of the Cotton MSS., describes it as " once consisting of 290 leaves, but now (1802) so much burnt and contracted as to render the binding of it impracticable." It was fortunately kept in a case ; and what was found im- practicable by Mr. Planta, has been effected under the careful superintendence of Sir Frederic Madden, by whose judicious arrangements many I\ISS. have been restored, and made accessible to the public. The smallest part of this burnt mass has been carefully mounted on thick fplio papei', which is cut away
* Catal. p. 211, 212.
ANGLO-SAXON MSS. II.O. Rl. xv
iu the middle to fit the hijured vellum, and made fast by transparent paper, gummed to the edges of the paper and the vellum ; the ]\IS. can, therefore, be easily read on both sides. It is now bound iu two large folio vols. Sir Frederic Madden tells us — that twenty-five folios are lost since Wanley described it. The first small fi-agment of this MS. now remaining is from folio 26, which Sir F. Madden has marked as part of St. Mark vii. 22. Such a note deserves the best thanks of all who consult the MS. as it saves much of their time. The fragments increase a little in size from folio 26 to 38. St. Luke is nearly com- plete, and occupies fol. 39-93. St. John fills fol. 95-135, and is nearly perfect, especially in the latter part. There are not any rubrical directions, and only a few badly formed capital letters of a dingy red colour iu this MS. The accents ai'e neither numerous nor carefully applied.
IV. H. The Hatton MS. N"o. 38 in the Bodleian*, Oxford, is the size of a large 8vo. and written on vellum, in a very uniform and beautiful, but late hand, about the time of Henry II. The letters are so uniform, upright, and near together, as to appear like printing in facsimile types. It formerly be- longed to the Rev. John Parker, son of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canter- bury, who wrote his name in red chalk, " lohes parker," on the verso and top of the first fly-leaf Wanley tells us that the missing leaf Lk. xvi. was neatly written and inserted by Mr. Parker. The four Gospels are arranged not in the usual order, but St. Matt, is placed after St. Luke ; thus, Mark, Luke, Matthew, and John. The only Rubric in Anglo-Saxon is this at the beginning of St. John, — Her ongin)? dost god spell de Johannes se godspellere gewrat on Patli- mos dam eiglande. — The accents are few, and capriciously applied.
v. This MS. denoted by PL is in the Royal Library, British Museum, I. A. XIY. It is very similar to the Hatton in the 8vo. size, but a little smaller. The writing is somewhat earlier in date, and less regular than the Hatton. The Rubrics are very few, and of a brighter red than the Hatton. There are scarcely any accents; yet Ysaac is found in fol. 33, 5. The four Gospels are placed in this order, — Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John. — St. Mark begins, Initium Sci Euangelii secundum Marcum. Her ys Godspelles angin, Halendes Cristas Godes sune, swa awriten is on jjas Avitegan bee Isaiam. — Her ongind Matheus boc ))as halga Godspelleres. — Begins, SoSlice wel is to understanden ^ sefter IMatheus gerecednysse her his oncneornysse boc Hselendes Cristes Dauides suna. — St. Luke, Nu we willaS her eow areccen Lucas boc 'Saes halgau God- spelleres.— Begins, ForSaip Se wytodlice manega bohte ['are ))inge wace ge endebyrden Se on us gefylde sint, swa us betahten })a \q hit of frimSe gesawon, and Sare sprsece \e nas wseron. — Then follows the Rubric to St. John precisely as in the Hatton MS. — This Royal MS. belonged to St. Augustine's Abbey t, Canterbury. It was also in possession of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose name is written on the upper margin of the first leaf * Wanley's Catal. p. 76. t Ibid. p. i8x.
xvi PREFACE.
VI. O. The Oxford MS. in the Bodleum, No. 441, is closely allied to the best MSS. B, C, and Cot. ; namely to I, II, and III.— This Oxford MS. of the four Anglo-Saxon Gospels is in small folio, Avritten before the Norman Con- quest*, in a fine bold Anglo-Saxon character, and has some vowels accented. The Rubrics are written in a small and recent hand, between the paragraphs : or, for want of room, in the margin. The first six leaves of St. Mark, fol. 57-62, fol. 90, fol. 131, and fol. 150, also the last three leaves of St. John, fol. 192-194, are written in a small and recent hand upon new parchment, with few accents. — The first edition of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels by John Foxe, in 1 571, was printed from this Oxford MS. No. 441. It was also the basis of the edition by Junius and Marshall in 1665.
VII. The Latin of the Lindisfarne Gospels, or the Durham Book, is said to have been written about a.d. 687 by Eadfrith, a monk, and the interlinear and vei'bal Anglo-Saxon Gloss, by Aldred a Priest, between 946 and 968. Both Eadfrith and Aldred became Bishops of Durham. It is one of our finest MSS.
VIII. The Latin of the Rushworth Gospels appears to be AATitten about the end of the 7th century; and the interlinear and verbal Anglo-Saxon Gloss of the loth. The first three Gosjicls have been published by the Surtees Society. St. Matthew, edited by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., 8vo. 1854. St. Mark in 1861, and St. Luke in 1863, both edited by Geo. Waring, Esq., M.A.-
Printed editions. — I. The Anglo-Saxon Gospels were first printed, at the suggestion and expense of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, under the care of John Foxe, the Martyrologist, with this title : — "The Gospels of the fower Euangelistes tianslated in the olde Saxons tyme out of Latin into the vulgare toung of the Saxons, newly collected out of Auncient Monumentes of the sayd Saxons, and now published for testimonie of the same at London. Printed by John Daye dwelling ouer Aldersgate. 157 1. Cum Priuilegio Regice Maiestatis pei' Becennkan." The text is in the clear and readable Anglo-Saxon type, used by Daye in ^Ifric's " Sermon on Easter day," 1567 +, the first book printed in Anglo-Saxon. The Anglo-Saxon occupies two-thirds the width of the page, and the remaining third is filled with the English Version of the Bishops' Bible in small old English. Foxe wrote the long dedication to Queen Elizabeth. The chief object for the publication of these Gospels is thus stated in the Preface : — " We haue published especially to this end, that the said boke imprinted thus in the Saxons letters, may remaine in the Church as a profitable example, and president of olde antiquitie, to the more confirmation of your gratious pi'ocedinges now in the Church agreable to the same. Wherin as we haue to see how much we are beholden to the rcuerend and learned father in God, Mattheiv Archbishop of Cant, a checfe and a famous trauailler in thys Church of England, by whose industrious diligence and learned labours, this booke,
* Wanley, p. 64.
+ See Origin of Eng. and Gcr. Languages, iii. 9, page 18, note *.
WYCLIFFE. xvii
with utliers moe, hath bene collected and searched out of the Saxons Monu- metes : so likewise haue we to vnderstand and conceaue, by the edition hereof, how the religion presently taught and professed in the Church at thys i)resent, is no new reformation of thinges lately begonne, which were not before, but rather a reduction of the Church to the Pristine state of olde couformitie, which once it had." (p. 9.)
II. A much improved edition of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels * was published, with the Gothic by Junius and Marshall, in 1665, with the following ample title, — Quatuor D. N. Jesu Christi Euangeliorum Versiones perantiquai dupe, Gothica scil. et Anglo-Saxonica : quaruxn illam ex celeberrimo Codice Argenteo nunc primum depromsit Franciscus Junius, Francisci filius. Hanc autem ex Codi- cibus MSS. collatis emendatiiis recudi curavit Thomas Mareschallus, Auglus : cujus etiam Observationes in utramque Versionem subnectuntur. — Accessit et Glossarium Gothicum : cui prsemittitur Alphabetum Gothicum, Kunicum, etc. opera ejusdem Francisci Junii. — Dordrechti. Typis et sumptibus Junianis. — Excudebant Henricus et Joannes Esstei, Urbis Typographi Ordinarii. cioioclxv.
III. A very neat and handy edition of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels appeared in i2mo, London 1842, with this title — Da Halgan Godspel on Englisc. — The Anglo-Saxon Version of the holy Gospels, edited from the original manuscripts, by Benjamin Thorpe, F.S.A. London, Rivington : Oxford, Pai'ker : 1842.
One peculiar feature of the Ang-lo-Saxon version may be noticed, before we speak of the next translation. Those terms, which are adopted in other versions from the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, are generally translated by indigenous Anglo-Saxon compounds, so descriptive as to be intelligible to every reader. A very few examples will be sufficient to show this principle, and the compositive power of the Anglo-Saxon language. For Centurion they used hundred-man, similar to the Lat. Centurio ; — Disciple, leorning-cniht, a learning youth : — Dropsy, a man with the dropsy was called wseter-seoc-man : — Parable, bigspel, a near example : — Repentance, dsed-bot, an amends-deed : — Resurrection, serist, a rising again : — Sabbath, reste-dseg, a day of rest : — Scribe, boc-ere, boc-wer, a hook man : — Synagogue, gesamnung, a congregation : — • Treasury, gold-hord, gold-koard.
"WYCLIFFE. — Till the discovery of printing in the 15th century, the Holy Scriptures and other writings could only be published, or made generally known, by Lectures and by the slow process of manu- scripts. Between forty and fifty years, Wycliffe was more or less closely connected with the University of Oxford. As Tutor, Head of
* See Description of this vol. in Gothic, p. vii. No. I.
C
xviii PREFACE.
a Colleg-e^ and Professor of Divinity, he had great facilities for making the Gospel generally known. In addition to the members of noble families^, and men educated for lay professions, those especially preparing for the Church attended his Lectures, and were educated under his superintendence ; taking with them into every parish throughout the whole country, the learning and impressions they had received in the University, giving lectures upon his principles, and often becoming his willing agents in transcribing his works. The important part, taken by Wyeliffe in preparing for the Reformation by the translation of the Scriptm-es, will be best seen by a short notice of the chief incidents of his life.
John Wyeliffe is said to have been born in 1324 at a small village of that name, near Richmond, in Yorkshire ; and, at the age of sixteen, to have become one of the first members of Queen's College, founded in 1340. He was a fellow of Merton College in 1356. With much natural talent, unwearied assiduity, and a facility in acquiring know- ledge, this diligent and unobtrusive student gained in the University great reputation for his learning, and faithful friends by his decision of character, combined with kindness of heart and unassuming manners. He was deservedly popular, and was much attached to Oxford for the literary facilities and the uninterrupted quietude which he could not find anywhere so perfect as in the University. During more than twenty years he gratified his insatiable desire for knowledge on all subjects, never neglecting to devote a specified time for reading the Bible, making all other knowledge subservient to the great object he ever kept in view, a thorough knowledge of the Scriptures. He read the Latin Fathers with great care, and studied Aristotle, the profound reasoner of the Greeks. As the Greek language and literature were little known and almost forgotten in England before the taking of Constantinople by the Turks in a. d. 1453, when the Greeks fled for refuge to other countries, where they introduced and interpreted the ancient Greek authors, Wyeliffe had not the means of acquiring a knowledge of Greek. He could, therefore, study Aristotle only in the Latin translations and commentaries. Even with such inadequate assistance he became a most subtle reasoner, and an unrivalled disputant, able to encounter the intricacies of scholastic divinity. His great' opponent, the Chronicler Knighton, admits that, while Wyeliffe was generally esteemed a most eminent theologian, he had no equal in the employment of the scholastic art of disputation.
About the year 1360, circumstances occuiTed which called forth
WYCLIFFE OPPOSES THE FRIARS. xix
WyclifFe^s extraordinary talents. Oxford was so celebrated as a seat of learning in the reign of Henry III. that an immense number of students came to the University from all parts of England and from the Continent. Anthony Wood, in his Annals*, tells us they amounted to thirty thousand. When all allowance is made for this almost in- credible estimate of the students by one of Oxford^s most partial friends, it at least indicates the popularity of the University. By the undue influence of the mendicant Friars, the younger students were tempted to leave the Colleges for the Convent, till they are said to have been reduced to six thousand. The Church of Rome, to re- vive the monastic institutions, established the four orders of Mendicants, the Augustines, Carmelites, Dominicans and Franciscans. The first establishment of the Dominicans was at Oxford in 1321. With other privileges, the Popes had allowed the Friars the liberty of superintending education. They had their own ^xempt jurisdiction ; and, in their un- remitted endeavours to gain converts by trespassing on the statutes of the University, they were involved in continual disputes with the Chancellor and Scholars. The University and the Church suffered so much by this interference, that a Convocation was assembled, and a de- cree passed, that no youth, under the age of eighteen, should be received by the Friars into their orders. The contest became so warm and exasperating, that WyclifFe entered into the defence of his beloved University with such zeal, energy and success, as to confound the Friars. They could not resist his plain and honest reasoning. He overwhelmed them by his arguments and learning, and brought them into popular disgrace by his pamphlets on the " able beggary " ab- surdly advocated by the Friars.
The whole University was gratified by this display of Wycliffe's energy, talents and learning ; and, in testimony of respect and gratitude, elected him Warden or Master of Balliol College or Hall, as it was then called. In the early part of 1361, he was presented by his College to the valuable Rectory of Fillingham in Lincolnshire, which he afterwards exchanged for Ludgershall in Buckinghamshire, that he might be within a few miles of his numerous friends in the University. In the year 1365 Simon de Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, appointed him Warden of Canterbury Hall, now occupied by the Canterbury Quadrangle of Christ Church. In 1367 he defended Edward III. in refusing to pay Pope Urban the tribute which had been claimed ever since it was exacted from the weak King John. Wycliffe wrote with such ability, and used
* Vol. i. p. 206; Baber, p. 11.
C3
XX PREFACE.
such convincing arguments^ as to prove, beyond any future doubt, the illegality of the claim. The See of Rome was silent but indignant, ' looking' upon Wycliffe with a jealous eye, as the cause of the defeat. In England this defence increased the fame of its author, and procured for him the favourable regard of the Duke of Lancaster and both Houses of Parliament. Edward III. had previously made him one of his Chaplains.
In 1372 Wycliffe was gratified by obtaining the chief desire of his heart, the election to the Professorship of Divinity. His whole life had been spent in preparing himself for the faithful discharge of the duties devolving on the Divinity Professor. Being elevated to a Professorship, which enabled him to diffuse with authority that light which had already beamed on his own mind, he used great judgment in his lectures and in the theological discussions over which he presided. His experi- ence taught him that deep-rooted principles and old customs must be treated with a gentle hand. His heart was filled with piety towards God and love to man, which were always manifested by his unaffected simplicity of manner, in language as plain and expressive as it was elegant. His lectures always attracted a large audience, as he was ever more desirous of correcting error by the statement of truth, than by direct and personal attacks. When he had felt his way, and had obtained numerous supporters in the University, the majority of whom read and studied the Scriptures not only critically but practically; with such friends, he threw off all reserve and spoke of vital religion, the religion of the heart with its practical results, and the best means of promoting them amongst the people. His lectures and sermons were full of the Scriptures, forming short treatises on Divinity, worthy of the Oxford Professor. He entertained a deep conviction, that the only way of promoting vital and practical religion in the mass of the population, was by giving them the Word of God in their own tongue. He had, therefore, for some time been engaged in translating the Scriptures into English, from the Latin Vulgate, the authorised version of the Church of that day. Many of his most able and faithful friends assisted him in this holy work. While he was increasing in Christian knowledge, and imparting it to the common people, as well as to those numerous students of the University who attended his Lectures for the acquisition of that scriptural knowledge, which would enable them to discharge faithfully the duties of parish Priests throughout the whole land, — his reputation, his piety and worldly prosperity went hand in hand. His past services to the crown were rewarded in 1374^ by his being presented
WYCLIFFE^S DEATH. xxi
to the valuable Rectory of Lutterworth, As ecclesiastics were generally the best educated men of that time^ and therefore well prepared to assist in state affairs,, WyclifFe was employed by the Government as a Diplomatist in several embassies. The See of Rome could not forg-et the rebuke and victory of Wycliffe. Thoug-li silent^ Rome was ever watchful for an oppoi-tunity of crushing the successful opponent. Wycliffe and his friends went on^ with great zeal and energy^ in their work of translating and disseminating the Seriptm-es. As his knowledge of revelation in- creased, and his view of divine truth was cleared, he manifested greater decision and fully declared his religious opinions. When his friends, who had supported him from motives of state policy, saw that his govern- ing principle was scriptural truth, they forsook him. The See of Rome seized the opportunity, and annoyed and persecuted him ; but opposition could not retard his work.
This brief notice must not be lengthened by entering into details : it is only necessary to state, that Courtney, Archbishop of Canterbury, under the influence of the Church of Rome, with the aid of the Aristoc- racy and the sanction of the timid Richard II., brought a bill into the House of Lords to arrest Wycliffe and his followers, ^' and hold them in " strong prison till they justify themselves according to the law and " reason of Holy Church*.^'' As soon as the Bill had passed the Lords, Courtney endeavoured to carry it into effect. The House of Commons remonstrated upon its illegality, not having passed their house. The Chancellor of the University excused himself by declaring, that his own life and the peace of the University would be endangered, if Wycliffe were taken. To allay the fury of the storm, Wycliffe thought it prudent, in Nov. 1382, to retire to the country. But persecution was so severe and unrelenting, that he was compelled to descend from what had been his throne — his professorial chair, and to leave the University for ever. He sought retirement at Lutterworth, where, despite all opposition and persecution, he fearlessly wrote in defence of his doctrines, and proceeded in his work of completing and revising the translation of the Scriptures, till his death, on the last day of Dec. 1384.
The bitter feeling and hostility of the See of Rome did not end with Wycliffe^s death, but by a decree of the Council of Constance his remains were disinterred in 1428, then burnt and the ashes cast into the Swift, a streamlet whicb runs by Lutterworthf. But Wycliffe lives, and ever
* Gibson's Codex Jur. Eccles. Anglican, p. 399.
t See Life of Wycliffe by Foxe, 1610 : Lewis, 1720 : Baber, 1810 : Le Bas, 1823 : Tytler, 1826: Vaughan, 1845.
xxii PREFACE.
will live in tlie hearts and affections of the Ang-lo-Saxon race, as tlie first translator of the whole of the Scriptures into English.
As Oxford was the chief scene of Wyclifie^s literary enjoyment and fame, the home of his heart, a retreat which he always sought with pleasure and left with regret, it is gratifying to know that Oxford has raised an imperishahle monument to Wycliffe^s memory by publishing, at its own expense, the splendid edition in 4 vols. 4to. of
" The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, with the Apoc- ryphal Books, in the earliest English Versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John Wycliffe and his Followers ; edited by the Rev. Josiah Forshall, F.E.S. etc., late Fellow of Exeter College, and Sir Frederic Madden, K.H. F.R.S. etc., Keeper of the MSS. in the British Museum. Oxford, at the University Press 1850."
This is one of the best, most laborious, and accurate editions of any early English author I have ever seen. The editors have examined and described 170 MSS., and selected and most carefully printed two of the best in parallel columns, the first written before 1390, and the second before 1420. The Prologues and every available and desirable information have been given. A very excellent and ample Glossary is appended to the 4th vol. Altogether, this edition is the work of sound and ripe scholars, — an honour to the University of Oxford and their press, as well as to the literary veterans, the editors. All must acknow- ledge with them, that *^'they have spared neither time nor pains to render their work complete ;" especially when it is known, that " A considerable portion of their time, during nearly twenty-two yearSj has been spent in accomplishing their task.^'' — ^ref. p. xxxviii.
Our text of WyclifFe's Gospels is founded upon the first version given in this Oxford edition of 1850, collated with the original MS. in the Bodleian, No. 369 of the Douce Collection, This MS. is written on vellum, in large fol. 2 cols. flf. 486 [429 bis], consisting of two distinct MSS., both imperfect. The first is written with marginal corrections throughout, in three diflcreut hands, all before 1390*. The second part of the volume, from fol. 251 to the end, containing the Text of our Gospels, is written about the same time as the former, that is before 1390, say the preceding year 1389, the date I have adopted. A facsimile of this MS., Matt. vi. 14, 15, is given in the plate facing the Title. Sir F. Madden says, in Pref. p. xxi., that " the version described .... is to a greater or less degree the work of Wycliffe ; that it is the earliest transla- tion of the whole Bible in the English language, admits of no reasonable doubt." * Sir F. Madden's Pref. p. 1. No. 87.
TYNDALE. xxiii
Editions of Wyeliffe. — The numbers I. II. and III. were fi-om the text before 1420, adopted as the later text in the Oxford edition of 1850.
I. The New Testament of Wyeliffe was first printed in folio, London 1731, by the Rev. John Lewis, Minister of Margate, Kent, with a short Glossary or Explanation of the old and obsolete words in Dr. Wycliffe's Translation. The text was taken from two MSS., one of which was his own [now, 1850, Sir F. Madden states, in the Bodleian, Gough, Eccl. Top. 5] and the other the property of Sir Edward Deering, Bart., now, 1850, of the Very Rev. Wm. Conybeare, dean of Llandaff.
II. The Rev. Henry Baber, M. A., republished in 4to., London 18 10, a reprint of the preceding with the following additions, which are very valuable, and deserve the attention of every scholar. "A short memoir of the Life, Opinions and Writings of Dr. Wyeliffe : an historical account of the Saxon and English versions of the Scriptures which have been made previous to the fifteenth Century. The Glossary of Lewis at the end of the vol. is corrected and considerably enlarged." (p. v.)
III. The New Testament in the same version as that published by the Rev. John Lewis was again published in 1841, from a MS. then belonging to H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex, [now, 1850, in the collection of the earl of Ashburnham,] by Messrs. Bagster, in the English Hexapla, 4to. Lond. 1841.
IV. When the 4to. edition of 1850 was commenced, Sir F. Madden says, — Pref. p. i. note ^ — "No part of the earlier of the two versions before 1390 had ever been printed, with the exception of the Song of Solomon, given by Dr. Adam Clarke in his commentary on the Bible, [8 vols. 4to. Lond. 1810-25,] from a MS. in his own library," [now Brit. Mus. Eg. 618, 619].
V. In 1848, the New Testament in the earlier version, was printed by Mr. Lea Wilson, from a MS. in his own possession, [now, 1850, in the hands of the earl of Ashburnham,] under the title The New Testament in English, translated hy John Wyeliffe, circa MCCCLXXX. etc. 4to. Lond.
TYNDALE. — The mind cannot be fettered by man^ however power- ful. We yearn for freedom of heart and soul. All the gifts of God are as free as the light of the sun. So is the light of his divine revela- tion free to all. By the light of the divine word man sees and knows the truths and the truth makes him free*. Free from the thraldom of
evil and to do good. His freedom is not for selfishness^ dissension and
strife^ but for order, harmony and truth. At particular times, we see a man raised up, whose love for truth is so great, that it frees him from all fear of evil and even from the fear of death, when put in competition
* "Ye shall know the truth, and \r) aX^fjeeia ih^vdepditTei iifias] the truth shall make you free." St. John viii. 32.
xxiv PREFACE.
with truth. Such was William Tyndale, as will be seen by a few par- ticulars of his life. William Tyndale, the second of three sons of John Tyndale of Hunt^s Court, iii the parish of North Nibley, in Gloucester- shire, is said to have been born there about the year 1484. He descended from Hug"h Baron de Tyndale. At an early ag-e he was sent to Oxford. John Foxe tells us, Wm. Tyndale '' was broug-ht up from a child in the University of Oxford, where he by long- continuance g'rew up and in- creased, as well in the knowledge of tongues and other liberal arts ; as specially in the knowledge of the Scriptures, whereunto his mind was singularly addicted ; insomuch that he read privily to certain students and fellows of Magdalen College some parcel of divinity. His manners and conversation were such that all, who knew him, reputed and esteemed him to be a man of most virtuous disposition and of life un- spotted. Thus he in the University of Oxford, increasing more and more in learning, and proceeding in degrees of the schools, spying his time, removed from thence to the University of Cambridge. ^^ He pro- bably went to Cambridge with the view of profiting by the instruction of Erasmus, who lectured on the Greek language in that University, from 1509 till the beginning of 1514. At Cambridge he formed an acquaintance with a young and diligent student, John Frith, who after- wards assisted him in his translation of the New Testament. It must have been about 15 18, in his thirty-fourth year, when, as Foxe tells us, Tyndale " had made his abode a certain space now further ripened in the knowledge of God-'s word, leaving that University also, he resorted to one Maister Welch, a knight of Gloucestershire, and was there school- maister to his children, and in good favour with his maister.^^ This was Sir John Welch, of Little Sodbury, at whose house Tyndale held many disputes on religious subjects -svith the clerical dignitaries of the neigh- boui'hood, who frequented Sir John^s table. This brought him into so much danger, that he deemed it prudent to leave the country and go to London.
It is difficult to fix the time of his ordination ; we only know that, after preaching at St. Dunstan^s in the West the same earnest and pi-actical sermons delivered in the country, he attempted to obtain the patronage of Tonstall, Bishop of London, by sending his translation of the Attic Greek Orator, Isocratcs. He was unsuccessful, as the Bishop^s palace was full; but an eminent merchant, Humfrcy Monmouth, a favourer of Luther, admitted him into his house ; and when Tyndale " understode at the laste, not only that there was no rowme in my lorde of london's palace to translate the new testament, but also that there
TYNDALE^S NEW TEST. 1526. xxv
was no place to do it in all enghnde," [Prol. to Pentateueli, ^SS'^i] l^e determined to g-o to Germany. His friend Monmouth settled upon him an annuity of ten pounds_, about .^150 of our money^ and paid his passage that he might live abroad and finish his translation of the New Testament from Greek into Eng-lish. He is said to have gone to Witten- berg to confer with Luther^ who published in 1522 his first edition of his New Testament in German. Tyndale and his friend John Frith were driven from place to place, till at last they settled in the free imperial city of Worms on the Rhine, where Tyndale^s first edition of the New Testament was printed at the end of 1525 or in the early part of 1526, in very small octavo.
The beautiful facsimile edition of Mr. Francis Fry, F.S.A., has been noticed and the full title given in the notes on Tyndale's translation*. He has taken so much pains to acquire accurate information, as to the printer, the place and the date of this first edition of Tyndale's New Testament, that I gladly refer to his satisfactory introduction, illustrated by facsimiles. I have only room for a very brief summary. Peter Schoffer on becoming a Lutheran, found it necessary to leave Mayence, and to settle in the free city of Worms in 1512. Fourteen works printed by Schoffer from 1518 to 1529, seven of which have the imprint Worms, have been carefully compared with the capital letters, the three sizes of type, the woodcut of St. Paul, and the numerals used in the New Testa- ment of Tyndale, and they perfectly accord. Not only the type, but the length of the lines and their nvunber in each page, are exactly the same in the two German editions of the Prophets as in Tyndale's Testament. The water-mai'ks in the paper are also the same. If then the same type, the length and the number of lines in a page, the same woodcut and water-mark are foimd in the other works of Schoffer, printed at Worms, as in Tyndale's New Testament of 1526, can there be any reasonable doubt that it was printed at Worms by Peter Schoffer, corroborated as this inference is by the Lutheran profession of Schoffer, and the residence of Tyndale at Worms 1 There is not any date in the Testament ; but, as Cochlseus caused Tyndale to flee to Worms in the middle of 1525, and the Testament was printed there immediately after, we may conclude it was published by the end of that year, or the beginning of the next, as it was sold in Oxford "before the 7th of Feb. 1526!."
There is an imperfect copy of Tyndale's New Testament of 1526 in the Library of St. Paul's Cathedral. The only copy known to exist, perfect from the beginning of St. Matt, to the end of Revelation, is in the Baptist's College, Bristol. Of this Bristol copy, Mr. Fry has taken a very correct facsimile, which was made on tracing paper, transferred to stone, and printed. The
* Notes, p. 584. + Anderson's Annals of the English Bible, vol. i. p. 93.
xxvi PREFACE.
whole lithograplilc impression consists of one Inindred and seventy-seven copies, of which twenty-six are in 4to.
Our g-ratitude is due to the free city of WormSj for the protection of Tyndale, while printing the first edition of his New Testament. In Eng-land^s days of darkness and persecution^ on the false plea of relig-ion, which, when pure, and under the mild and sympathizing influence of the Gospel, abhors tyranny, we are deeply indebted to Hamburg and other free cities of Germany ; and, in after times of still greater gloom, to Holland and Switzerland for their friendly reception and protection of our refugee countrymen, when their lives were imperilled at home, for conscientiously adhering to those truths which they had learned from the Scriptures. In these free cities and states, our countrymen were received as brethren, with honour, — their talents and learning acknow- ledged, and their works printed and published. Though Tyndale had the reputation of being well versed in modern as w^ell as ancient lan- guages, we should not have known the extent of his lingual acquire- ments, nor whether the first impression of his New Testament was large or small, if the following facts in the year 1526 had not been re- corded, by the friendly hand of a foreigner, in the diary of Spalatinus, secretary of Frederic, the elector of Saxony, and supporter of Luther. Von Busche, Professor of Hebrew in the University of Marburg, a per- sonal friend of Tyndale, " told us that six thousand copies of the New Testament in the English language had been printed at Worms ; and that this translation had been made by an Eng'lishman, sojourning there with two other natives of England, who was so skilled in seven lan- guages, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spianish, English, and German, that whichever he might be speaking, you would think it to be his native tongue"^. ■'^
The quarto translation with notes, partly printed at Cologne, was finished at Worms in 1526, as well as the very small octavo already described. The Dutch booksellers found such ready sale for Tj^ndale's translation, that they issued several editions, \tithout any correction or supervision of the translator, who is supposed to have gone to Hamburg after 1526 to obtain the best Hebrew criticism, from the learned Jews in that city, and to correct what he had translated of the Old Testament by the original Hebrew. There he met with Miles Coverdale, who assisted him in translating the five books of Moses into English, printed
* Schelliornii Amcenitates Literarise, torn. iv. p. 431. Exceri)ta qusedam e diario Geo. Spalatini.
TYNDALE^S MARTYRDOM. xxvii
by the Hamburg press in 1530. Tyndale^s English version of Jonah issued from the same press in 1531. We next hear of Tyndale at Ant- werp^ where he found a faithful friend in Thomas Poyntz^ an English merchant, who cordially received him into his house. While residing in this respected family, besides preaching to the English residents, he most carefully revised his translation of the New Testament, and in 1534, after the lapse of eight years, published it with this title : — •
The Newe Testament, djlygeutly corrected and compared with the Greke by Willyam Tindale : and fynesshed in the yere of oure Lorde God anno M.D. and XXXIIII. in the moneth of ISTouember. — Then follows. " W. T. vnto the Eeader. Here thou hast (moost deare reader) the New Testament, or covenaunt made wyth us of God in Ohristes bloude. Which I have looked over agayne (now at the last), with all dylygence, and compared it vnto the Greke, and have weded-oute of it many fautes, which lacke of helpe at the begynninge and oversyght dyd sowe therin."
Tyndale's translation of the Scriptures had been denounced by pnblic authority in England ; and, by an imperial decree promulgated at the diet of Augsburg in 1530, persons accused of heresy could be seized and cast into prison. Those who opposed the reading of the Scriptures in the language of the people were enraged when they saw the increased supply of the English version ; and, availing themselves of the imperial decree, they employed secret influence and agency for the capture of Tyndale. Henry Philips was sent to Antwerp, who, under the guise of friendship, inveigled him from the house of Pojmtz in August 1535, and then delivered him into the hands of the officers, sent to apprehend him as a denounced heretic. Tyndale was at once conveyed to the Castle of Vilvoord, about eighteen miles from Antwerp. Though great efforts were made for his liberation, they were all ineffectual ; for, after being confined in prison more than a year, he was brought to trial ; and " at last," says Foxe, " he was condemned by virtue of the Emperor^s decree, made in the assembly at Augsburg ; and upon the same brought forth to the place of execution ; was there tied to a stake ; and then first strangled by the hangman, and afterward with fire consumed, in the morning [* of October 6th], at the town of Vilvoord, in the year 1536, when he was about the age of fifty-two. Thus much of William Tyndale, who, for his notable pains and travail, may be worthily called an apostle of England."
* The date in Foxe's Calendar. See Walter's Biographical Notice, p. Ixxiv, prefixed to the Works of Tyndale, 8vo. 1848.
xxviii PREFACE.
Though Henry VIII did not appeal- to have any connection with carrying into effect this arbitrary, unjust and ci'uel decree, Tyndale earnestly and with a loud voice prayed at the stake — " Lord ! open the King of England's eyes \" — The prayer of the dying martyr was heard; for, before the close of 1536, the first volume of the Holy Scriptures in English ever printed in this country, the folio edition of the "^New Testament, issued from the press of the king's own printer, with the name of William Tyndale on the* title. Nay more, when what is generally called Matthew's Bible was published in 1537, the king gave his royal " Licence that the same ma}' be sold, and read of every person, without " danger of any act, proclamation, or ordinance heretofore granted to " the contrary." This Bible received its designation from the name of Thomas INIatthew being given on the title-page. It was chiefly a repub- lication of Tyndale's version ; but those parts of the Old Testament, which he did not live to translate, were taken from Covei'dale's Bible of 1535. The New Testament of Tjaidale had been in circulation for eleven years ; and it was the best translation and popular, because the language was familiar to the people. Some of the Prologues and notes of Tyndale had been introduced into Matthew's Bible, and given offence and raised opposition. To remove these objections Archbishop Cranmer, with the king's sanction, proposed the publication of the whole Bible without note or comment. He had the translation of Tyndale copied, and sent in portions to the Bishops for their correction, and then to be returned to him for his final revision. This version was published in 1539, and is known as Cranmer' s, or the Great Blhle, the first that was authorized " to be sett up in summe conven^^ent place within the churche, whereat the parishners may rede yt." The Great Bible was the authorized version in the reign of Henry and Edward; and, after the death of Mary, it was authorized by Elizabeth, and continued in general use till superseded by the revised edition of 1568 under the superintendence of Archbishop Parker, assisted by the most learned Bishops, hence called the Bishops' Blhle. The first rule, recommended by King James I. in the preparation of our present authorized version of 161 1, was this, — " The ordinary Bible read in the Church, commonly called the Bishops' " Bible, to be followed, and as little altered as the original will permit." From this very brief detail, it appears that our present English Version was based upon the Bishops' Bible of 1568, and that upon Cranmer's of 1539, which was a new edition of Matthew's Bible of 1537, partly from Coverdale of 1535, but chiefly from Tyndale; in other wordsj that our * A copy is in the Bodleian.
ESTIMATION OF TYNDALE'S VERSION, xxix
present authorized translation is mainly that of Tyndale, made from the original Hebrew and Greek. It has stood the test of the severest criticism, from his last revision to the present time, without material alteration ; because Tyndale, having- a critical knowledge of Hebrew and Greek and deep Christian experience, caught the very spirit of the original, and gave the impression of it in plain, idiomatic English, His style is easy, correct and vigorous. His translation of the New Testa- ment is a fine specimen of our language, in what may be called the first stage of maturity. It is the foundation of our standard translation, which is also the standard of our language. He avoids Latin derivatives, and generally uses indigenous words, the strong and expressive Saxon terms, known by all the people. In this respect our version happily follows him. Tyndale translates ti]v aydirriv rod 0eou, Lk, xi. 42, t/ie love of God, which our established version has adopted; but Wycliffe has the charite of God, from the Vulgate charitatem Lei. Our translators seldom depart from Tyndale, but when they do, in a particular word, the spirit of the passage is often lost; for instance, in i Cor. xiii. 13, Tyndale has, — Nowe abideth fayth, hope and love, even these thre ; hut the chefe of these is love [?; dya-TTTj]. Love is divine affection in the sonl,for God is love [on 6 0eos ayaTij] eoriy] . Faith in the Saviour is the. foimdation of good works, hojje raises the superstructure, and love completes and crowns it in eternity. Faith works by love, and love is the fidfilling of the law \-!:X-{\p(i>\ia vofjLov rj dya7r?j]. The perfection of a good work is, that it springs from love. Every Christian knows this to be his ruling prin- ciple. We have an illustration of it in filial love. How different is the feeling and conduct of an affectionate child from that of a servant ! The child, influenced by love, is unwearied in attention, and the only hope is an increase of mutual affection ; while the servant^s constraining principle is naturally the hope of material wages. Thus, while Christian love is the constraining princij)le of action here, and the fulfilling of the law, when our present faith is lost in sight, and hope in enjoyment, this aydirr] will continue, and increase throughout eternity. — Now, if this be the .literal and true meaning of St. PauFs Greek, let love be substituted for charity, wherever it occurs in i Cor. xiii., as it is in Tyndale 1526, fol- lowed by Coverdale 1535, Matthew 1537, Archbishop Cranmer 1539, and Parker 1568, — and there can be little doubt that love is more in accordance with the scope of the chapter than charity, and that Tyndale's last clause, — the chefe of these is love, is far better than the Vulgate major horum est charitas, or than Wycliffe's, — tlie moost of thes is charite, or even than our version, — the greatest of these is charity.
XXX PREFACE.
Before I close my Preface, I must have the pleasure of alluding to the friendly assistance I have received in the preparation and printing- of these Gospels. First, and most of all, I am deeply indebted to George Waring, Esq., M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Mag- dalen Hall, Oxford, whose contributions to Anglo-Saxon philology as editor, for the Surtees Society, of the Liudisfurne and Rushworth Glosses, are already before the public. Many years ago the text of the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon Gospels had been very carefully transcribed, and the Anfflo-Saxon collated with the oldest and best MSS. The final revision had been long deferred in consequence of other pressing engagements and failing sight, till all impediments were removed in the early part of 1864 by my friend, who made an arrangement with the Publisher to take the responsibility of preparing my transcript for the press, and
seeing it accurately printed : of harmonizing the division of verses,
and the punctuation of the Gothic, Anglo-Saxon, and the translation of Tyndale with Wycliffe and our authorized version : and of regulating, as far as possible, the accents, which indicate the long sound of the Anglo-Saxon vowels over which they are placed. The accent on diphthongs is here omitted, except when found in the MSS., as it was not employed by Dr. Grimm and others to denote the length of the vowel, but merely to indicate the etymological origin of the accented vowel. Every accent in the Anglo-Saxon text, therefore, denotes tlie long sound of the vowel over which it is placed, and the diphthongs eo, ea, etc. are accented exactly as in B. or in C.
As the simplicity of Anglo-Saxon accentuation lias frequently been ovei'- looked, or involved in a complicated system, it will tend to remove false im- pressions, and to make the matter clear, by recollecting that the Anglo-Saxons only used one accent, which always indicated the long sound of the vowel over which it was placed. Our complicated system of English vowels arose from the Norman scribes, who first confused the Anglo-Saxon accents, and then attempted to supply their place by a multiplicity of vowels, which we ha\e adopted, as will be seen by the following examples : — Cwen a cween, fct feet, ges geese, etc. : — Dic'a dike, lie like, liin lime, win wine, etc. : — Buc a hook, for fore, before, god good, gos a goose, etc. : — Dii thou, hu how, hus a house, mus a mouse, etc. : — Bryd a bride, if r fire, mys mice. In all these instances the Anglo-Saxon is quite plain and consistent, expressing the same sound by the same accented vowel, while the English employs different vowels for the same purpose, as in cween, geese ; — good, goose, fore ; — thou, how, house, and mo?tse. The greatest complication of vowels is seen in our expression of the long open sound of 0, heard in no and bone. We use oe, oa, and 0 with a silent final e,
ANG.-SAX. ACCENTS: AND p, D. xxxi
while the Anglo-Saxons, iu all cases, merely accented the a, as, — Da a doe, fa a /oe, ta a toe, etc. — Bat a boat, ac an oa^, fam foam, etc. — Ban a bone, stan a stone, etc. This superabundant employment of English vowels is troublesome to natives, and most perplexing to foreigners. On the contrary, the Anglo- Saxon system of accenting the long, vowels is plain and definite. Mr. Waring has been guided by these general principles in accenting the Anglo-Saxon, but Gothic words have not been accented, because not a single accent has been found in Cod. Arg. Every possible care has, however, been taken to secure the greatest verbal accuracy in the Gothic and Anglo-Saxon texts, as well as in the other two.
I believe Mr. Waring has exerted himself to the uttermost to fulfil his engagement^ and I have devoted a far longer time to the work than I anticipated would be at my disposal. Neither labour nor expense has been spared, when either could be profitably employed to benefit the work. I have_, therefore, not only willingly assisted in preparing the MS. for the press, collated the B text with the C, but I have carefully read over every proof twice and the revise once, after being read in the same manner by Mr. Waring, and by a friend ; every sheet has, therefore, been carefully read over at least nine times.
Mr. Waring suggested and superintended the placing of |j and d, or the hard and soft sound of our modern th, as they are used in all parts of England at the present day. Though in our numerous provincial Dialects almost every letter has a diversity of sounds, I believe there is greater uniformity in the hard and soft sound of our th, — the Anglo-Saxon ]? and d, — than in any other letters. As the true archaism of our good old English and its nervous energy are retained in the provincial Dialects of our Island*, I have no doubt the original and genuine hard and soft sounds of the Anglo-Saxon )> and d have been transmitted to us by the secluded peasantry of our I'ural districts, and confii'med by those educated in our Universities and towns. The only way then of recovering the right sound of }> and d, and of correctly applying these characters in writing and printing Anglo-Saxon, is to adopt the true English sound of these letters. If the two distinct sounds of our modern th have been faithfully conveyed to us, we only ascend to Anglo-Saxon times and re-adopt their rational system by using their two distinct characters for these two distinct sounds. The Norman scribes could not distinguish between the hard and soft sound of {> and d ; they therefore, in writing Anglo- Saxon, confounded them, using the one or the other without any apparent distinction. Some scribes only employed S or d, which is the same letter
* See Origin of the English and Germanic Languages, part iii. § 19, p. 26.
xxxii PREFACE.
in a modified form, as in the Rushwortli Gloss, which discards the use of [> altogether in St. Mark, Luke, and John. Hence the th for both sounds in modern English, to the confusion of foreigners. Our present printed Anglo- Saxon text, indicating the true, the distinct hard and soft sound of th by \ and fJ, will be a great assistance to foreigners, in showing the correct pronunciation of th, in English words cognate with the Anglo-Saxon.
The hard, sharp, or acute sound of the English th in th\\\ and sooth, is represented by the Anglo-Saxon p and J) ; the soft, flat, or grave sound of TH in THine and sooTHe is represented by D, d or 6.
For ascertaining the hard and soft sound of th, equally applicable to English and Anglo-Saxon, are given the following general
Rules.
I. The hard, sharp or acute p or )', is used in the beginning of all words, not pronominal, as J)incan to ^7«nk, |)in thm.
a. And at the end of radical and inflectional terminations, as baej) a ba^A, clajj clo<7i, so)) sooth, J)inc)) think&th. Except wid wIth, etc.
6. And sometimes when th is preceded or followed by a consonant, as embj)encan to tKxvik about ; ejmes easiness ; jjritig thniy.
II. The soft, flat or grave D, d or S is used in the beginning of all pronouns and of all words derived from pronouns, as dajt THat ; de THe ; dajslic like this, danoune inence, dterdter THere.
a. Also often between two vowels, as badu baTHS, badian to baTHe, cladum with cloTHes.
These Rules are in perfect accordance with those given in our best works on orthoepy.
In the printing- department, we have had the most wilUng assistance and co-operation from all engaged in the work at the University Press, to whom our thanks are due.
To the Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, Dr. Pulling, to the Eev, Henry Octavius Coxe, M. A., Librarian, and to the Assistant- Librarians of the Bodleian, Oxford, I am greatly indebted, for the most ready and friendly assistance, in the consultation and use of MSS. under their care. Though I had carefully collated the whole of the Bene't, or Corpus MS. of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels, with my own copy, in 1832, and examined it again in 1841, I have frequently had to consult it since 1850. While the stringent regulations, made by Archbishop Parker, for the preservation of the MSS. and printed books left to Corpus Christi College, Camhridg-c, have been observed, the Master, Dr. Pulling, and the Fellows of the College, have had tlie happy art
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF ASSISTANCE.
xxxm
of giving every facility, in so friendly a manner as to avoid the least appearance of conferring a favour. The same may be said of Dr. Guest, Master of Caius College, who has most kindly removed doubts by consulting the MS. My best and most willing acknowledgments are due to the Rev. J. E. B. Mayor, M.A., Librarian of the University of Cambridge, and to Henry Bradshaw, Esq., M.A., Fellow of King's College, for their ready assistance in procuring a Grace of the Senate to take out of the Library one of their treasures, the MS. of the Anglo-Saxon Gospels. I have, therefore, had the great advantage of the um-estrained possession and use of this MS. for reference, during the time the Anglo-Saxon text has been passing through the Oxford. University Press.
Oxford; June 21th, 1865.
J. B.
THE CHIEF CONTRACTIONS,
a, after a nnmber, denotes the right hand page, redo ; and b, the left hand page, verio,
a indicates the first word in a verse, t=2, c=3, d=i etc. to 2=26: ab denote words 1 and 2, aJ=3 and 4: a-d denote the words from 1 to 4, both inclusive : dd indicate a double alphabet, i. e. 26 letters of one alphabet, and d=i of the next. or 26 + 4=30, the nnmber of the word in the verse. Thus, in Notes, p. 571, col. ?• 15«=chap. V. verse 15 ; «=5, the fifth word in verse 15.
Arg. or Arg. v. Cod. Arg.
A. S. Anglo-Saxon.
B The Bene't or Corp. Christi MS. v. Pref. p. xlii. 4 1.
b, V. a. h, V. a.
0 The Cambridge MS. v. Pref. p. liil.
{U. Cast. Mai. Count Castiglione and An-
gelo Mai, v. Notes, p. 571 : v, 8 and
vii. 28e. Ood. Arg. Codex Argenteus, v. Pref.
p. iv-ii. Cod. Aug. Codex Augustinius Bodl. D.
2.11. Col. Column.
Corp. Corpus Christi CoJJ. Camb. v. B, Cot. Cotton, v. Pref. p. xiv. { iii. D. 2. U, V. Cod. Aug. ete. or etc, et oaetera. Fol. or foL folio or leaf. 3 =£7, gh and y. Gab. lab. Gabelentz and Lflbe, v. Pret.
p. viii, 5 vii. Grk. Greelc.
H. or Hat. The Hatten MS. v. Pref. p. xv.
i. e. id est.
Jn. St. John's Gospel.
Lb. St. Luke.
Mass. Massman, v. Pref. p. ix. } i.
Mk. St. Mark.
Mt. St. Matthew.
0. The Oxford MS. v. Pref. p. xvi. ; vi.
Bl. Koyal MS. v. Pref. p. xv. } v.
Bosh, or Boshw. Eushworth, v. Pref. p. xvi.
Skeir. Skeireins, v. Pref. p. viii. } vi.
Upps. UppstrSm's Cod. Arg. 4to. Upp- sala 1854-18.57, V. Notes, p. 570.
Upps. Frag. Goth. v. Notes, p. 570.
V. vide, see.
Vet. Ital. The Old Italic Version, \. Pref. p. xi.
w. wanted or omitted in MSS.
xxxlv THE GOTHIC FACSIMILE A.*
M^. n N T e 9 A^ Ai Af^^STitpM A^^N Am
MD. UNTE YABAI AFLETIp MANNAM xliv. Enim si remittitis hominibus
Ml S S ^d^ed^Itl Si Xe ' /»ip\GTl^g/<.h
MISSADEDINS IZE, AFLETIp YAH
transgressiones eorum, remittit et
i'xvisATTA'i'XvAKSAni^AKhiMiNA^
IZWIS ATTA IZWAR SA UFAR HIMINAM. vobis pater vester o super coelis.
i* tp 9 Ak A I N I A )^ A 6 T n|> M An N A M M I s
Ip YABAI NI AFLETIp MANNAM MIS- Autem si non remittitis hominibus trans-
S /idLGd^Itl S'i'ZG'tll^ ^n ^TT'/i'i X
SADEDINS iZE, NI pAU ATTA I Z-
gressiones eorum, neque pater • ves-
VAKAJ^AGTupMissA^G^iNSixyA
WAR AFLETIp MISSADEDINS IZWA- ter remittit transgressiones vest-
•MG- ]<.^S: A^^AwBitpej^ASTAi^'HiyAiK
ME. ROS. AppAN BIpE FASTAIp, NI WAIR- xlv. tras. Autem quum jejiinatis, non fia-
Matt. vi. 14-16, V. Alphabet, p. xxxvi. ANGLO-SAXON, THE BENE'T OR CORP. MS. B.f
nnn^e! ac alyy ur o^: y^e'le yo|?lice'; pico'^licc' ^yr
co5?-nnnge, ac alys us of yfele soJ?lice. Witodlice gyf iemip-tation, hut loose us from evil. Amen. Verily, if
5ef 'foy.^yya'S mannu Hy]ia rynna ])oh i:o)t ^^y}^ ge forgyfad mannuin liyra synna poniie for gyf p ye forgive men their sins, then forgiveth
e'ope]! y^ lie'o):enlica yct'Cicyi doy doy^e! ^ylrar; eower se heofenlica fseder eow eowre gyltas. your I heavenly father you, your guilt.
Gyj 5^^ yo'S lied ne yoy.^Yya^ mannu. ne! e!oycn yet
Gyi ge sodlice ne forgyfad mannum, ne eower fee- If ye soothly forgive not men, neither your fa-
t)eji ne yo^^y^ doy e!oyy.d v-ynna ; der ne forp-yfd eow eowre synna.
,7 ^ • ^7 • f Matt. VI. 1^-15.
mer jorgiveth you, your sins. \ pref p xiii
THE ANGLO-SAXON FACSIMILE C. || xxxv
on coyzn\in^€- ac alyy viy oy: y^def. ro'Slic^' "pirotjlice'
on costnunge, ac alys us of yfele. sodlice. Witodlice 51^ ^d yo'p.^iya'^ mannn Ke'Djia yynna- |?onn€^ ^o|i gif ge forgifad mannum heora synna, ]?omie for- 5i|:e^ efopeji yc; Heo|:enlica ycfbcy, doy e'orjte' 51I- gifed eower se heofenlica feeder eow eowre gil- zay ^ly ^ef yoMicef n€f yo|i5i|:a<5' mannv,- n€ doycy, tas. gif ge sodlice ne forgifad mannum, ne eower ycx^Xicy, nd yoy. ^fy'S c'op doyye! rynna* C^VY* 5^ byjiatS" f^der ne forgyfd eow eowre synna. Dys gebyrad '"'"'
Matt. vi. 13-15, V. Pref. p. xiii. § ii. WYCLIFFE. D.
yuel amen . )7at is so be it / forso]?e 3if 300 shulen for3eue to men her synnys : & 3oure heuenly fadir. slial for3eue to 30U 3oure trespassis / so ]?ely 3if 5ee shulen for3eue not to men : nei}> 3oure fadir shal for3eue to 30U 3oure synnes. But when 300
Matt. vi. 13-16. Pref. p. xxii.
TYNDALE. E.
tempta-cion . but delyvre vs ffrom yvell / Amen. For ad
yfF yeshall forgeve other men there treaspases /
youre father i heve shal also forgeve you . but ad
' ye wyll not forgeve men there trespases / nomo#
re shall youre father forgeve youre treaspases.
Moreovre when ye faste / be not sad as the jf pocryts are. For they disfigure there faces / that hit myght apere vnto men that they faste. Vere^ ly y say vnto you / they have there rewarde. But thou / whe thou fastest / anoynte thyneheed / ad
Matt. vi. 13-17.
* V. Facsimile facing the Title; and Preface, p. vi. vii. + v. Notes, p. 574, col. I ; and
Preface, p. xiii. J Verbally, the heavenly Father of you. || The Cambridge MS. : v. Preface,
p. xiii. § ii. The verbal English of C is given in the preceding example, marked B. ** The Rubric :
V. the entire Rubric, in Notes, p. 575, col. I. Matt. vi. l6a. The literal English of this Rubric is, This helongeth to the head of the fast on Wednesday.
GOTHIC.
Form Sound Number
|
A |
A |
a |
I |
|
B |
B |
b |
2 |
|
r' |
G |
g |
3 |
|
a. |
D |
d |
4 |
|
6 |
E |
e |
5 |
|
a' |
Q |
q |
6 |
|
X |
Z |
z |
7 |
|
h |
H |
h |
8 |
|
V |
P |
]> |
9 |
|
i,'i |
I |
i |
lO' |
|
K |
K |
.k |
20 |
|
A |
L |
1 |
30 |
|
M |
M |
m |
40 |
|
N |
N |
n |
50 |
|
9' |
Y |
y |
60 |
|
n |
U |
u |
70 |
|
n |
P |
p |
80 |
|
[H] |
90 |
||
|
r^ |
R |
r |
100 |
|
s |
S |
s |
200 |
|
T |
T |
t |
300 |
|
Y« |
W |
w |
400 |
|
P |
F |
f |
500 |
|
X' |
CH |
ch |
600 |
|
O' |
WH wh |
700 |
|
|
^ |
O |
0 |
800 |
NoUs on the Gothic Alphabet.
^ The Gothic alphabet is evidently formed from the Greek. It was first used by Ulphilas about A.D. 360. See Facsimile, and Preface, p. Hi.
' Most of the Gothic letters have the same sound as their English representa- tives ; but, as in Greek so in Gothic, g has always a hard sound, as in give ; and g before another g, or before k, has the sound of n : thus, Lk. i. 11, aggilus, an angel, is pronounced angilus, as the Grk. ^77eA.or : Lk. v. 21, bagkyan, to think, is pronounced thankyan.
^ Is represented by our q sounded as kw, thus qens a wife, Lk. i. 18, is pro- nounced kweens.
* Our indefinite th would have been used, but the A. S. )> was necessary to distinguish i|) from th as separate letters in such words as athaitands, Lk. vii. 19.
* As ya yea, yuk a yoke.
* As oy between two consonants. "> The hard ch as the Grk. x-
^ As in wheila while, whan when ; hw could not be used, as hw occur as separate letters in hwssopo. pronounced hoyssopo, Skeir. p. 179.
MA = ii: kA=2i: Nr=
53: )<.nh = i88: ]:\X = B31
Notes on the Anglo-Saxon Alphabet.
Eng. Ang.-Sax. En^. Ang.-Sax.
Vowels. Vowels. Vowels. Vowels.
h Ja as a in man. fo as o in cock.
\ae'' as ai in mam,
e as e in met.
ffi as ea in meat
e as ee in meet.
as i in wm.
as i in wme.
* D, d, ^ have the sound of tb in th'me and soothe. See p. xxxii.
^ \^, )? have the sound of th in th'm and sooth. See p. xxxii.
Note — The accent, in Anglo-Saxon, indicates the long vowels [see notes b.g and p. xxx] and must not be confounded with syllabic emphasis, or the stress of the voice, which falls upon the chief syllable in a word. This emphasis, in Gothic and Anglo-Saxon, is always upon the first radical syllable of a word, and never upon prefixes, such as a, be, ge, etc.
ANGLO-SAXON.
'^
■ o< a as 0 in coke.
[o as 00 in cook. . Ju as 11 in fuW.
\u as ou in foi^l.
Jy as>' in lyfaj>. ^ ^ [y as > in l_yf life.
|
SA |
a |
A a^ |
|
B |
h |
B b |
|
EC |
c |
C c |
|
D^> |
"D |
D (1 |
|
ee |
ec^ |
E e<= |
|
FF |
r |
F f |
|
EG Hb |
5 K |
G g H h |
|
I |
I |
I i^ |
|
k |
k |
K k |
|
L |
I |
L 1 |
|
COM |
L m |
M m |
|
Nn |
n |
N n |
|
0 |
0 |
0 o« |
|
p Q R SS |
V q r |
P p Q q R r S s |
|
Tr |
z |
T t |
|
a |
u |
U u' |
|
X |
W w X X |
|
|
Y y« Z z Ai ai'' |
||
|
rf' |
that : |
*1 and. |
THE
FOUR GOSPELS.
GOTHIC: ANGLO-SAXON: WYCLIFFE: TYNDALE:
AIWAGGELYO ])airh
MApJjAIU, MARKU, LUKAN,
yah
iOHANNEN :
Translated from THE GREEK,
by
ULPHILAS,
Bishop of
The Moeso-Goths,
between
A. D. 348 and 388,
about
A. D. 360.
BA FEOWER
CRISTES BEG,
on
Engliscum
gereorde :
Translated from the VETUS ITALIGA,
and printed chiefly
from a MS.
written between
A. D. 990 and A. D. 1050 ;
probably about
A. D. 995.
THE
GOSPEL
of
MATHEU,
MARK, LUKE,
and
JOON
in Englische :
Translated from the LATIN VULGATE,
by
JOHN WYCLIFFE, and printed
from
a manuscript,
written
about
A. D. 1389.
THE
GOSPELL of
S. MATHEW, S. MARKE, S. LUKE,
and S. IHON :
Translated from
THE GREEK,
by WILLIAM TTNDALE,
and printed
from
the first edition,
published
in A. D. 1526.
AIWAGGELYO +
|JAIRH
MAPPAIU
HER ONGINNEp
DyET G6DSPELL+
^FTER
MATHEUS GERECEDNYSSE.
7s wanting till Chapter F, 1 5 ; except a/eto verses and fragments of verses, the sources of which are indicated in the notes ^.
^ Jiefcrs to the Chapter and Verse of the Notes at the end of the Volume, helomjing to tJuit Version, and the Word of the Verse after which the t stands.
Chap. I. i Her is on cneonsse boc Hselendes Cristes, Dauides suna, Abra- hames suna.
2 S6|)lice Abraham gestrynde Isaac. Isaac gestrynde lacob. lacob gestrynde ludam and his gebrodra.
3 ludas gestrynde Phares and Zaram, of dam wife de waes genemned Thamar. Phares gestrynde Esrom. Esrom ge- strynde Aram.
4 Aram gestrynde Aminadab. Ami- nadab gestrynde Naason. Naason ge- strynde Sahnon.
5 Salmon gestrynde Booz, of dam wife Raab. Booz gestrynde Obeth, of dam wife Ruth. Obeth gestiynde lesse.
6 lesse gestrynde done cyning Dauid. Dauid cyning gestrynde Salomon, of dam wife de WJBS Urias wif.
7 Salomon gestiynde Roboam. Eoboas gestrynde Abiam. Abia gestiynde Asa.
8 Asa gestrynde losaphath. losaphath gestrynde loram. loras gestiynde Oziam.
9 Ozias gestiynde loatham. loatham gestrynde Achaz. Achaz gestiynde Eze- chiam.
10 Ezechias gestrynde Mannasen. Man- nases gestiynde Anion. Anion ge- strynde losiam.
1 1 losias gestrynde lechoniam and his gebrodru, on Bubilonis geleorednysse.
12 And cefter Babilonys geleorednysse, lechonias gestiynde Salathiel. Salathiel gestrynde Zorobabel.
HEERE BIGYNNETH
THE GOSPEL
OF
M A T H E U.
THE
GOSPELL
OP
S. MATHEW.
Chap. I. i The boke of generacioun of Jhesu Crist, the sone of Dauyd, the sone of Abraham.
2 Abraham gendride''' Ysaac. Ysaac forsothe bigate Jacob. Jacob forsothe bigate Judas and his bretheren.
3 Judas forsothe bigate Phares and Zaram, of Thamar. Phares forsothe bigate Esrom. Esrom forsothe bigate Aram.
4 Aram forsothe bigate Amynadab. Amynadab forsothe bigate Nason. Na- son forsothe bigate Salmon.
5 Salmon forsothe bigate Booz, of Raab. Booz forsothe bigate Obeth, of Ruth. Obeth forsothe bigate Gesse.
6 Jesse forsothe bigate Dauith the kyng. Dauith forsothe kyng bigate Salomon, of that womman that was Uries wi^.
7 Salomon forsothe bigate Roboam. Roboam forsothe bigat Abias. Abias forsothe bigate Asa.
8 Asa forsothe bigate Josophat. Jo- sophat forsothe bigate Joram. Joram forsothe bigate Osias.
9 Osias forsothe bigate Joathan. Jo- athan forsothe bigate Achaz. Achaz forsothe bigate Ezechie.
10 Ezechie forsothe bigate Manasses. Manasses forsothe bigate Amon. Amon forsothe bigate Josias.
1 1 Josias forsothe bigate Jechonyas and his bretheren, in to transmigracyoun of Babiloyne.
12 And after the transmygracyoun of Babiloyne, Jechonias bigate Salatiel. Sa- latiel forsothe bigate Zorobabel.
Chap. I. i Tys is the boke off the generacion off Jhesus Christ, the sonne of David, the sonne also ot Abraham.
2 Abraham begat Isaac. Isaac begat Jacob. Jacob begat Judas and hys brethren.
3 Judas begat Phares and Zaram, off Thamar. Phares begat Esrom. Esrom begat Aram.
4 Aram begat Aminadab. Aminadab begat Naasson. Naasson begat Salmon.
5 Salmon begat Boos, of Rahab. Boos begat Obed, of Ruth. Obed begat Jesse.
6 Jesse begat David the kynge. David the kynge begat Solomon, of her that was the wyfe of Ury.
7 Solomon begat Roboam. Roboam begat Abia. Abia begat Asa.
8 Asa begat Josaphat. Josaphat begat Joram. Joram begat Osias.
9 Osias begat Joatham. Joatham begat Achas. Achas begat Ezechias.
10 Ezechias begat Manasses. Manasses begat Amon. Amon begat Josias.
1 1 Josias begat Jechonias and hys brethren, aboute the tyme of the cap- tivete of Babilon.
12 After they wer ledd captive to Babilon, Jechonias begat Salathiel. Sa- lathiel begat Zorobabel.
GOTHIC, 360.
21 ... ijj gabairi]) sunu, yah haitais namo is lesu ;■'"
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
1 3 Zorobabel gestrynde Abiud. Abiud gcstrynde Eliachim. Eliaohim gestrynde Azor.
14 Azor gestrynde Sadoc. Sadoc ge- strynde Achim. Acbim gestrynde Eliud.
15 Eliud gestrynde Eleazar. Elcazar gestrynde Mathan. Matban gestryude lacob.
16 lacob gestrynde losepb, Marian wer, of dajre wses acenned se Haelend, de is genenined Crist.
17 Eornostlice ealle cneoressa fram Abrabame od Dauid synd feowertyne cneoressa, and fi-am Dauide od Babilo- nis geleorednysse feowertyne cneoressa, and fram Babilonis geleorednesse od Crist feowertyne cneoressa ■*■.
18 S6))lice dus wses Cristes encores. Da dises Hselendes modor, Maria, waes losepe beweddod, ser bi to somne be- comun, beo wses gemet on innode bseb- bende of dam Halcgan Gaste.
19 S6|)lice losep, hyi-e wer, da be wses rihtwis, and nolde hi gewidmsei'sian, be wolde bi diblice forlsetan.
20 Him da sojjlice das \>mg Jjencen- dum, Dribtnes engel on swefnum a^ty wde, and him to cwaij?, losep, Dauides sunu, nelle du ondrsedan Marian, dine gemsec- cean, to onfonne ; dajt on byre acenned ys byt ys of dam Halgan Gaste.
21 Witodlice beo cenj> sunu, and du nemst hys naman Haelend : He s5|>lice hys folc bal gede]) fram byra synnuni.
22 S6j)lice eal dys wa3S geworden, da;t gefylled wsere, dset fram Dribtne ge- cweden wses )jurh done witegan.
23 So]jlice ! seo fseninc ba'fj) on innode, and beo cenjj sunu, and bi nemna]> bis naman Emanubel, da;t ys gerebt on lire gejjcode, God mid us.
24 Da aras losep of swefcnc, and dyde swa Dribtnes engel bim bebead, and be onfeng bys gema;ccean ;
25 And be ne grette bi, [od doetjt beo ccnde byre frum-cennedan sunu, and nemde bys naman Hselend.^
1. 13-25.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
13 Zorobabel forsothe begate Abyut. Abyut forsothe bygate Eliacbim. Elia- chym forsothe bigate Asor.
14 Asor forsothe bigate Sadoc. Sadoc forsothe bygate Achyni. Achym forsothe bygate Elyut.
15 Elyut forsothe bygate Eleasar. Elea- sar forsothe bigate Mathan. Mathan forsothe bigate Jacob.
16 Jacob forsothe bigate Joseph, the husbond of Marie, of whiche Marie Jesus is born, that is clepid Crist.
1 7 And so alle generaciouns from Abra- ham til to Dauith hen fourteue gene- raciouns, and fro Dauith vnto trans- mygracioun of Babiloyne hen fourtene generaciouns, and from the transmygra- cioun of Babiloyne vnto Crist hen four- tene generaciouns.
1 8 Forsoth the generacioun of Crist was thus. Whane Marie, his modir, was spousid to Joseph, bifore that thei shul- den come to gidre, she is foundun hau- ynge in the wombe of the Holy Cost.
19 Joseph forsothe, hir husbond, when he was iust man,'*' and wolde not pup- liche''^ hir, wolde priuyly forsake hire.
20 Sothely hym thenkynge these thingus, lo ! the angel of the Lord ape- ride in sleepe''' to hym, sayinge, Joseph, the sone of Dauyd, nyl thou drede to take Marie, thi ^vyf ; forsothe that thing that is bom in hire is of the Holy Goost.
21 Sothely she shal here a sone, and thou shalt clepe his name Jesus ; for he shal make his peple saif fro her synnes.
2 2 Forsothe al this thing was don, that it shulde be fulfillid, that thing that was seid by a prophete, seiynge,
2 3 Loo ! a virgyne shal haue in wombe, and she shal bere a sone, and his name shal be clepid Emanuel, that is inter- pretid,'*' God with us.
24 Sothely Joseph rysynge vp fi'o sleep, did as the angel of the Lord comaundide hym, and toke his wijf ;
25 And he knewe hir nat, til she had boren hir first bygoten sone, and clepide his name Jhesus.
TYNDALE, 1526. 5
13 Zorobabel begat Abiud. Abiud be- gat Eliachim. Eliachim begat Azor.
14 Azor begat Sadoc. Sadoc begat Achin. Achin begat Eliud.
15 Eliud begat Eleasar. Eleasar be- gat Matthan. Matthan begat Jacob.
1 6 Jacob begat Joseph, the husbande off Mary, of whome was boren that Jhe- sus, which is called Christ.
17 All the generacions from Abraham to David are fowretene generacions, and from David vnto the captivete of Babilon are fowi'tene generacions, and from the captivete of Babilon vnto Christ are also fowrtene generacions.
1 8 The byrthe off Christe was on tliys wyse. When hys mother, Mary, was maryed vnto Joseph, before they cam to dwell togedder, she was founde with chylde by the Holy Goost.
19 Then her husbande, Joseph, beinge a parfect man, and loth to defame her, was mynded to put her awaye secretly.
20 Whill he thus thought, behold ! the angell of the Lord apered vnto him in slepe, sainge, Joseph, the sonne of David, feare not to take vnto the Mary, thy ^yyie ; for that which is conceaved in her is of the Holy Goost.
21 She shall brynge forthe a sonne, and thou shalt call his name Jesus ; for he shall save his people from theire synnes.
22 All thys was done to fulfill that which was spoken of the lorde be the prophet, saynge,
23 Beholde ! a mayde shalbe with chylde, and shall brynge forthe a sonne, and they shall call his name Emanuel, which is as moche to saye be interpreta- cion, as God with vs.
24 Joseph as sone as he awoke out of slepe, did as the angell off the Lorde bade him, and toke hys wyfe vnto hym ;
25 And knewe her not, tyll she had brought forth her fyrst sonne, and called hys name Jesus.
GOTHIC, 360.
ANGLO-SAXON, 995, [St. Matt.
Chap. II. i Eornustlice da se Hselend acenned wses on ludeiscre Bethleem, on dses cyninges dagum Herodes, da comon da tungol-Nvitegan fi-am east-dsele to Hierusalem,
2 And cwcedon, Hwser ys se, ludea cyning de aceuned ys? s5|)lice we ge- sawon hys steorran on east-dsele, and we comon us him to ge-eadmedenne.
3 Da Herodes dset gehyrde da wearjj he gedrefed, and eal Hierosolim-waru mid him.
4 And da gegaderode Herodes ealle ealdras dsera sacerda, and folces wi'iteras, and axode, hwser Crist acenned wsere.
5 Da ssedon hi him, On ludeiscere Bethlem ; witodlice dus ys awriten J)urh done witegan,
6 And du, Bethleem, ludea land, witod- lice ne eart du Isest on luda ealdrum ; of de for))-gEej) se here-toga, se de recjj min folc Israhel.
7 Herodes da clypode on sunder- sprsece da tungel-witegan, and befran hi georne hwseune se steorra him a^teowde.
8 And he asende hi to Bethlem, and dus cwsej?, Fara]), and a,xia)> geornlice be dam cilde, and donne ge hyt gemetaj), cydaj) eft me, doet ic cume and me to him gebidde.
9 Da hi daet gebod gehyrdon, da fer- don hi. And s5l)lice ! se steorra, de hi on east-dsele gesawon, him beforan ferde, od he stod ofer, daer daet cild waes.
10 S6})lice da, da tungel-witegan done steorran gesawon, [hig] ''' fsegenodon swyde myclum gefean.
1 1 And ganggende into dam huse, hi gcmetton daet cild mid Marian, hys me- der j and hi a))enedon hi, and hi to him gebfcdon. And hi untyndon hyra gold- hordas, and him lac brohton, doet waes gold, and recels, and myrre.
12 And hi afengon andsware on swef- num, dset hi eft to Herode ne hwyrfdon, ac hi on oderne weg on hyra rice ferdon.^
1 3 Da hi da ferdon, da sety wde Drihtnes
II. I-I3.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
Chap. II. i Therfore when Jhesus was born in Bethlem of Juda, in the days of kyng Herode, loo ! kyngis^ camen fro the eest to Jerusalem,
2 Sayinge, Wher is he, that is borun kyng of Jewis 1 forsothe we han seyn his sterre in the este, and we comen for to wirshipe hym.
3 Sothely kyng Herode herynge is tiublid, and al Jerusalem with him.
4 And he, gedrynge to gidre alls the princis of prestis, and scribis of the peple, enquiride of hem, wher Crist shulde be borun.
5 And thei seiden to hym, In Bethlem of Juda ; for so it is writen bi a pro- phete,
6 And thou, Bethlem, the lond of Juda, thou art nat the leste in the princis of Juda ; for of thee a duk shal gon out, that shal gouerne my peple of Yrael.
7 Than Herode, priuyli the kyngis clepid to hym, bisily lernyde of hem the tyme of the sterre that apperide to hem.
8 And he, sendynge hem in to Beth- lem, saide, Go jee, and axe 5ee bisily of the chyld, and whan jee han founden, telle a5ein to me, that and Y cummynge wirshipe hym.
9 The whiche, when thei hadden herde the kyng, wenten awey. And loo ! the sterre, the whiche thei sayen in este, wente bifore hem, til that it cummynge stood aboue, wher the child was.
10 Forsothe thei, seeynge the sterre, ioyeden with a ful grete ioye.
1 1 And thei, entrynge the hous, foun- den the child with Marie, his modir ; and thei fallynge doun worshipiden hym. And her tresours opnyd, thei oflfreden to hym 5iftis, gold, encense, and merre.
12 And answer taken in sleep, that thei shulden not turne a5ein to Herode, thei ben turned by an other wey in to her cuntree.
13 And when thei hadden gon awey,
TYNDALE, 1526. 7
Chap. II. i When Jesus was borne in Bethleem a toune of Jury, in the tyme of king Herode, beholde ! there cam wyse men from the est to Jerusalem,
2 Saynge, Where is he, that is borne kynge of the Jnesi we have sene his starre in the est, and are come to wor- ship hym.
3 Herode the kynge after he hadd herde thys was troubled, and all Jerusa- lem with hym.
4 And he sent for all the chefe prestes, and scribes off the people, and demaunded off them, where Christ shulde be borne.
5 They sayde vnto hym, In Bethleem a toune of Jury ; for thus it is written be the prophet,
6 And thou, Bethleem, in the londe of Jury, shalt not be the leest as per- teyninge to the princes of Juda ; for out of the shal come a captaine, whych shall govern my people Israhel.
7 Then Herod prevely called the wyse men, and dyligently enquyred of them the tyme of the starre that appered.
8 Ajid sent them to Bethleem, saynge, When ye be come thyder, searche dyli- gentily for the childe, and when ye have founde hym, bringe me worde, that Y maye come and worshippe hym also.
9 When they had herde the kynge, they departed. And lo ! the starre, whych they sawe in the este, went before them, vntyll it cam and stod over the place, where the chykle was.
10 When they sawe the starre, they were marveylously gladd.
11 And entred into the house, and founde the childe with Mary, hys mother ; and kneled doune and worshipped hym. And opened there treaseures, and offred unto him gyftes, gold, franckynsence, and myr.
12 And after they were warned in ther slepe, that they shulde not go ageyne to Herod, they retourned into ther awne countre another way.
1 3 After that they were departed, lo !
GOTHIC, 360.
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
engel losepe on swefnum, and dus cwse]>, A'ris, and nim daet cild and his modor, and fleoh on Egypta-land, and beo dser, od daet ic de secge ; toweard ys, dset Herodes secjj daet cild, to forspillenne.
14 He aras da, and nam dset cild and Lis modor on niht, and ferde on Egyp- tum,
15 And W0es dser od Herodes for})-sij) ; da3t wsere gefylled, daet de fram Drihtne gecweden wses [mrh done \vitegan, Of Egyptum ic minne sunu geclypode.
16 Da wses Herodes swyde gebolgen, fordam de lie bepaeht wses fram dam tungel-witegum ; and he asende da and ofsloh ealle da cild, de on Betlileem weeron, and on eallum hyre gcmserum, fram twy-wintrum cilde and binnan dam, sefter dsere tide de he ge-axode fram dam tungel-witegum.
1 7 Da wses gefylled, daet gecweden waes Jjui'h Hieremiam, done \vitegan,
18 Stefn waes on hehnysse gehyred, wop and mycel ))otorung, Rachel weop hyre beam, and heo nolde beon gefref- red, fordam de hi nseron. t
19 SoJ)lice da Herodes waes forjjfaren, witodlice! on swefne Drihtnes engel aetywde losepe on Egyptum,
20 And dus cwaej), Aris, and nini daet cild and his modor, and far on Israhela laud ; nu synd forjjfarene de daes cildes sawlc sohton.
21 He aras da, and onfeng daet cild and his modor, and com on Israhela land.
22 Da he gehyrde dset Archelaus rixode on ludea jjeode, for daene Herodem, he ondrcd dyder to farende. And, on swef- num gemynegod, he ferde on Galileisce daelas ;
23 And he com da and eardode on dtere ceastre, de is gencmncd Nazareth, dset waere gefylled, dset gecweden waes jjurh done witegan, Fordam de he Na- zarenisc hy\> genemned.^
II. 1 4-23-] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
loo ! the aungel of the Lord apperide in sleep to Joseph, sayynge, Ryse vp, and take the child and his modir, and flee in to Egipt, and be thou there, til that I seye to thee ; sothely it is to cume, that Plerode seeke the child, for to lese hym.
14 The whiche Joseph, rysynge vp, toke the chijld and his modir by nyjte, and wente into Egipt,
15 And was there til to the deth of Erode ; that it shuld be fulfiUid, that thing that was said of the Lord by the prophete, sayinge, Fro Egypt Y haue clepide my sone.
1 6 Thanne Erode seeynge that he was scorned'*' of the kyngis, was gretely wroth ; and he sendynge slew3 alle the children, that weren in Bethlem, and in alle the eendis of it, fro two jeer age and with yune, after the tyme that he hadde soujt out of the kyngis.
17 Than it was fulfillide, that thing that was said by Jeremye, the prophete, sayinge,
18 A voice is herd an heeje, weepynge and myche weilynge, Rachel weepynge hir sonys, and she wolde not be comfortid, for thei ben not.
19 Sothely Erode dead, loo ! the an- gel of the Lord apeeride in sleep to Joseph in Egipt,
20 Sayinge, Ryse vp, and take the childe and his modir, and go in to the lond of Yrael ; for thei that soujteu the lijf of the chyld ben dead.
21 The whiche Joseph, rysynge vp, toke the child and his modir, and cam in to the lond of Yrael.
22 Forsothe he heerynge that Arche- laus regnede in Jude for Eroude, his fadir, dred for to go thidir. And he, monestid in sleep, wente in to the parties of Galilee ;
23 And he cummynge dwelte in a citee, that is clepid Nazareth, that it shulde be fulfillid, that thing that is said by prophetis, For whi he slial be clepid of Nazareth.
TYNDALE, 1526. 9
the angell of the Lorde apered to Joseph in his slepe, sayngc, Aryse, and take the childe and his mother, and flye in to Egipte, and abyde there, tyll Y bringe the worde ; for Herod wyll seke the chylde, to destroye hym.
14 Then he arose, and toke the chylde and his mother by night, and departed in to Egipte,
15 And was there vnto the deeth of Herod ; to fulfill that which was spoken of the Lorde by the prophet, which say- eth. Out of Egipte have Y called my Sonne.
16 Then Herod perceavynge that he was moocked off the wyse men, was ex- ceedynge wroth ; and sent forth and slue all the chyldren, that were in Bethleem, and in all the costes there of, as many as were two yere old and vnder, accordynge to the tyme which he had diligently searched oute of the >vyse men.
17 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken be the prophet, Jeremi, saynge,
18 On the hilles was a voyce herde, mournynge wepynge and greate lamen- tacion, Rachel wepynge fibr her chyldren, and wolde nott be comforted, because they were not.
1 9 When Herod was deed, lo ! an angell off the Lorde apered vnto Joseph in Egipte,
20 Saynge, Arise, and take the chylde and his mother, and go in to the londe of Isi-ahel ; for they are deed which sought the chyldes deeth.
21 Then he arose vp, and toke the chylde and his mother, and cam into the londe of Israhel.
22 But when he herde that Archelaus did raygne in Jury in the roume ofi" hys father, Herode, he was afrayde to goo thether. Notwithstondynge, after he was warned in his slepe, he tourned a syde into the parties off Galile ;
23 And went and dwelt in a cite called Nazareth, to ffulfill that which was spoken be the prophetes. He shalbe called of Nazareth.
10
GOTHIC, 360.
3 Stibna wopyandins in au]ji(lai, Man- weicl wig Frauyius ; raihtos waurkeijj staigos is. ^
7 . . . Kuni nadre, whas galaiknida izwis |)liuhan faura jjamma anawairjjin hatiza P
8 WaurkyaiJ) nu akran wair))ata idrei- gos. +
9 Yah ni [|)Uggkyai))] qij^an in izwis, Attan aigum Abraham ; qij>a auk izwis, jjatei mag GuJ^ us stainam jjaim urraisyan barna Abrahama. "•■
- I o A)5j)an yu so aqizi at waurtim bagme Iigi[> ; all nu bagme unbairandane akran god, usmaitada, yah in fon galagyada.^"
1 1 Ik allis izwis daupya in watin, [du I'dreigai] ; i|) sa afar mis gagganda swin- jjoza mis ist, )>izei ik ni im wairjjs [sko- hans bairan] ; sah [|'an] izwis daupei]) in Ahmin Weihamma [yah funin].'''
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
Chap. III. i On dam dagum com lohannes se Fulluhtei-e, and bodude on dam westene ludese,
2 And cwtiej), D6|> dscd-bote, sojjlice geneal?ece)j heofoua rice.
3 Dis ys se, be dam de gecweden ys |jurh Esaiam, done witegan, Clypieudes stefn wses on westene, Gegearwiaj) Drihtnes weg ; doj? his sidas rihte.
4 Se lohannes ^vatodlice hsefde reaf of olfenda hserum, and fellenne gyi'del embe hys lendenu ; and hys mete wses gserstap- an, and wudu hunig.
5 Da ferde to him Hierosolim-waru, and eal ludea j^eod, and eal daet rice wid geondam lordauen ;
6 And hi wseron gefullode on lor- dane fram him, and hi andettan hyra synna.
7 S6})lice da he geseh manega dsera Sunder-halgena, and dtera Riht-wisendra to his fulluhte cumende, he cwsej) to him, La nseddrena cyn, hwa geswutelode eow to fleonne fram dam toweardan yrre 1
8 Eornostlice d6]> medemne weastm dasra dsed-bote,
9 And ne cwedaj) betwux eow, We habbajj Abraham us to fseder ; s6f)lice ic sccge eow, dset God ys swa mihtig dset he mseg of dysum stanum aweccean Abra- hames beam.
I o Eallunga ys seo a^x to dfera treowa wiu'trumum asett ; eornustlice aelc treow de godne wtestm ne bringj), hy\> forcorf- eu, and on fyr aworpen.
I I Witodlicc ic eow fuUige on wse- tere, to daed-b5te ; se de sefter me to- werd ys he ys strengra donne ic, daes gcscy neom ic wyrde to berenne ; he eow fullajj on Halgum Gaste and on fyre.
12 Daes fann ys on his handa, and he afeormaj) his [jyrsccl-florc, and he ge- gadcrajj his hwsetc on bis bevn ; da ceafu he forbaernj) on unadwaescendlicum fyre.^
13 Da com se Htielcnd fram Galilca to lordane to lohanne, dajt he bine fullode.
14 lohannes da s6|)lice forbcad him,
III. 1-14.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
Chap. III. i In thilke days came Joon Baptist, prechynge in the desert of Jude,
2 Sayinge, Do 50 penaunce, for the kyngdom of heuens shal neij.^
3 Forsothe this is he, of whom it is said by Ysaye, the prophete, A voice of a cryinge in desert, Make je redy the wayes of the Lord ; make je ri3tful the pathes of hym.
4 Forsothe that ilk Joon hadde cloth of the heeris of cameylis, and a girdil of skyn aboute his leendis ; sothely his mete weren locustis, and hony of the wode.
5 Thanne Jerusalem wente out to hym, and al Jude, and al the cuntre aboute Jordan ;
6 And thei weren cristenyd of hym in Jordan, knowlechynge there synnes.
7 Sothely he seeynge many of Phari- sees and of Saducese commynge to his bapteme, saide to hem, Generaciouns of eddris, who shewide to 30U for to flee fro wi'ath to cumme?
8 Therfore do 3ee worthi fruytis of penaunce,
9 And nyl 3e say with ynne 50U, We han the fadir Abraham ; sothely Y saye to 30U, for win God is mi3ti to reyse vp of these stonys the sonys of Abraham.
TO For now the axe is putt to the rote of the tree ; sothely euery tree that mak- ith nat good fruyt, shal be kitt doun, and shal be sent in to fijr.
It Forsothe Y cristene 30U in water, in to penaunce ; forsothe he that is to cumme after me is strenger than Y, whos shon Y am not wortbi to here ; he shal baptise^ 30W in the Holy Goost and fijr.
12 Whos wynwing cloth'*' in his bond, and he shal fully dense his corne floore, and shal gedre his corne in to his berne ; but chaffis he shal brenne with fyr un- quenchable.'I'
13 Thanne Jhesus came fro Galilee in to Jordan to Joon, for to be cristned of hym.
1 4 Soothly Joon forbeed hym, sayinge.
TYND ALE, 1526. II
Chap. III. i In those dayes Jhon the Baptiser cam, and preached in the wildernes oft" Jury,
2 Saynge, Repent, the kyngdome of heven is at honde.
3 This is he, of whom it is spoken be the prophet, Esay, which sayeth, The voyce off a cryer in wyldernes. Prepare the Lordes way ; and make hys pathes strayght.
4 This Jhon had hys garment off camels heer, and a gerdell off a skynne aboute his loynes ; hys meate was locustes, and wylde hony.
5 Then went oute to hym Jerusalem, and all Jury, and all the region rounde aboute Jordan ;
6 And were baptised of hym in Jor- dan, knoledging their synnes.
7 When he sawe many off the Phari- ses and off the Saduces come to hys bap- tism, he sayde vnto them, O generaciou of vipers, who hath taught you to fle from the vengeaunce to come 1
8 Brynge forth therefore the frutes belongynge to repentaunce.
9 And se that ye ons thinke not to saye in yourselves. We have Abraham to oure father ; for I say vnto you, that God is able off these stones to rayse vp chyldren vnto Abraham.
10 Even nowe is the ax put vnto the rote of the trees ; soo that every tree which bringeth not fforthe goode fi-ute, shalbe hewne doune,and cast into the fyre.
11 I baptise you in water, in token of repentaunce ; but he that cometh after me is myghtier then I, whose shues I am not worthy to beare ; he shal baptise you with the Holy Gost and with fyre.
12 Which hath also his fan in his bond, and will pourge his floore, and gadre the wheet into his garner ; and will burne the chaffe with everlastynge fyre.
13 Then cam Jesus fi'om Galile into Jordan to Jhon, ffor to be baptised off hym.
14 But Jhon fforbade hym, saynge, I
12
GOTHIC, 360.
4 . . . Ni bi hlaib ainana libaid manna, ak bi all waurde . . . .^
5 , . . yah gasatida ina ana gib- lin alhs, yah qa^ du imma,'''
6 Yabai sunus siyais Gu])S, wairp jmk dala)>; gamelid ist auk, patci aggilum seinaim anabiudijjbi J5uk,yah ana handuni ))uk ufliaband, ei whan ni gastagqyais by staina fotu beinana.^
}}cinana.
. Ni fraisais Frauyan Gujj
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
and cwsej), Ic sceal fram de beon gefullod, and cymst du to me ?
15 Da andswarode se Hselend him and cwajjj, Ltct nu, dus unc gedafena)> ealle rihtwisnesse gefyllan. Da forlet he liine.
1 6 S5})lice da se Hjelend gefullod wses, hrsedlice he astah of dam wretere ; and him wurdon dier rihte heofenas ontyn- ede, and he geseah Godes Gast nider- stigende swa swa culfran, and wunigende ofer hyne ;
1 7 And s5))lice ! da com stefn of heof- enunij and dus cwjb)), Her is min se gecorena sunn, on dam me gelicode.^
[o [panuh] imma lesus qa)^ . . . gamelid
Chap. IV. i Da wses se Hselend gclscd fram Gaste on westen, daet he wsere fram deofle costud.
2 And da da he fseste feowurtig daga and feowurtig nihta, da ongan hyne syddan hingrian.
3 And da genealcehte se costnigend, ■•■ and cwse\>, Gyf du Godes sunnu sy, cwej) dset das stanas to hlafe gcAvui'don.
4 Da andswarode se Hselend, Hit ys awi'iten, Ne leofajj se man be hUife auum, ac be selcon wordc de of Godes mu);e gc)e|).
5 Da gebrohte se deofol hine on da halgan ceastre, and asette hine ofer dues temples heahnesse, and cwsey to him,
6 Gyf du Godes sunu cart, asend do donne nyder ; s5)jlicc hit ys a,\vi'iten, Dajt he his englum bebead be de, dajt hig dc on hyra handum bcron, de-la3S de din fot a;t stane aitsporne.
7 Da cw8e)> se Hselend eft to him, Hit ys awriten, Ne costna du Drihtcn dinne God.
8 Eft se deofol hine genam and laeddc hine on swide heahne munt, and jcteowde him calle middan-eardes ricu, and hyra wuldor ;
9 And cwa^]> to him, Ealle das ic sylle de, gyf du feallende to me ge-cadmetst.
10 Da cwa?)) se Tla-lcnd to him, Gang
III.I5.— IV. lo.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
I owe for to be cristned of thee, and thou commest to me ?
15 Forsothe Jhesus answeringe saide to hym, Suffice now, for so it becummeth vs for to fulfill e all ri3twisnesse. Than Joon leete hym.'''
16 Forsothe Jhesus cristened stei^ vp anoon fi-o the water ; and loo ! heuens ben opened to hym, and he say the Spirit of God cummynge doun as a culuer, and cummynge vpon hym ;
1 7 And loo ! a voice fro heuenes, say- inge, This is my byloued sone, in the whiche Y haue plesid to me.
TYNDALE, 1526.
13
Chap. IV. i Thanne Jhesus was led in to desert of a spirit, that he shulde be temptid of the deuel.
2 And whanne he hadde fastid fourty days and fourety ni3tis, afterward he huugride.
3 And the tempter cummynge nij, saide to hym, 3if thou be Goddis sone, say that these stoons be maad looues.
4 The whiche answerynge said to hym, It is wryten, A man lyueth not in breed aloon, bot in euery word that cometh forth fi'o the mouthe of God.
5 Thanne the deuyl toke hym in to an hooly citee, and sette hym on the pynacle of the temple, and saide to hym,
6 3if thou be Goddis sone, sende thee doun ; sothely it is wryten. For to his aungels he comaundide of thee, and thei shulden take thee in hoondis, lest pera- uenture thou hurte thi fote at a stoon.
7 Eftsone Jhesus saith to hym. It is writen. Thou shalt not tempte the Lord thi God.
8 Eftsone the deuel toke hym in to a ful hee3 hill, and shewide to hym alle the rewmys of the world, and the glorie of hem ;
9 And saide to hym, Alle these thingis Y shal jeue to thee, 3if thou fallynge doun shalt worshipe me.
10 Than Jhesus saide to hym. Go,
ought to be baptysed off the, and com- mest thou too me ?
15 Jesus answered and sayde to hym, Lett hyt be so nowe, for thus hit becom- meth us to fulfyll all rightewesnes. Then he suffred hym.
16 And Jesus as sone as he was baptised cam stx'ayght out of the water ; and lo ! heven was open vnto hym, and he sawe the Spirite of God descende lyke a dove, and lyght vppon hym ;
17 And lo ! there cam a voice from heven, sayng, Thys ys my deare sonne, in whom is my delyte.
Chap. IV. i Then was Jesus ledd awaye of the spirite in to a desert, to be tempted of the devyll.
2 And when he had fasted fourtye dayes and fourtye nyghtes, att the last he was an hungred.
3 Then came vntyll hym the tempter, and sayde, Yff thou be the sonne of God, commande that these stones be made bred.
4 He answered and sayde, Yt is wryt- ten, Man shall nott live only by breede, but by every worde that proceadeth out off the mouth off God.
5 Then the devyll tooke him vpp in to the holy cite, and set hym on a pyna- cle of the temple, and sayd vnto hym,
6 Yf thou be the sonne of God, cast thysylfe doune ; for hit ys wrytten, He shall geve his angels charge over the, and with there handes the shall stey the vpp, that thou dashe not thy fote agaynst a stone.
7 Jesus sayde to hym. Hit ys wrytten also. Thou shalt not tempte thy Lorde God.
8 The devyll toke hym up agayne and ledde hym in to an excedynge hye moun- tayne, and shewed hym al the kyngdomes of the worlde, and the beauty of them ;
9 And sayde vnto hym, All these will I geve the, iff" thou wilt faull doune and worship me.
10 Then sayde Jesus vnto hym, Avoyd
14
GOTHIC, 360.
ist, [Auk] Frauyan Gu)) ))einana Ynweit- ais, yah imma ainamma fuUafahyais. ^
17 . . . IclreigoJ), atnewhida sik J)iudangardi himiue. ^
18 ... Wharbonds |)an faur marein Ga- leilaias, gasawh twans brojn-uns, Seimona, [saei heitada] Paitrus, yah Andraian, brol^ar is, wairpandans nati in marein ; wesun auk fiskyans.
19 Yah qa}) im [lesus], Hiryats afar mis, yah gatauya igqis nutans manne.''"
20 [i\> )?ai] sunsaiw afletandans ])0 natya, laistidedun afar imma.
21 Yah inngaggans framis yain|)ro, gasawh [an)>arans twans brojjruns,] la- kobu ))ana Zaibaidaiaus, yah lohannen, brojjar is, in skipa [mij) Zaibaidaiau, attin seinamma, manwyandaus natya [seina], yah hailiait ins.
22 ijj })ai sunsaiw afletandans jiata skip yah attan seinana, [laistidedun] afar imma.'^
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
(1u sceocca onbsec ; so))lice hit ys awi'iten, To Drihtne dinum Gode du de sfe-ead- mets)5, and him anum ()eowast.
1 1 Da forlet se deofol hine ; and englas genealBehton, and him j^enodon.^
12 So))lice da se Haelend gehyrde daet Johannes belsewed waes, da ferde he to Galileam.
13 And forlsetenre dtere ceastre Na- zareth, he com, and eardode on Caphar- naum, on dam sae-gemserum, on endum Zabulon and Neptalim,
1 4 Da^t wsere gefylled, daet de gecwed- en wffis ))urh Esaiam, done witegan,
15^ [Zabulones eor|)U and Neptalimes eorl)e, sses weg ofer lordane, dara Jieoda Galilea,]
16 peoda-folc de on jjystrum seet geseah mycel leoht, and sittendum on geai'de deajjes sceade, is leoht up-aspningen.
17 Syddan ongan se Haelend bodian, and cwedan, D6\> dsed-bote, s6]>lice heof- ona rice genealsec}).'''
18 Da se Hselend code wid da Gali- leiscean sse, he geseh twegen gebrodru, Simonem, se wses genemned Petrus, and Andream, his brodor, sendende hjra nett on da sae ; soj^lice hi WEcron fisceras.
19 And he ssede him, Cumaj) a;fter me, and ic do daet gyt beo)> manna fisceras.
20 And hi daer rihte forleton h3Ta net, and him fyligdon.
21 And da he danon code, he geseh twegen odre gebrodru, lacobum Zebedei, and loannem, his brodur, on scype mid hyra fseder, Zebcdeo, remigende hyra net, and he clypode hi.
22 Hi da sona forleton hyra nett and hyra fseder, and him fyligdon.^
23 And da beferde se Hselend ealle Galileam, Iserendeon hyra gesomnungum, and he wass bodiende godspel djcs rices, and htelende aelce adle, and selce untrum- nysse on dam folce.
24 And da ferde his hlisa into ealle Syriam ; and hi brohton him ealle yfel-
IV. 11-24.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
Sathanas ; forsotlie it is wrytin, Thou shalt worshipe the Lord thi God, and to hym alone thou shalt serue.
1 1 Than the deuel lafte hym ; and loo ! aungelis camen ni5e, and serueden to hym.
1 2 Sothely whanne Jhesus hadde herde that Joon was taken, he wente into Galilee.
13 And the cite of ISTazaret laft, he came, and dwelte in the citee of Capher- naum, beside the see, in the eendis of Zabulon and Neptalym,
14 That it shulde be fulfillid, that thing that was said by Ysay, the pro- phete,
15 The lond of Zabulon and the lond of Neptalym, the weye of the see ouer Jordan, of Galilee of hethene men,
16 The peple that dwelte in derknes- sis say grete lijt, and men sittynge in the cuntree of shadew of deth, li5t is sprunge to hem.
17 Fro thennus Jhesus bygan for to preche, and say. Do 5e penaunce, forsothe the kyngdom of heuens shal cume ni5e.
18 Sothely Jhesus, walkynge bisidis the see of Galilee, say two bretheren, Symon, that is clepid Petre, and Andrew, his brother, sendynge nett in to the see ; forsothe thei weren fisheris.
19 And he saide to hem. Come 56 after me, and I shal make 30U to be maad fisheris of men.
20 And anon her nettis forsakyn, they sueden hym.
2 1 And he goynge forth fro that place, say tweyn other bretheren, Jamys of Zebedee, and Joon, his brother, in the ship with Zebedee, her fadir, makynge a3ein''" her nettis, and he clepide hem.
22 Sothely anoon the nettis forsaken and the fadir, thei sueden hym.
23 And Jhesus enuyraunyde al Ga- lilee, techynge in the synagogis of hem, and prechynge the gospel of kyngdam, and helynge al sorow,''" and al sekenesse in the peple.
24 And his opynyoun'*' wente in to al Syrie ; and thei ofti-iden to hym alle men
TYNDALE, 1526. 15
Satan ; for it is wi'itten, Thou shalt worshyp thy Lorde God, and hym only shalt thou serve.
1 1 Then the dyvell left hym ; and lo ! the angels cam, and ministred vnto hym.
12 When Jesus had herde that Jhou was taken, he departed in to Galile.
13 And left Nazareth, and went, and dwelte in Capernaum, which is a cite apon the see, in the coostes off Zabulon and Neptalim,
1 4 To ffulfiU that whiche was spoken be Esay, the prophet, saynge,
15 Behokle the londe of Zabulon and Neptalim, the waye of the see beyonde Jordan, Galile off the Gentyls,
16 The people whiche sat in dercknes sawe greate lyght, and to them which sate in the region and shadowe of deeth, lyght is spronge.
17 From thatt tyme Jesus began to preache, and to say. Repent, for the kingdome of heven is at honde.
18 As Jesus walked by the see off Galile, he sawe two brethren, Simon, which Avas called Peter, and Andrew, his brother, castynge a neet into the see ; for they were fisshers.
19 And he sayde unto them, Folowe me, and I will make you fisshers of men.
20 And they stray ght waye lefte there nettes, and folowed hym.
21 And he went forthe from thence, and sawe other twoo brethren, James the Sonne of Zebede, and Jhon, his brother, in the shippe with Zebede, their father, mendynge their nettes, and called them.
22 And they with out taryinge lefte the shyp and their ftither, and folowed hym.
23 And Jesus went aboute all Galile, teachyng yn their sinagoges, and preach- ynge the gospell of the kyngdome, and healinge all manner of sicknes, and all manner dyseases amonge the people.
24 And hys ffame spreed abroode through oute all Siria ; and they brought
16
GOTHIC, 360.
3 Audagai |jai unledans ahmin, unte [Tze] 1st jjiudangardi himine.+
8 Audagai |)ai hrainyahairtans, unte Jjai Gu|) gasaiwhand.l"
13 [Yus siyujj] salt [air})Os] ; ij) ya- bai salt baud wair])i|), wbe gasupoda 1 ^. .
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
hsebbende missenlicum adlum, and on tintregum gegripene, and da de deofel- seocnyssa haefdon, and m5nod-seoce, and laman ; and he da gehselde.
25 And him fyligdon mycele menigu fi'ara Galilea, and fram Decapoli, and fram Hierusalem, and fram ludea, and fram begeondan lordanen.t
CiiAP. V. I Sojjlice da se Hselend geseh da menigu, he astah on done munt ; and da he sajt, da genealsehton his leorn- ing-cnihtas to him.
2 And he ontynde his map, and Iserde hi, and cwsejj,
3 Eadige synd^ da gastlican jjearfan, fordam hyra ys heofena rice.
5 Eadige synd da li|)an, fordam de hi eor))an agun.
4 Eadige synd da de nu wepa]), fordam de hi beoj? gefrefrede.''"
6 Eadige synd da de for rihtwisnessc hingriaj) and })yrsta)j, fordam de hi beo]> gefyllede.
7 Eadige synd da mild-heortan, for- dam de hi mild-heortnysse bcgyta}).
8 Eadige synd da clten-heortan, for- dam de hi God geseojj.
9 Eadige synd da gesybsuman, for- dam de hi beoj) Godes beam genemnede.
10 Eadige synd da dc ehtnysse jjolia}) for rihtwisnysse, fordam de hyra ys hcof- onan rice.
1 1 Eadige synd ge, donne hi wyTiajj eow, and ehta|) cow, and secgeaj; aelc yfel ongen eow Icogcndc, for me,'
12 Geblissia)) and gefffigniaj), fordam de eower med ys mycel on heofonum ; swa hi ehtun da witegan de beforan eow wseron.
13 Go synd eor)ian scalt ; gyf dset • scalt awyi-jj, on dam de hit gesylt bij)? Hit. ne mseg syddan to nahte, buton
IV.25.-V. 13.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
hauyiige yuele, takyn with cljTiers sorowis and tourmeutis, and hem that hadden deuelis, and hinatijk men, and men in palsie, and he helide hem.
25 And there sueden hym many cum- panyes of Galilee, and of Decapoly, and of Jerusalem, and of Judee, and of be- jonde Jordan.
TYNDALE, 1526.
17
Chap. V. i Jhesus forsothe, seynge cumpanyes, wente vp in to an hill ; and when he hadde sete, his disciplis camen ni5e to hym.
2 And he, openynge his mouthe, tau3te to hem, sayinge,
3 Blessid be the pore in spirit, for the kingdam in heuenes is heren.
5 Blessid he mylde men, for thei shuln welde the eerthe.
4 Blessid he thei that mournen, for thei shuln be comfortid.''"
6 Blessid he thei that hunrrren and thnsten ri5twisnesse, for thei shuln ben fulfillid.
7 Blessid he mercyful men, for thii shuln gete mercye.
8 Blessid he thei that ben of clene herte, for thei shuln see God.
9 Blessid he pesil^le men, for thei shuln be clepid the sonys of God.
10 Blessid he thei that suffren perse- cucioun for ri3twisnesse, for the kyngdam of heuenes is herun.
1 1 3ee shulen be blessid, when men shulen curse 30U, and shulen pursue 30U, and shulen say al yuel a5eins 50U lee3ing, for me.
12 loye 3ee -with yn forth, and glade jee Avith out forth, for 30ure meede is plenteuouse in hettones ; forsothe so thei han pursued and prophetis that wei'en before 30U.
1 3 3ee ben salt of the erthe ; tliat 3if the salt shal vanyshe awey, whcrynne shal it be saltidl To no thing it is
vnto hym all sicke people, that were taken with divers diseases and gripinges, and them that were pos.sessed with devils, and those which were lunatyke, and those that had the palsey, and he healed them.
25 And there 'foloAved hym a greate nombre off people from Galile, and from the ten cites, and from Jerusalem, and from Jury, and from the regions that lye beyoade Jordan.
Chap. V. i When he sawe the peo- ple, he went vp into a mountayne ; and when he was set, his disciples cam vnto hym.
2 And he openned his mought, and taught them, saynge,
3 Blessed are the poore in sprete, for theirs is the kyngdome off heven.
4 Blessed are they that morne, for they shalbe comforted.
5 Blessed are the meke, for they shall inheret the erth.
6 Blessed are they which honger and tliurst for rightewesnes, for they shalbe filled.
7 Blessed are the mercifuU, for they shall obteyne mercy.
8 Blessed are the pure in herte, for they shall se God.
9 Blessed ai-e the maynteyners of peace, for they shalbe called the chyldren of God.
10 Blessed are they which suffre per- secucion for rightewesnes sake, for theirs ys the kyngdome off heven.
1 1 Blessed are ye, when men shall re- vyle you, and persecute you, and shall falsly say all manner of yvcll saynges agaynst you, ffor my sake.
1 2 Reioyce, and be glad, for greate is youre rewarde in heven ; for so persecuted they the prophets which were before youre dayes.
13 Ye are the salt of the erthe ; but and if the salt be once vnsavery, what can be salted ther with "? It is thence-
18
GOTHIC, 360.
15
ak ana lukavnastajj-
in, yah liuhtei)) + allaini )'aiiu in J)anima garda.
16 Swa liuhtyai liuha]' i'zwar in and- •\vair|'ya maniie, ei gasaiwhaina izwara goda waurstwa, yah hauhyaina attau izwarana jjana in himinani.
17 Ni hiigyai}) ei qeniyau gatairan ■witojj, ai))|3au praufetuus ; ni qam ga- tairan, ak usfuUyan.
18 Amen auk qi)>a izwis, und )>atei usleijiijj hiniins yah airjia, yota ains, aiJ5- J)au ains striks, ni usleilji}) af witoda, unte aUata Avairjjij?.
19 1)) saei nu gatairi]) aina anabusne ];izo minnistono, yah laisyai swa mans, rainnista haitada in j^iudangavdyai him- ine ; 'i\> sa?i tauyi|?, yah laisyai swa, sah mikils haitada in jjiudangardyai himiue.
20 Qijja auk izwis, jjatei nibai manag- izo wair))i)) izwaraizos garaihteins J>au J)ize bokarye yah Fareisaie, ni ])du qiniijj in Jjiudangardyai himine.
21 Hausidedujj )?atei qijjan ist })aim airizam, Ni mauij?ryais ; i]> saei maurj)r- ei\>, skula wair})i|) stauai.
22 A))))an ik qij^a izwis, Jjatei whazuh modags brojjr seinannna sware, skula wairjjijj stauai ; 'i\> saei qil'i|' bro|)r scin- amma, Eaka, skuhi wair{)i|) ga(ium|)ai ; a|)j)an saei qil^i}?, Dwala, skula wairpij) in gaiainnan funins.
23 Yabai nu bairAis aibr )jein du hunsl- astada, yah yainar gamuneis, })atei brojj- ar |)eins habai)> wha bi J)uk,
24 Aflet yainar |)o giba ))cina in and- wair|)ya hunslastadis, yah gagg faur)>is gasihyon bro|)r jieinamma, yah h\pe at- gaggands atbair ])o giba ];cina.
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
^set hit sy iit-aworpen, and sy fram mann- uni fortreden.
14 Ge synd middan-eardes leoht ; ne mseg seo ceaster beon behyd de byj> uppan miint aset ;
1 5 Ne hi ne selajj hyra leoht-fset, and hit under cyfe setta|i, ac ofer candel-sttef, daet hit onlihte eallum dam de on dam hiise synd.
16 Swa onlihte eower leoht beforan mannum, da?t hi geseon eowre godan vveorc, and Avuldrian eowei'ne feeder de on heofonum ys.'''
1 7 Nelle ge wenan dset ic come towurp- an da se, odde da witegan ; ne com ic na towui'pan, ac gefyllau.
18 Sojjes on eornost ic secge eow, scrdam de gewite heofon and eor|)e, an i, odde an prica, ne gewit fram dtere x, serdam ealle Jjing gewurdan.
19 Eornostlice se de towyrpjj an of dysum Isestum bebodum, and da men swa Iserjj, se by)) lasst genemned on heof- onan rice ; so^lice se de hit do)), and l.Tr)i, se bi}) mycel genemned on heofonan rice.'''
20 S6|)lice ic secge eow, buton eower rihtwisnys mare sy donne dajra writera and Simdor-halgena, ne ga ge on heof- onan rice.
21 Ge gehyrdon daet gecweden wtes on ealdum tidum, Ne ofslch dii ; se de ofslihj), se by)) dome scyldig.
22 Ic secge eow, s6))lice dajt selc de yrsa)) hys breder, by)) dome scyldig ; s6j)lice, se de seg\> hys breder, Du itword- cna, he bi)) ge))eahte scyldig ; se de seg)), Du stuuta, se by)) scyldig helle fyres.
23 Eornostlice gyf du bringst dine lac to wcofode, and dii d;or ge))cncgst, daet din brodor liajf)) aenig ))ing agen de,
24 Lset da)r dine lac beforan dam al- tare, and gang aer and gesybsuma wid dinne broder, and donnc cum dii syddan and brine: dine lac.'''
V. 14-24] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
worth oucr, no bot that it be sent out, and defoulid of men.
14 3e ben li5t of the world ; a citee putt on an hill may nat be hid ;
15 Nether men tendyn a lanterne, and putten it vndir a busshel, but on a can- dilstike, that it jeue li3t to alle that ben in the hous.
16 So shyyne 50ure li5t before men, that thei see joure good werkis, and glo- rifie 30ure fadir that is in heuens.
17 N"yle 56 gesse ■*■ that Y came to vndo''' the lawe, or the prophetis ; I came not to vndo the lawe, but to fultille.
18 Forsothe I say to 50U trewthe, til heuen and erthe passe, oon i''', or titil, shal nat passe fro the lawe, til alle thiugis be don.
1 9 Therfore he that vndoth ''' oon of these leste maundementis, and techith thus men, shal be clepid the leste in the rewme of heuenes ; forsothe this that doth, and techith, shal be clepid grete in the kyngdame of heuenes.
20 Forsothe Y say to 50U, no but 5if 5oure rijtwisnesse shal be more plenteu- ouse than of scribis and Pharisees, 5ee shulen not entreinto kyngdam of heuenes.
21 3ee han herde that it is said to olde men, Thou shal nat slea ; forsothe he that sleeth, shal be gylty of dome.
22 But I say to 50U, that euereche that is wrothe to his brother, shal be gylty of dome ; forsothe, he that shal say to his brother, Racha"*", shal be gylty of coun- seile ; sothly he that shal say. Fool''", shal be gylti of the fijr of helle.
23 Therfore 5if thou offrist thi 5ift at the auter, and there shalt bythenke, that thi brother hath sum what a3eins thee,
24 Leeue there thi 5ift before the au- ter, and go first for to be recounseilid'' to thi brother, and thanne thou cummynge shalt offre thi jifte.
TYNDALE, 1526. 19
forthe goode for nothynge, but to be cast oute at the dores, and that men treade it vnder fete.
1 4 Ye are the light of the worlde ; a cite that is set on an hill cannot be hid ;
15 Nether do men lyght a candell, and put it vnder a busshell, but on a candel- stick, and it lighteth all them which are in the housse.
16 Se that youre light so shyne before men, that they maye se youre good workes, and glorify youre father which is in heven.
1 7 Ye shall not thynke that I am come to disanuU the lawe, or the prophets ; no I am uott come to disanuU them, but to fulfyll them.
18 For truely I saye vnto you, till heven and erth perisshe, one iott, or one tytle, of the lawe shall not scape, tyll all be fulfilled.
19 Whosoever break eth one of these lest comaundmentes, and shall teache men so, he shalbe called the leest in the kyng- dome off heven ; but whosoever shall observe, and teache them, that persone shalbe called greate in the kyngdome off heven.
20 For I saye vnto you, except youre rightewesnes excede the rightewesnes off the scribes and Pharises, ye cannot en- tJ'e into the kyngdome off heven.
21 Ye have herde howe it was sayd vnto them off the olde tyme, Thou shalt not kyll ; whosoever shall kyll, shalbe in daunger of iudgement.
22 But I say vnto you, whosoever his angre with hys brother, shalbe in daun- ger off iudgement ; whosoever shall saye vnto his brother, Racha, shalbe in daunger off a counsell ; but whosoever shall saye vnto his brothei', Thou fole, shalbe in daunger off hell fyre.
23 Therfore when thou offerest thy gyfte att the altre, and there remembrest, that thy brother hath eny thynge agaynst the,
24 Leve there thjae offrynge before the altre, and go thy waye first and reconcile thy sille to thy brother, and then come and offre thy gyffte.
c 2
20 GOTHIC, 360.
25 Siyais wailahugyands andastauin jjeiuamnia sprauto, luul )>atei is in wiga mi|) Tmma, ibai whan atgibai |.!uk sa anda- staua stauTu, yah sa staua Jmk atgibai andbahta, yah in karkara gaUigyaza.
26 Amen qi))a |)us, Ni usgaggis yain- \>vo, uute usgibis j^ana miunistan kintu.
27 Hausidedujj jjatei qij^anist, Ni hor- inos.
28 Ajijian ik qijja izwis, ))atci whazuh saei saiwhi}) qinon du luston izos, yu ga- horinuda izai in hairtin sciuamma.
29 I]? yabai augo ])cin })ata taihswo marzyai )>uk, usstigg^ ita, yali wairp af })us ; batizo ist auk \>us, ei fraqistnai ains lijjiwe Ijeinaize, yah ni allata leik })ein gadi'iusai in gaiainnan.
30 Yah yabai taihswo j^eina handus marzyai jjuk, afmait ]>o, yah wairp af ])us ; batizo ist auk \ius, ei fraqistnai ains ]i})iwe jjeinaize, yah ni allata leik J)ein gadriusai in gaiainnan.
31 Qij'anuh j^an ist, patei whazuh saei afletai qen, gibai izai afstassais bokos.
32 I}) ik qijja izwis, J?atei whazuh saei afleti}> qen seina, inuh fairina kalkinass- aus, tauyijj j'o horinon, yah sa ize afsat- ida liugaij), horiuoj).
33 Aftra hausidedu}>, ];atei qijmn ist J)aim airizam, Ni ufarsvvarais, i]) usgibais Frauyin aijjans Jjeinans.
34 Aj'l^an ik qijia izwis, ni swaran allis ; ni bi himina, uute stols ist Gu];s ;
35 Nih bi airjjai, unte fotubaurd ist fotiwe is ; nih bi Tairusaulwmai, unte baurgs ist })is mikilins Jj'iudanis ;
36 Nih bi liaubida ))einamma swarais, unte ni magt ain tagl wheit, ai])]>au swart gatauyau ;
37 Siyai|)-))an waurd izwar, Ya, ya ; Ne, ne ; ij) })ata managizo ])aim[, us ])ani- ma ubiliu ist.
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
25 Beo du onbugende dinum wider- winnan hrade, da hwile de du eart on wcge mid him, de-la?s de din widcr- winna de sylle dam deman, and se dema de sylle dam J^ene, and dii sy on cwertern send.
26 S6|)es ic secge de, Ne gsest dii danone, ser du agylde done ytcmestan feor))lingc.
27 Ge gehyrdou dtct on ealdum cAvj'd- um gecweden waes, Ne unriht-hseme dii.
28 S6})lice ic secge eow, daet selc dajra de wif gcsylij) and hyre gewilna}), callunga da3t se gesyngaj) on hys heortan.
29 Gyf din swydre cage de Eeswicie, ahola hit ut, and awurp hyt fram de ; s6j)lice de ys betere, divt an dinra lima forwurde, donne eal din lichama si on hclle asend.
30 And gyf din swidre hand de aswice, aceorf hi of, and awurp hi fram de ; witodlice de ys betere, dset an dinra lima forwurde, donne eal din lichama fare to hello.'''
3 1 S6})lice hit ys gecweden, S^va hwylc swa his wif forlset, he sylle hyre hyra hiw-gedalcs boc.
32 Ic secge eow to s6})um, dast sclc de his wif for] set, biiton forlegcn3'sse l^ingum, he dej) diet hco unriht-hi]em|), and se un- riht-haem]), de forlsetene sefter him ge- ninijj.
33 Eft ge gehyrdon, da?t gecweden wa's on ealdum cwydum, Ne forswere du, s6]>- lice Drihtne dii agyltst dine a|)as.
34 Ic secge eow s6|)lice, drot ge callunga ne swerion ; ne jjurh hcofon, fordam de heo ys Godes J)rym-sctl ;
35 Ne |)urh eorjian, foidam de hco ys hys fot-scamul ; ne l)urh Hicrusalcm, fordam de heo ys msercs cynincges cester ;
36 Ne dii ne swcrc jnirh din heafod, fordam de dii nc niiht ecnne locc gcdon liwitne, oddc blacne ;
37 S6|)lice si eower sprsec, Ilyt ys, liyt ys ; Ilyt nys, hyt nys ; sojilicc gyf dier mare byj>, dset bij) of yfele.
V. 25-37-] WYCLIFFE, 13S9.
25 Be thou consentynge to thin ad- uersarie soon, the whijle thou art in the way with hym, lest perauenture thin ad- uersarie take thee to the domesman, and the domesmau take thee to the mynystre, and thou be sente in to prisoun.
26 Trewely I say to thee, Thou shalt not go thennes, til thou jelde the last ferthing.
27 3e han herd for it was said to olde men, Thou shalt nat do lecherye.
28 Forsothe Y say to 50U, for why euery man that seeth a womman for to coueite hire, now he hath do lecherie by hire in his herte.
■29 That jif thi rijt 6156 sclaundre thee, piille it out, and cast it fro thee ; for it speedith to thee, that oon of thi membris perishe, than al thi body go in to helle.
30 And jif thi rijt bond sclaundre thee, kitt it awey, and cast it fro thee ; for it spedith to thee, that oon of thi membris perishe, than that al thi body go in to helle.
3 1 Forsothe it is said, "Who euere shal leeue his wyf, 5eue he to hir a libel. ^
32 Sothely Y say to 50U, that euery man that shal leeue his wyf, outaken cause of fornicacioun, he makith hire do lecherie, and he that weddith the forsaken wijf^ doth auoutrie.
33 Efte soonys 566 han herd, that it was said to olde men, Thou shalt not for- swere, sothely to the Lord thou shalt jeeld thin oethis.
34 Forsothe Y say to 50U, to nat swere on al manere ; neither by heuene, for it is the trone of God ;
35 Nether by the erthe, for it is the stole of his feet ; neither by Jerusalem, for it is the citee of a greet kyng ;
36 JsTeither thou shalt swcre by thin heued, for thou maist not make oon heer whyt, or blak ;
37 But be 5oure word 5ea, ^ea ; Nay, nay ; forsot'ie that that is more than this, is of yuel.
TYNDALE, 1526. 21
25 Agre with thine adversary at once, whyles thou arte in the waye with hym, lest thine adversary delyvre the to the iudge, and the iudge delivre the to the minister, and then thou be cast in to preson.
26 I say unto the verely. Thou shalt not come out thence, till thou have jiayed the vtmost farthinge.
27 Ye have herde howe yt Avas sayde to them off olde tyme, Thou shalt nott com- mitt advoutrie.
28 But I say vnto you, that whosoever eyeth a wyfe lustynge affter her, hathe committed advoutrie with her alredy in his hert.
29 Wherfore yf thy right eye offende the, plucke hym out, and caste him from the ; better hit is for the, that one of thy membres perisshe, then that thy whole body shuld be caste in to hell.
30 Also yf thy right honde offend the, cut hj^m off, and caste hym from the ; better hyt ys, that one off thy membris perisshe, then that all thy body shulde be caste in to hell.
31 Hit ys sayd. Whosoever put awaye his wyfe, let hym geve her a testymonyall of her devor cement.
32 But I say vnto you, whosoever put awaye hys wyfe, except hyt be for fornica- tion, causeth her to breake matrimony, and whosoever maryeth her that is di- vorsed, breketh wedlocke.
33 Agayne ye have herde, howe it was sayd to them off olde tyme. Thou shalt not forswere thy silfe, but shaltt performe thyne othe to God.
34 But I say vnto you, swere not at all ; nether by heven, for hit ys Goddcs seate ;
35 Nor yet by the ei'th, ffor it ys hys fote stole ; nether by Jerusalem, ffor hit ys the cite of the grete kynge ;
36 Nether shalt thou sweare by thy heed, because thou canst not make one heer whyte, or blacke ;
37 But your communicacion shalbe Ye, ye ; Nay, nay ; for what soever is more than that, cometh off yvell.
22 GOTHIC, 360.
38 Hausidedu)? jjatei qi})an "ist, Augo und augiu, yali tunjju und tunjjau.
39 1)5 ik qijja izwis, ni andstandan allis Jjamma unselyin ; ak yabai whas }>uk stautai bi taihswon jjeiua kinnu, Avandei imma yah \>o anjjara ;
40 Yah jjamma wilyaudin mi}) })US staua, yah paida ))eina niman, aflet imma yah wastya ;
41 Yah yabai whas jjuk ananaujjyai rasta aina, gaggais mif) imma twos.
43 pamma bidyandin ))uk gibais, yah J)amma Avilyandin af ])us leiwhan sis ni uswandyais.
43 Hausidedu}) )>atei qij^an ist, Friyos newhundyan Jieinana, yah fiais fiand jjein- ana.'''
44 Ajjjjan ik qiJja izwis, friyojj fiyands izwarans, J^iuj^yai)) ))ans wrikandans izwis, waila tauyai}) jjaim hatyandam izwis, yah bidyaij? bi jjans usjji'iutandans izwis ;
45 Ei wair)jai)> sunyiTS attins izwaris ]>\s in himinam, unte suimon seina urranuei|j ana ubilans yah godans, yah rigneijj ana garaihtans yah ana inwindans.
46 Yabai auk friyoj) ))ans friyondans izwis ainans, who mizdono habaij) 1 niu yah )jai jjiudo |jata samo tauyand 1
47 Yah yabai goleijj jpans friyonds izwar- ans jjatainei, whe managizo tauyij) ? niu yah motaryos jjata samo tauyand.
48 Siyaij) nu yus fullatoyai, swaswe atta izwar sa in himinam fullatoyis ist.
Chap. VI. i Atsaiwhijj, armaion iz- wara ni tauyan in andwair)>ya manne, du saiwhan im, aij)))au laun ni habaij) fram attin izwaramma ]jamma in himinam.
2 pan nu tauyais armaion, ni haurnyais faura ))us, swaswe ))ai liutans tauyand in gaqum))im yah in garunsim, ei hauhyain- dau fram mannam ; amen qijja izwis, andnemun mizdon seina.
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
38 Ge gehyrdon''' dset gecweden wses, Eage for cage, and t5|> for tej'.
39 S5|)lice ic seege eow, ne winne ge ongen da de eow yfel d6\> ; ac gyf hwa de slea on din swydre wenge, gegearwa him dset oder ;
40 And dam de wylle on dome wid de flitan, and niman dine tunecan, laet him to dinne wtefels ;
4 i And swa hwa swa de genyt ])usend stapa, ga mid him odre twa jjusend.
42 Syle dam de de bidde, and dam de [wylle] ■•■ set de borgian ne wyrn du him."''
43 Ge gehyrdon dset gecweden wses, Lufa dinne nextan, and hata dinne feond.
44 So}>lice ic secge eow, lufia}) eoAvi-e fynd, and d6]> wel dam de eow yfel d6\>, and gebiddajj for eowre ehteras, and tsel- endum eow ;
45 D?et ge sin eowres feeder beam de on heofonum ys, se de de}) dset his sunne up-aspring}) ofer da godun and ofor da yfelan, and he laet riuan ofer da rihtwisau and ofer da unriht^visan.
46 Gyf ge s6})lice da lufia}) de eow luf- ia}), hwylce mede habba)) ge 1 hu ne do}) manfulle swa 1
47 And gyf ge dset an d5}) dset ge eowre gebr5dra wylcumia}), hwset do ge mare? hii ne do)) hsedene swa ?
48 Eornustlice beo)) fulfremede, swa eower heofonlica fseder is fullfremed.
Chap. VI. i Begyma}), dset ge ne d5n eowre rihtwisnesse beforan mannum, dset ge sin geherede fram him, clles nsebbe ge mede mid eowrum fseder de on heofonum ys.
2 Eornustlice donne du dine selmessan sylle, ne blawe man byman beforan de, swa liccteras do)) on gcsomnuiigum and on wicum, dset hi sin ge-ar\vTir))ode fram mannum ; so)) ic secge eow, hi onfengon hyra mede.
V. 38-VI. 2.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
38 3ee han herde that it is said, Eije for ei^e, totli for totli.
39 But Y say to 3011, to nat a5ein stonde yuel ; but 3if any shal smyte thee in the rijt cheeke, jeue to hym and the tother ;
40 And to hym that wole stryue with thee in dome, and take awey thi coote, leeue thou to hym and thin ouer clothe ;
41 And who euere constrayneth thee a thousand pacis, go thou with hym other tweyne.
42 Forsothe 5if to hym that axith of thee, and turne thou nat awey fro hym that wol borwe of thee.
43 5ee han herd that it is said, Thou shalt loue thin nei3bore, and hate thin enmy.
44 But Y say to 30U, loue 3ee 5oure enmyes, do 3ee wel to hem that haten 50U, and preye 3ee for men pursuynge, and falsly chalengynge 30U ;
45 That 3ee be the sonys of 3oure fadir that is in heuenes, that makith his sune to springe vp vjjon good and yuel men, and rayneth vpon iuste men and vniuste men.
46 For 5if 36 louen hem that louen 30U, what meed shul 3ee haue ? whether and puplicans don nat this thing 1
47 And 3if 3ee greten''" 3oure bretheren oonly, what more ouer shul 366 don 1 whether and paynymmys don nat this thing ]
48 Therfore be 366 parfit, as and 3oure heuenly fadir is parfit.
TYNDALE, 1526.
23
Chap. VI. i Take 3ee hede, lest 30 don 30ur ri3twisnesse before men, that 3ee be seen of hem, ellis 36 shule nat han meed at 30ure fadir that is in heuenes.
2 Therfore when thou dost almesse, nyle thou synge byfore thee in a trumpe, as ypocritis don in synagogis and streetis, that thei ben maad worshipful of men ; forsothe Y saye to 30U, thei han resceyued her meede.
38 Ye have herde howe it ys sayd, An eye for an eye, a tothe for a tothe.
39 But I saye vnto you, that ye with- stond not wronge ; but yf a man geve the a blowe on thy right cheke, tourne to him the othre ;
40 And yft" eny man will sue the at the lawe, and take thy coote from the, lett hym have thy cloocke also ;
41 And whosoever wyll compell the to goo a myle, goo wyth him twayne.
42 Geve to him that axeth, and from him that wolde borowe tourne not awaye.
43 Ye have herde howe it is sayde. Thou shalt love thyne neghbour, and hate thine enemy.
44 But Y saye vnto you, love youre enemies, blesse them that coursse you, do good to them that hate you, praye fFor them which doo you wi"onge, and persecute you ;
45 That ye maye be the chyldren of youre hevenly father, ffor he maketh his sunne to aryse on the yvell and on the good, and sendeth his reyne on the iuste and on the iniuste.
46 For yf ye shall love them which love you, what rewarde shall ye have 1 doo not the publicans even so ?
47 And if ye be frendly to youre bre- thren onli, what singuler thynge doo ye ? doo nott the publicans lykewyse 1
48 Ye shall therfore be perfecte, even as youre hevenly father is perfecte.
Chap. VI. i Take hede to youre almes, that ye geve it not in the syght of men to the intent that ye wolde be sene off them, or els ye gett no rewarde off youre father in heven.
2 Whensoever therfore thou gevest thine almes, thou shalt not make a trompet to be blowne before the, as the ypocrites do in the synagoges and in the stretes, ffbr to be preysed off" men ; verily I say vnto you, they have there rewarde.
24
GOTHIC, 360.
3 i]> ))uk tauyandan armaion, ni witi hleiduniei ))eiua wha tauyi)) taibswo J)eina,
4 Ei siyai so armahairtijja {jeina 'in fulli- snya, yah atta perns saei saiwliij) in fulbsnya, usgibi)) jms in bairlitein.
5 Yah j^an bidyaij), ni siyai |j swaswe })ai liutans, unte fi-iyond in gaqum))im yah waibstam plapyo standandans bidyan, ei gaumyaindau mannam ; amen qi|)a izwis, ]jatei baband mizdon seina.
6 I]) jju \>a,n bidyais, gagg in hej^yon ))eina, yah galukands baurdai jjcinai, bidei du attin j^einainma ))amma in fulb- snya, yali atta jjeins saei saiwhijj in fulbsnya, usgibijj ^us in bairbtein.
7 Bidyandansu)3-})an ni filuwaurdyai|), swaswe ]>ai Jjiudo, [jugkei}? im auk ei in filuwaurdein seinai andbausyaindau.
8 Ni galeiko]? nu j^aim, wait auk atta izwar })izei yus J>aurbuj>, faurj;izei yus bidyaij) ina.
9 Swa nu bidyai}) yus, Atta unsar Jju in biminam, weibnai namo ]>em ;
10 Qimai j^iudinassus ]>ems ; wairjiai wilya J)eins swe in bimina yah ana airjjai ;
1 1 Hlaifunsarana j^ana sinteinan gif uns bimma daga ;
T 2 Yah afiet uns jsatei skulans siyai ma, swaswe yah weis afletam jjaim skulam unsaraim ;
13 Yah ni briggais uns in fraistubnyai, ak lausei uns af j)amma ubilin ; unte jjcina ist ))iudangardi, yah mabts, yah wnl})us in aiwius, Amen.
1 4 Unte yabai afletij? mannam raissaded- ins ize, afletij) yah izwis atta izwar sa ufar biminam.
15 I}) yabai ni afletij? mannam missadcd- ins ize, ni })au atta izwar afletij) missa- dedins izwaros.
16 A})j)an bij)e fastaij), ni wairj)ail) swa- swe j)ai liutans gaurai, frawardyand auk and\vair})ya seina, eigasaiwbaindau mann- am fastandans ; amen qij)a izwis, j)atci andiicmun mizdon seina.
17 Jj) j)u fastands, salbo baubi))' ))ein, yah ludya j)cina j)wab,
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
3 S6j)lice donne dii dine selmessan d5, nyte din wynstre bwset do din swydre,
4 Doet din selmesse sy on diglum, and din feeder bit agylt de, se de gesyhj) on diglum.
5 And donne ge eow gebiddon, ne beo ge swylce liceteras, da lutiaj) dset big gebid- don hi standende on gesommmgum and strseta byi'uum, dtet men big geseon ; soj) ic secge eow, hi onfengon hyi-a mede.
6 Du s6j)lice donne du de gebidde, gang into dinum bed-clyfan,and diure dura bc- locenre, bide dinne fseder on diblum, and din freder de gesybj) on diblum, byt agylt de.
7 Sojjlice donne ge eow gebiddon ncll- on'*' ge sprecan fela, swa swa bsedcne, big wenaj) dset hi sin gebyrede on byra menigfealdan sprsece.
8 Nellen ge eornostlice him ge-efenlsec- an, s6l)lice eower fteder wat bwjet cow j)earf ys, serdam de ge byne biddaj).
9 Eornustlice gebiddaj) eow dus, Fseder ure dii de eart on beofonum, si din nama gebalgod ;
I o To-becume din rice ; gewurde din willa on eorj)an swa swa on beofonum ;
II U'l'nc dsegbwamlican bldf syle ns to-daeg ;
12 And forgyf us ure gyltas, swa swa we forgyfaj) iirum gyltenduni ;
13 And ne gelsed du us on costnunge ac alys us of yfele
S6j>lice.
1 4 Witodlice gyf ge forgyfaj) mannum byra synna, donne forgyfj) eower se beof- enlica ftuder eow eowre gyltas.
1 5 Gyf ge s6])lice ne forgyfaj) mannum, ne eower feeder ne forgyfj) eow eowle synna. ■•■
16 S6j)lice donne ge faeston, ncllon go wesan swylce lease-licceteras, big fornym- aj> byra ansyna, dait big ajteowun mannum faestende ; s6|)lice ic secge eow, dii't big onfengon byra mcde.
17 Du s6})lice doiHie du fa?ste, smyra din bcafod, and j)weab dine ansyne,
VI. 3-17.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
3 But thee doynge ahnesse, knowe nat the left liond what thi ri3t hond doth,
4 That thi almes be in hidlis, and thi fadir that seetlb in hidlis, shal 5elde to thee.
5 And when 5e shuln preye, jee shuln nat be as ypocritis, the whiche stondynge louen to preye in synagogis and corners of streetis, that thei be seen of men ; trewly Y say to 50U, thei han resseyued her meede.
6 But whan thou shalt preye, entre in to thi couche, and the dore schet, preye thi fadir in hidlis, and thi fadir that seeth in hidlis, shal 5eelde to thee.
7 Sothely preyinge nyle 5ee speke moche, as hethen men don, for thei gessen that thei ben herd in theire moche speche.
8 Therfore nyl 3e be maad liche to hem, for 5oure fadir woot what is need to 50U, before that 50 axen hym.
9 Forsothe thus 5e shulen preyen, Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halwid be thi name ;
I o Thi kyngdom cumme to ; be thi wille don as in heuen and in erthe ;
I I 5if to vs this day oure breed oner other substaunce ;
1 2 And for3eue to vs oure dettis, as we for3eue to oure dettours ;
13 And leede vs nat in to temptacioun, but delyuere vs fro yuel. Ameu.^
14 Forsothe 3if 3ee shulen for3eue to men her synnys, and 3oure heuenly fadir shal for3eue to 30U 30ure trespassis.
1 5 Sothely 3if 3ee shulen for3eue not to men, neither 3oure fadir shal for3eue to 30U 3oure synnes.
1 6 But when 3ee fasten, nyl 36 be maad as ypocritis sorweful, for thei putten her facis out of hjndly termys, that thei seme fastynge to men ; trewly Y say to 30U, thei han resseyued her meede.
17 But whan thou fastist, anoynte thin hede, and washe thi face.
TYNDALE, 1526.
25
3 But when thou doest thine almes, let not thy lyfte hond knowe what thy righte hand doth,
4 That thyue almes may be secret, and thy father which scith in secret, shall rewarde the openly.
5 And when thou prayest, thou shalt nott be as the ypocrites are, for they love to stond and praye in the synagogges and in corners of the stretes, because they wolde be sene of men ; vereley I saye vnto you, they have there rewarde.
6 But when thou prayest, entre into thy chamber, and shutt thy dore to the, and praye to thy father which ys in secrete, and thy fatlier which seith in secret, shal rewarde the openly.
7 But when ye praye bable not moche, as the gentyls do, for they thincke that they shalbe herde fFor there moche bab- lynges sake.
8 Be ye not lyke them there fore, for youre father knoweth wherof ye have neade, before ye axe off him.
9 After thys maner there fore praye ye, 0 oure father which arte in heven, halow- ed be thy name ;
I o Let thy kingdom come ; thy wyll be fulfilled as well in erth as hit ys in heven ;
I I Geve vs this daye oure dayly breade ;
1 2 And forgeve vs oure treaspases, even as we forgeve them which treaspas vs ;
13 Leede vs not into temptacion, but delyvre vs ffrom yvell. Amen.
14 For and yff ye shall forgeve other men thei-e treaspases, youre father in heven shal also forgeve you.
15 But and ye wyll not forgeve men there trespases, no more shall youre father forgeve youre treaspases.
1 6 Moreovre when ye faste, be not sad as the yijrocrites are, for they disfigure there faces, that hit myght apere vnto men that they faste ; verely Y say vnto you, they have there rewarde.
17 But thou when thou fastest, ann- oynte thyue heed, and washe thy face.
26 GOTHIC, 360.
1 8 Ei ni gasaiwhaizau mannam fastands, ak attin jjeinamma J^amma m fulhsnya, yah atta )>eins saei saiwbi]) in fulhsnya, usgibij) jms.
1 9 Ni huzclyaijj izwis huzda ana au'J)ai, jjarei malo yah nidwa frawardeij>, yah Jjarei J>iubos ufgraband yah hlifand ;
20 I|) huzdyai)) 'izwis huzda in himina, j^arei nih malo nih nidwa frawardeif), yah ))arei j^iuhos ni ufgraband, nih stiland.
2 1 pai-ei auk ist huzd izwar, Jjaruh ist yah hairto izwar.
22 Lukarn leikis ist augo ; yabai nu augo ))ein ainfaljj ist, allata leik J>ein liuh- adein wairjji]) ;
23 I]j yabai augo ]>em unsel ist, allata leik Jjein riqizein wair]?ijj. Yabai nu liuha]) jjata in ])us riqiz ist, jjata riqiz whan filu 1
24 Ni manna mag twaim frauyam skalkinon, unte yabai fiyai]) ainana, yah anjjarana fi'iyojj ; aijjjjau ainamma ufhaus- eij), 'i\> anj^aramma frakann. Ni maguj) Gujja skalkinon yah mammonin.^
25 Du])))e qijja izwis, ni maurnai]? saiw- alai izwarai, wha matyaij> yah Avha drigkaijj ; nih leika izwaramma, whe wasyai)). Niu saiwala mais ist fodeinai, yah leik wastyom 1
26 Insaiwhi}) du fuglam himinis, ]>ei ni saiand, nih sneijjand, nih lisand in banst- ins ; yah atta izwar sa ufar himinam fodei}) ins. Niu yus mais wuljjrizans siyu)) J)aira 1
27 1|) whas izwara maurnands mag anaaukan ana wahstu seinana aleina ainal
28 Yah bi wastyos wha saurgaijj ? Ga- kunnai}) blomans hai})yos, whaiwa wahs- yand. Nih ai'baidyand, nih spinnand ;
29 Qijjuh J)an izwis, Jiatei nih Saulaumon in allamma wuljjau seinamma gawasida sik swe ains |jize.
30 Yah })ande })ata hawi hai|)yos, himma daga wisando, yah gistradagis in aulm
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
1 8 Dset du ne sy gesewen fram mann- um fa?stende, ac diuum fajder de ys on dyglum, and din fjeder de gesyh|j on dyglum, hyt agylt de.
19 Nellen ge gold-hordian eow gold- hordas on eorjjan, dter 6m and mo]j|)e hit fornim)), and Ciser Jjeofas hit delfaj) and forstela|> ;
20 Gold-hordia]j eow sojjlice gold-hordas on heofenan, dier nador 6m ne mojjj^e hit ne fornim]), and dar jjeofas hit ne delfaj), ne ne forstela)).
21 Witodlice dser din gold-hord is, dter is din heorte.
22 Dines lichaman leohtfoet is din cage ; gyf din cage bij) anfeald, eall din lichama bi]) beorht ;
23 Gif din eage s6j)lice bi]) manfull, eall din lichama by}) ])ysterfull. Eorn- ustlice gyf doet leoht de on de is synt })ystru, hu mycle beo]) da ]»ystru P
24 Ne mseg nan man twam hlafordum ])eowian, odde he s6])lice senne hata]>, and oderne lufa]) ; odde he bi]) anum gehyrsum, and 6drum ungehyrsum. Ne magon ge Gode Jjeowian and woruld- welan.
25 Fovdam ic seege eow, dset ge ne sin ymbhydige eowre sawle, hwset ge eton ; ne eowrum lichaman, mid hwam ge syn ymbscrydde. Hu nys seo sawl selre donne mete, and eower lichama betera donne dset reaf 1
26 Behealda]) heofonan fuglas, fordam de hig ne sawa]), ne hig ne ri])a]), ne hig ne gadria]) on berne ; and eower heof- onlica fsedcr hig fet. Hu ne synt ge selran donne hig 1
27 Hwylc eower mseg s6])lice ge})encan dset he ge-eacnige ane elne to hys an- licnesse 1
28 And to hwi synt ge ymbhydige be reafe ? BesceawiaJ) secyres lilian, hu hig weaxa]). Ne swinca]) hig, ne hig ne spinna)) ;
29 Ic secge eow s6j)lice, dret furdon Salomon on eallum hys wuldre naes oferwrigen swa swa an of dyson.
30 S6j)lice gyf 8ec}Tes weod, dset de to-dseg is, and bi]) to-morgen on ofen
VI. i8-3o.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
18 That thou be nat seen fastynge to men, but to thi fadir that is in hicUis, and thi fadir that seeth in hidlis, shal 3eelde to thee.
19 Nyle 56 tresoure to 30U tresours in erthe, wher rust and mou5the distruy- eth, and Avher theeues deluen out and etelen ;
20 But tresovTre 566 to 50U tresouris in heuene, wher neither rust ne mou5the distruyeth, and wher theues deluen nat out/ ue stelen.
2 1 Forsothe wher thi tresour is, there and thin herte is.
22 The lanterne of thi body is thin eje ; 5if thin ei5e be symple, al thi body shal be li5tful ;
23 Bot 5if thyn ei^e be weyward, al thi body shal be derkful. Therfore 5if the li3t that is in thee be derknessis, how grete shulen thilk derknessis be 1
24 No man may serue to two lordis, for- sothe ethir he shal haat the toon, and lone the tother ; other he shal susteyn the toon, and dispise the tothir. 3^ mown nat serue to God and richessis,
25 Therfore Y say to 50U, that 56 ben nat besie to 5oure lijf, what 5e shulen ete ; othir to 3oure body, with what 5e shuln be clothid. Wher 30ure lijf is nat more than mete, and the body more than clothe 1
26 Beholde je the flee3inge foulis of the eir, for thei sowen nat, ne repyn, neither gadren in to bernys ; and joure fadir of heuen fedith hem. Wher je ben nat more worthi than thei 1
27 Sothely who of 50U thenkinge may putte to to his stature 00 cubite ?
28 And of clothing what ben 50 besye ? Beholde 56 the lilies of the feelde, how thei wexen. Thei traueilen nat, nether spynnen ;
29 Trewlyl say to 30U, for whi neither Salamon in al his glorie was keuerid as con of thes.
30 For :;if God clothith thus the heye of the feeld, that to day is, and to morwe
TYNDALE, 1526.
27
18 That it appere nott vnto men howe that thou fastest, but vnto thy father which is in secrete, and thy father which seith in secret, shall rewarde the openly.
19 Gaddre not treasure together ou erth, where rust and mothes corrupte, and where theves breake through and steal e ;
20 But gaddre ye treasure togedder in heven, where nether rust nor mothes coiTupte, and wher theves nether breake vp, nor yet steale.
2 1 For whearesoever youre treasure ys, there are youre hertes also.
22 The light oflFthybodyis thyne eye ; wherfore if thyne eye be single, all thy body ys full of light ;
23 But and if thyne eye be wycked, then is all thy body full of derckues. Wherefore yf the light that is in the be dercknes, howe greate ys that dercknes 1
24 No man can serve two masters, for other he shall hate the one, and love the other ; or els he shall lene the one, and despise the other. Ye can nott serve God and mammon.
25 Therefore I saye vnto you, be not carefull for youre lyfe, what ye shall eate, or what ye shall dryncke ; nor yet for youre boddy, what rayment ye shall weare. Ys not the lyfe more worth then meate, and the boddy more off value then ray- ment 1
26 Beholde the foules of the aier, for they sowe not, neder reepe, nor yet cary into the barnes ; and yett youre hevenly father fedeth them. Are ye not better then they 1
27 Whiche off you though be toke tought therefore coulde put one cubit vnto his stature 1
28 And why care ye then for rayment ? Beholde the lyles off the felde, howe thy growe. They labour not, nether spynn ;
29 And yet for all that I sale vnto you, that even Solomon in all his royalte was nott arayed lyke vnto one of these.
30 Wherfore yf God so clothe the gi-asse, which ys to daye in the felde, and
28
GOTHIC, 360.
galagi]>, Gul> swa wasyij), vvliaiwa mais izwis leitil galaubyandans 1
3 1 Ni maurnaij? nu, qij^andans, Wlia matyam 1 aij)l)au, Wba drigkam 1 aijjjjau, Whe wasyaima 1
32 All auk J)ata jjiudos sokyand ; waituh Jian atta Tzwar sa ufar luuiinam Jjatei paurbu})
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
asend, God scryfc, eala ge geliwsedes geleafan, dam mycle ma he scryt eow 1
3 1 Nellen ge eornustlice beon ymbhyd- ige, dus cwedende, Hwoet ete we*? odde, Hwfet drince we 1 odde, Mid hwam beo we oferwrogene ■?
32 Sojjlice ealle das J)ing jjeoda scceaj? ; ■\vitodlice eower feeder wat dajt ge ealra dyssa ])inga be])urfoii.
33 Eornustlice secea)j sercst Godes rice and hys rihtwisnesse, and ealle das J)ing eow beo]> dser-to ge-eacnode.
34 Ne beo ge na hogiende ymb da morgenlican neode, so))lice se morgenlica dseg cara)) ymb byne sylfne; segbwylc da3g bsefjj geu5b on hys agenum ymb- bofifan.
■• Chap VII. i Nellen ge deman, duet ge ne syn fordemede ; • 2 Witodlice dam ylcan dome de ge demaj), eow bi]? gedemed, and on dam ylcan gemete de ge metaj), cow byj> gemeten.
3 To bwi gesibst du dset mot on dines brodor egan, and du ne gesybst done beam on dinum agenum eagau 1
4 Odde bumeta cwyst du to dinum breder, Brodur, ])afa dset ic ut-ad5 daet mot of dinum eagan, donne se beam bi|j on dinum agenum eagan ?
5 La du liccetere, ado serest ut done beam of dinum agenum eagan, and be- bawa donne dast dii lit-ado dset mot of dines brodur eagan.
6 Nellen ge syllan dset halige bundum, nc ge no wurpcn eo^vl•e merc-grotu to- foi'an cowrum s^vynon, de-]a>s big mid byi-a fotum big fortrcdon, and big donne ongcan gewende eow toslyton.^
7 BiddaJ), and eowbij) gcseald ; seceaj), and ge bit finda]) ; cnucia]), and eow bij) ontyncd.
8 Witodlice rclc dosra dc bit, he onfclij) ; and se de sec|), lie byt fint ; and dam cnucicndum bij) onty^ned.
VI.3I.— Vn.8.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
is sente in to the fourneyse, how moche more 30U of litil feith ]
31 Therfore nyl 56 be bisie, sayinge, What shuleii we ete 1 or, What shuleii we dryuke 1 or, With wliat thing shulen we be keuered ?
32 Forsothe heithen men sechen alle these thingis ; trewly 5oure ftidir wote that 3e han need to alle these thingis.
33 Therfore seke 566 first the kyngdam of God and his ri3twisnesse, and alle these thingis shulen be cast to 30U.
34 Therfore nyle 3e be besie in to the morwe, for the morew day shal be besie to it self; sothely it sufficith to the day his malice.
TYNDALE, 1526.
29
Chap. VII. i Nyle 3e deme, that 36 be nat dernyd ;
2 For in what dome 3e demen, 36 shulen ben demyd, and in what mesure 36 meten, it shal be meten to 30U.
3 But what seest thou a festu''' in the 6136 of tin brother, and thou seest nat a heme in thin owne ei3e 1
4 Or what raaner saist thou to thi brother, Brother, suffre that I caste out a festu fro thin ei3e, and loo ! a heme is in thin owne ei3e 1
5 Ypocrite, cast out first a heme of thin ei3e, and than thou shalt see for to cast out a festu of the ei5e of thi brother.
6 Nyl 36 3eue holy thing to houndis, nether sende 36 3our margaritis''' before swyne, lest perauenture thei defoulen hem with theire feet, and lest houndis turned to gidre al to-breke 30U.
7 Axe 36, and it shal be 30uen to 30U ; scke 3e, and 36 shulen fynde ; knocke 36, and it shal be opnyd to 30U.
8 For eche that axith, takith ; and he that sechith, fyndith ; and it shal be opnyde to a man knokynge.
to morowe shalbe cast into the fournace, shall he not moche more do the same vnto you, o ye off" lytle fayth 1
31 Therfore take no thought, saynge, What sliall we eate 1 or, What shall we dryncke 1 or, Wherewith shall we be clothed ?
32 Aftre all these thynges seke the gcutyls ; for youre hevenly father know- eth that ye have neade off" all these thynges.
33 But rather seke ye fyrst the kyng- dom off" heven and the rightewesnes ther of, and all these thynges shalbe ministred vnto you.
34 Care not therfore for the daye folo- ynge, for the daye foloynge shall care ffbr yt sylfe ; eche dayes trouble ys sufficient for the same silfe day.
Chap. VII. i ludge not, lest ye be iudged ;
2 For as ye iudge, so shall ye be iudged, and with what mesur ye mete, with the same shall it be mesurd to you agayne.
3 Why seist thou a moote in thy brothers eye, and percevest not the beame that ys in thyne awne eye 1
4 Or why sayest thou to thy brother, Suffre me to plucke oute a moote oute off' thyne eye, and behold ! a beame is in thyne awne eye 1
5 Ypocryte, first cast oute the beame oute of thyne awne eye, and then shalte thou se clearly to plucke oute the moote oute off" thy brothers eye.
6 Geve not that which is holy to dogges, nether cast ye youre pearles before swyne, lest they treade them vnder their fete, and the other tourne agayne and all to rent you.
7 Axe, and it shalbe geven you ; seke, and ye shall fynd; knocke, and it shalbe opened vnto you.
8 For whosoever axeth, receaveth ; and he that seketh, fyndeth ; and to hym that knocketh it shalbe opened.
30
GOTHIC, 360.
yaina izwis mans, swa
yah yus tauyaij) im, jjata auk ist ^y\tQjj> yah prauteteis.
! 3 Inngaggaij) |)airh aggwT.1 daiir ; unte braid daur, yah rums wigs sa brigganda in frahistai, yah managai sind ]>ai inn- galei]?andans |)airh })ata.
14 "Whan aggwu j^ata daur, yah J)raih- ans wigs, sa brigganda in Hbainai, yah fawai sind Jjai bigitandans ])ana.
15 AtsaiwhiJ> swejjauh fauraliugnaprau- fetum, )>aim izei qimand at izwis in wastyom lambe, i]j iuna|)ro sind wulfos wilwandans ;
16 Bi akranam ize ufkunnai]) ins. Ibai lisanda of jjaurnum weinabasya, ai]5))au af wigadeinom smakkans 1
1 7 Swa all bagme godaize akrana goda gatauyi]) ; ij> sa ubila bagms akrana ubila gaiauyijj.
18 Ni mag bagms ]jiu|jeig3 akrana ubila gatauyan, nih bagms ubils akrana J)iu)>eiga gatauyan.
19 All bagme ni tauyandane akrau god, usmaitada, yah in fon atlagyada.
20 pannu bi akranam ize ufkunnaijj ins.
21 Ni whazuh saei qi}''}' mis, Frauya, Frauya, inngalei|'iJ5 in Jjiudangardya liim- ine ; ak sa tauyands wilyan attins meinis ]jis in himinam.
22 Managai qij^and mis in yainamma daga, Frauya, Frauya, niu jjeinamma nam- in pranfetidedum, yah Jjeinamma nam- in unliullions uswaurpum, yah jjoinamma namin mahtiiis mikilos sratawidedum 1
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
9 Hwylc man is of row, gyf his sunu hyne bit hlafes, sylst du him stan 1
10 Odde gyf he bytt fisces, sylst du him na>ddran 1
1 1 Eornustlice nu ge, de yfele synt, cunnun gode sylena eowrum bearnum syllau, mycle ma eower feeder de on heofenum ys syle]) god dam de hyne biddajj ?
12 Eornustlice ealle da ]>h^g, de ge wyllen dast men eow don, doj) ge him dait sylfe, dset ys s6])lice eb and witcgena bebod.
1 3 Ganga]) inn j^urh da;t nearwe geat ; fordon de dtet geat is SAvyde wid, and so weg is swide rum de to forspilleduesse gelset, and swyde manega synt de ))urh done weg fara)).
14 Eala hu neara and hu angsum is dret geat, and se weg, de to life gclaedt, and swyde feawa synt de done weg findon.^'
1 5 Warnia]j eow fram leasum witegum, da curna]) to eow on sceapa gegyi-elum, ac hig beo]) innane reafigende wulfas ;
x6 Fram hyi-a wsestmun ge lii under- gyta|j. Cw}'st du gadera^ man win- berian of jjoruum, odde fic-seppla of J)yrncinum 1
1 7 Swa selc g5d treow byr)) gode waest- mas ; and selc yfel treow byTj> yfele wsestmas.
18 Ne mgeg dset gode treow beran yfle wsestmas, ne dset yfele treow gode wsestmas.
1 9 ^'Ic treow de ne hjr\> godne wsestm, sy hyt forcorfen, and on fyr aworpen.
20 Witodlice be hyra waestmum ge hig oncnawajj.
21 Ne gBe}> sclc dsera on hcofena rice, do cwy|) to me, Drihten, Driliten ; ac se de wyrcj) mines fa;derwillan de on heof- enum is, se gsej) on heofena rice.
2 2 Manege cwcda)> on dam da?gc to me, Drihten, Drihten, hu ne witegode we on dinum naman, and on dinum naman we ut-awurpon dcoflu, and on dinum naman we worhton mycle mihta 1
VII. 9-22.] WYCLIFFE, 1389.
9 Other who of 5011 is a man, whom jif his sone axe breed, wher he shal dresse to hym a stoou 1
10 Other 5if he shal axe a fishe, wher he shal dresse to hym a serpent 1
11 Therfore 5if ^e, when 36 ben yuel men, han knowen for to jeue good thing- us 5ouen to 5oure sonys, hou myche more 5oure fadir that is in heuenes shal jeue good thingis to men axinge hym 1
1 2 Therfore alle thingis, what euer thingis 5ee wolen that men don to 50U, and 56 do to hem, forsothe these thingis ben the lawe and prophetis.
13 Entre 5e bi the streyt 5ate ; for the gate that ledith to perdicioun"'" is brode, and the weye large, and ther ben many that entren bi it.
1 4 How streit is the 5ate, and narewe the weye, that ledith to lijf, and there ben fewe that fynden it.
15 Perceyue 56, and flee fro fals pro- phetis, the whiche cummen to 50U in clothingis of sheepis, bot wythynne thei ben rauyshynge wolues ;
16 Of her fruytis 36 shulen knowe hem. \Yhether men gaderen grapis of thornys, or fijgis of breeris ?
17 So eueiy good tree makith good fruytis ; sothely an yuel tree makith yuel fiuytis.
18 A good tree may nat make yuel fruytis, nether an yuel tree make good fruytis.
19 Euei-y tree that makith nat good fruyt, shal be kitte doun, and shal be sent in to the fire.
20 Therfoi'e of her fruytis 366 shulen knowe hem.
21 Nat eche man that saith to me, Lord, Lord, shal entre into the kyngdara of heuenes ; but he that doth the wille of my fadir that is in heuenes, he shal entre in to the kyngdam of heuenes.
22 Many shul say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, whether we han nat pro- phecied in thi name, and han cast out deuelis in thi name, and han don many vertues in thi name 1
TYNDALE, 1526.
31
9 Ys there eny man among you, which wolde proffer his sonne a stone, if he axed him In-eed 1
T o Or if he axed fysshe, wolde he proffer hyme a serpent 1
1 1 Yff ye then, whiche are evyll, cann geve to youre chyldren good gyftes, howe moche moore shall youre father which ys in heven geve good thynges to them that axe off hym 1
1 2 Therfore, whatsoever ye wolde that men shulde do to you, even so do ye to them, this ys the lawe and the pro- jDhettes.
13 Enter in at the strayte gate ; ffor wyde is the gate, and broade ys the waye thatt leadeth to destruccion, and many there be which goo yn there att.
1 4 For strayte ys the gate, and narowe is the waye, that leadeth vnto lyfe, and feawe there be that fyude it.
15 Beware off falce prophettes, Avhiche come to you in shepes clothynge, but in- wardly they are ravenynge wolves ;
•
1 6 Ye shall knowe them by their frutes. Do men gaddre grapes off thornes, or figges of bryi-es 1
I'j Even soo evry good tree bryngethe forthe good frute ; butt a corrupte tree biyugethe forthe evyll frute.
18 A good tree cannott brynge forthe bad frute, nor yett a bad tree can brynge forthe good frute.
1 9 Every tree that bryngethe not forthe good frute, shalbe hewne doune, and cast into the fyi'e.
20 Wherfore by there frutes ye shall knowe them.
21 Not all they thatt say vnto me, Master, Master, shall enter into the kyngdome off heven ; but he that ful- filleth my fathers will which ys in heven.
2 2 [Many will saye to me yn that daye, Master, Master, have we nott in thy name prophesied, and in thy name have we not cast oute devyls, and in thy name have we nott done many miracles 1
32
GOTHIC, 360.
23 Yah ))an andhaita im, patei ni whan- Imn kunjja "izwis ; aflei])ij) fairra mis, yus waurkyandans iinsibyana.
24 Whazuh nu saei hauseijj waurda iiieina, yah tauyijj J)0, galeiko ina waira frodamma, saei gatiinrida razn seiu aua staina.
25 Yah afiddya dah\|5 rign, yah qemun awhos, yah waiwoun windos, yah bistvigq- uu bi Jjanima razna yainamma ; yah ni gadraus, unte gasuli)> was ana staina.
26 Yah whazuh saei hausei]? waurda meina, yah ni tauyi}> j^o, galeikoda mann dwalamma, saei gatimrida razn sein ana mahnin.
27 Yah afiddya daLaJ> rign, yah qemun awhos, yah waiwoun windos, yah bistugq- un bi yainamma razna ; yah gadraus, yah was drus 'is mikils.
28 Yah war)), l)an ustauh lesus^ \>o waurda, biabridedun manageins ana lais- einai is ;
29 Was auk laisyands ins, swewaldufni habands, yah ni swaswe bokaryos.
Chap. VIII. i Dala)j ))an atgaggandin inima af fairgunya, laistidedun afar im- ma "iumyous manages.
2 Yali sai ! manna J^rutsfill habands durinnands inwait i'na, qij^ands, Frauya, yabai wilcis, magt mik gahrainyan.
3 Yah ufrakyands handu, attaitok im- ma, qij/ands, Wilyau, waii')) hrains. Yali suns hrain war]) Jjata ])rutsfill is.
4 Yah qaj) imma lesus, Saiwh, ei mann ni qi|)ais ; ak gagg, ))uk silban ataugei gudyin, yah atbair giba ))oei anabauj) Moses, du weitwodijjai im.
5 Afaruh })an J^ata innatgaggandin im- ma in Kafarnaum,duatiddya imma liunda- fa])S, bidyands ina,
6 Yah (lij'ands, Frauya, {)iumagus mcins ligi)) in garda usli|)a, harduba balwijis.
ANGLO-SAXON, 995. [St. Matt.
23 Donne cwede ic to him, Da;t ic eow n&fre ne ciicte ; gewita)) fram me, ge de Avorhton unryhtwysnesse.
24 Eornusthce sclc dajra de das mine word gchyr|), and da wyrcj), bij) geHc dam wisan were, se hys hiis ofer stan getimbrode.
25 Da com djer ron, and mycele flod, and dajr bleowun windas, and ahruron on dajt hus ; and hyt na ne feoll, sojjlice hit wses ofer stan getimbrod.
26 And 3elc dsera de gehyr)> das mine word, and da ne wyrcj), se bi)) gelic dam dysigan men, de getimbrode hys hiis ofer sand-ceosel.
27 Da rinde hit, and d?er comun flod, and bleowun windas, and ahruron on da^t hus ; and daet hus feoll, and hys hryre woes my eel. ^
28 Da wfes geworden, da se Haelend das word ge-endode, da wundrode da^t folc his lare ;
29 So])lice he Iserde, swylce he anweald hsefde, and na SAva swa hyra boceras, and Sundor-halsan.
Chap. VIII. i S6))lice da se Htelend^" of dam miinte nyder-astilh, da fyligdon hyni mycle m?cnio.
2 Dii gcnealcehte an hreofla to him, and hine to him ge-eadmedde, and dus cwa'|>, Drihten, gyf dii wylt, dii milit mc go- chOnsian.
3 Dii astrehte se H^clend hys hand, and hrepode hyne, and dus cwa3)), Ic wylle, bco gechvnsod. And hys hreofla wajs hroedlice geclsensod.
4 Dii cwfe)) se Htelend to him, Warna de, dajt dii hyt nsenegum men ne secge ; ac gang, aateowe de dam sacci-de, and bring hym da lac de Moyses bebcad, on hyra gecydnesse.
5 »S6))lice da se Hadend ineode on Capharnaum, da gcnca1?clitc