Ninetieth Ye«ir. Tros Tyrlusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. V Ol. 1 i .1 t IN O. — .

THE

NOKTH AMERICAN REVIEW

EDITED B7 GEORGE HARVEY.

August, 1904.

The Baltic Fleet and the Northeast Passage,

Rear-Admiral G. W. MELVILLE, U. S. N.

Automobile Legislation, The Hon. JOHN SCOTT-MONTAGU, M. P. The Present Crisis in Trades-Union Morals. . JANE ADDAMS Obstacles to Reform in Turkey .... CHARLES MORAWITZ

The Principle of Probation CHARLTON T. LEWIS

More Truth about Women in Industry, ELIZABETH CARPENTER The Restriction of Immigration . . . ROBERT De C. WARD

British Shipping and the State BENJAMIN TAYLOR

The Dark Rosaleen HENRY W. NEVINSON

Folly of Chinese Exclusion H. H. BANCROFT

A Glance at World Politics SYDNEY BROOKS

Can Congress Constitutionally Give Filipinos Independence?

I. It Can H. A.

II. It Cannot , J. H. C.

THE SON OF ROYAL LANGBRITH.— VIII.

A Novel by

W. D. HOWELLS

LOSDOK : WM. HEINEMANN, 21 Bedford St., W. C.

NEW YOEK: FKANKLIN SQUARE.

PARIS : BRENTAXO'S, 37 Avenue de 1'Opera.

Single Number, 5Oc.

Published Monthly.

Per Annum, $5.

Dr. Lapponi

Physician to the Late Pope Leo XIII., and Now Physici&n in Ordinary to Pope Pius X., Finds

BUFFALO UTHIA WATER

Of "Marvelous Efficacy in Gout. Rheumatism, Castro-intestinal Dyspepsia, Gravel, and in all the Various Forms oi Uric Acid Diathesis."

Following l« Exact Translation of Dr. Lapponi's Testimonial as Written by Himself:

ROMS, August 24, 1903. — In the Hospital of San Giovanni Calibrita (del Patebene Fratelli) in Rome, directed by myself, I have largely experimented with the nat- Dl|«xill A I ITUIM tlfftTTD ural mineral water placed in commerce under the came of DUcfAliU UlfUA IfftlUL

and am glad to be able to attest that, by its richness of composition of lithia, it is of marvelous efficacy in cases of Gout, of Chronic, Articular, and Muscular Rheumatism, of Hepatic Congestions and Func tional Disorders, of Gastrointestinal Dyspepsia, of Gravel and Renal Insufficiency, of light Nephritic Affections and of all the various forms of Unc Acid Diathesis.

The same water is also to be recommended highly in the initial processes of Arterio-sclerosis and in obstinate forms of Bronchial Asthma. May also be used as a good table water. So much I declare for the truth. (Signed) PROP. GIDSEPPR LAPPONI.

Principal Physician of the Hospital of San Giovanni Calibrita (del Fatebene Fratelli) in Rome,

Member of the Academy of Medicine of Rome, etc,, etc.

ttHVEtfll A I ETUI A HfsVH II *s 'or iale ^y Grocers and Druggists, generally. Testimonials HVX F/tLU Ll 1 nlA ItJU IK which defy all imputation or question sent to any address,

HOTEL AT SPRINGS NOW OPEN.

PROPRIETOR BUFFALO LITHIA SPRINGS, VIRGINIA.

All over the civilized world

THE IMPROVED

BOSTON

GARTER

IS KNOWN AND WORN

Every Pair Warranted

The Name 1$ stamped 00 every loop —

CUSHION BUTTON

CLASP

Lies flat to the leg— never 3, Tears nor Unfastens

ALWAYS EASY

Send

fiOc. for Silk, 260. for Cotton, Sample Fair.

REFUSE ALL SUBSTITUTES

GEO. FROST CO., Makers, Boston, Miss., U. S. A.

The Williams Typewriter Co.

KCW YOMC

a» •»!»•«

OPFlCUl

OCR.BV. COW, V..S.1A.

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW ADVERTISER

GAP

THE

NUJIT 6r OVER

1OO

\YEARS' kPERIENCE

IN SOAP MAKING

5ecause it is matchless to cleanse. soften and freshen the delicate skin-fabric, it is the most popular soap m every quarter of the globe.

Pears' Lavender Water — A most refreshing luxury for the toilet.

"All rights secured."

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW ADVERTISER

A\ALTO-RlCE

A food even better than Cook's Flaked Rice

It is Rice and Malt

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW ADVERTISER

BUDWEISER Is the product of

Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass n

St. Louis. U.S.A.

You will not have seen St. Louis' Greatest Attraction if you fail to visit the Anheuser-Busch Brewery while attending the World's Fair. Competent guides, speaking all modern languages, in attendance.

THE A'OA'77/ AMERICAN REVIEW ADVERTISER

In Search of the Unknown

By ROBERT W. CHAMBERS

Author of" The Maids of Paradise "

This captivating story describes the strange adventures and novel love affairs of a young student of science who accompanies a learned professor on expeditions in search of the un known in nature. While the professor is on the track of some new discoveries, the student meets several girls, and half a dozen love affairs develop. Mr. Chambers has drawn his girls with his usual felicity, and their engaging charms are all the more piquant dis played in such fantastic surroundings.

Post 8<vo, Cloth, $1.50

The Givers

By MARY E. WILKINS FREEMAN

Author of "The Portion of Labor"

These are Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's latest stories. The title story — "The Givers" — is a laughable tale of the revolt of a sturdy, strong-minded woman against the inappropriateness of the Christmas gifts with which she is deluged by her unthinking friends. How she leads each in turn to re place her gift with some homely, serviceable article is a triumph of rough-handed New England diplomacy and a highly amusing tale.

Illustrated Post 8^0, Cloth, $1.25

The Light V of the Star

By HAMLIN GARLAND

Author of "The Captain of the Gray-Horse Troop," " Hesper"

Hamlin Garland brings to this romance all the vigor of style displayed in his Western tales, and pictures stage-life in New York to-day with the same convincing touch with which he has written of the plains. The glitter of the stage, the interesting episodes of life behind the scenes, and the surge of life upon Broadway are drawn with a master touch.

Post 8*bo, Ornamented Cloth, $1.50

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK

THE FOLLY OF CHINESE EXCLUSION.

BY HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT, AUTHOR OF "THE HISTORY OP WESTERN NORTH AMERICA/' ETC.

PRIOR to the discovery of gold in California, there were but few Chinese in America. Then the influence which penetrated every industry and every quarter of the globe aroused to activity the dormant energies even of the almond-eyed Celestial; and, among the five hundred vessels which lay anchored in San Fran cisco Bay during the winter of 1849, were seen a few junks of the Asiatic type, abandoned, like the more pretentious craft, by all save perhaps a solitary keeper. All the late occupants of this promiscuous shipping formed part of the inrushing fifty thousand, of every clime and color, that flitted restlessly about the Sierra foothills in search of large and immediate wealth. A hundred evanescent towns sprang up amidst hundreds of mining-camps, most of them dying before fairly drawing the breath of life. On the outskirts of these towns, or at a little distance from the min ing-camps, with now and then a retired camp exclusively their own, were seen nests of Chinese in brush huts, the first of that hypothetical horde which, we were assured, was soon to over whelm Christendom.

As every one knows, there was at this time no lawful govern ment in California, Congress being engaged over the question of its admission as a slave State or a free State. It was a new and open wilderness, with none at hand to deny the right to any to enter and gather at pleasure. At first, no thought was given to this or any other right. But, presently, the American mind be gan to consider : " Is this gold, for which we fought in Mexico, to go without price or restriction to others the same as to our selves?" To Englishmen, Frenchmen, and Germans, bluster was all that the American miners deemed it prudent at that time to

264 THE WORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.

offer; but Mexicans, or "greasers" as they were called, Italians or " Dagoes/' Kanakas, negroes, and above all the mild-mannered man from China, the rightful owners of the soil did not hesitate to face with guns, and sometimes to kill. For, as naturally as water seeks a level, so men unrestrained by force of law seek some object weaker than themselves on which to vent their preju dices and passions. The Japanese, not having yet emerged from their chrysalis state, were not present in any considerable numbers; but Indians and Chinese afforded their masters easy and interesting exercise. It required evidence almost as palpable as finding the horns and hoofs of a " cow critter " within a mile of them to justify the extermination of an Indian rancheria; where as the occupation of good diggings by Chinese was reason enough for driving them away with blows, or even with slaughter if they offered resistance.

The persecution of the Chinese has continued from that day to this, their good qualities as patient laborers — with economy, temperance, thrift, and inoffensiveness — being their chief and only crimes. Unable to hold rich claims beside their covetous masters, they betook themselves to gleaning from abandoned dig gings, content with four dollars a day at first, and finally with one dollar, while other miners must have four times as much. The State passed laws for their expulsion, as soon as there was a State ; and, when informed that the matter was one for the general Gov ernment alone to handle, the Sacramento Legislature imposed a foreign miner's tax of sixteen dollars a month at first, with a view to prohibiting the rewashing of tailings. As a rule, this tax was enforced only against the Chinese, white miners refusing to pay it.

With the exaltation of labor in the towns and cities, the cry became loud and vehement: " The Chinese must go!" It became the watchword of the press, and the plank in every po litical platform, for the Chinaman had no vote and he never read newspapers. It was not a question of principle, but of place. The facts of the case, the right or justice or fairness of it, had nothing to do with it. Any newspaper favoring the Chinese might close its doors; any politician even treating the subject fairly must step down and out. For so the other working-men de creed, American, Irish and Dagoes, French, Dutch and negroes, all who had a vote to sell. Anything black or white was proper

THE FOLLY OF CHINESE EXCLUSION. 265

material for American citizenship; yellow was the only off-color. But even the yellow race, with sage discrimination, is now divided, the Japanese being admitted, while the best working foreign element in the world, the least harmful to American politics and people, the much needed Chinese, are excluded.

From first to last, this has been the chief and only cause and front of their offending. They had no vote; they did not care to become American citizens; they wished only to work, earn a little money, go back home to China to enjoy it, and finally to die there. Charges were heaped up against them which seemed to satisfy Dennis Kearney and his sand-lotters, but were mere talk and twaddle to the unprejudiced, even the press and poli ticians, who used Asiatic and American alike for their own pur poses, knowing them to be untrue, or at least irrelevant. " They will not amalgamate; they care not for our institutions; they take work from the white man; they do not spend their money here, but take it back to China."

A fair interpretation of which turns every charge into a mark of merit. They do not come here to meddle with what does not concern them, to interfere with and further degrade our politics by breeding corruption or holding office; they do not care for our learning, morals, or religion, having those which suit them bet ter; if they take work from the white man, it is for the most part work which the white man does not want and will not do, ditch- making and drudgery. True, the Chinaman would be here in a thousand factories if we would let him, and so to a great extent we do without these fundamental industries of progress, prefer ring to let the Chinese and Japanese turn our cotton into cloth in their own countries after they have learned from us how to do it. Is this wise? Is it in the line of progress? Half of his earnings the Chinaman spends here ; if he takes the other half of his well-earned dollar-a-day home to his wife and children, he leaves more than its value in substantial improvements. Do the others as much who carry off to Europe and squander there every year wealth for which they never labored, and which repre sents no accomplished work — more of it than all the laborers of Asia would carry away in return for their labor in a century?

One may go about for a whole decade without seeing a drunken or disorderly Chinaman. The Chinaman is seldom found in schools or hospitals supported at public expense. I can hardly

266 THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.

imagine how one of them would look begging or soliciting, or insulting a woman on the street, or posing as a policeman, or running for Congress. The argument of the exclusionists, now becoming somewhat stale as its absurdity appears more and more apparent, that the Chinese will not become one of us, marry our daughters, manipulate our primaries, run for office and rule the country, is onty an enumeration of reasons why they should be admitted to do the lower class of work which white men do not care to do.

True, some of the Celestials smoke opium, but so do white people in London ; and this the Chinaman would not now be doing had not England forced her East-Indian product upon them, at the cannon's mouth, when they did not want it. Besides, white men everywhere drink whiskey, or its equivalent, and with ten times the evil effects which result from opium-smoking. Stoned and insulted on the streets of Christian cities of the American Republic, the Chinese pack themselves away in quarters of their own, which reek too often of vice and crime, but which are con fined entirely to themselves. Have the cities of Christendom evjjf been free from such places, inhabited by other nationalities ?

The truth is, these knights of the sand-lots do not, and never did, care to do the work for which we need the Chinaman. Organ ized labor does not even like country life and farm work. At one time, the California fruit-raisers' chief dependence was upon the Chinese, whose quick perceptions and deft fingers were superior in everything but the handling of horses. In picking and packing, in wineries, in canneries, as cooks and house serv ants, they were the best the country has ever had, better than the country can elsewhere obtain. When they were forbidden to come, the Japanese flocked in to take their place, but they do not fill it as well as it was filled before.

The Chinese were an important factor in the construction of the Panama Railway, and of the first overland railroad, without which assistance there would have been long and vexatious de lays. They are the best force obtainable to-day for the vast irrigating dam-work and ditch-work in progress and in contem plation. In the reclamation of the Colorado and other deserts, their equals cannot be found. Next to the Jamaica negroes, and the natives of the Isthmus, who are better acclimated, they are the best and most available material for work on the Panama Canal.

TEE FOLLY OF CHINESE EXCLUSION. 267

Is it not absurd, therefore, that this most available, most useful and efficient, and least harmful, of all labor elements, should be excluded from a country whose progress and prosperity depend upon the faithful execution of this class of work, and all in order that politicians may make capital for themselves by crying out against it ? All the Asiatic laborers who ever came to this coun try, or who are likely to come, are incapable of doing as great injury as a single politician, who, to secure his election to office, goes about systematically to stir up the worst passions of the working people, and arouse them to the commission of unlawful acts by incendiary declamations and the printed recitals of imaginary evils.

Some have suggested danger to the Republic in thus leaving open the portal for the unrestricted inpouring of Asiatic hordes to kill and drive us into the eastern ocean. Yet, they must know that the laboring man in China dares scarcely go from one province into another unprotected. The 'price of passage to Cali fornia is to them equivalent to a fortune, and the journey like the journey into another world. In times past, he who adventured alone had often to sell or pledge his wife for the necessary means, while contractors for coolie labor would not bring men over at less than some fixed price. As for the rest, the law of supply and demand regulates it. It is a matter of record that, when wages in California fell below fifteen dollars a month, Chinese immigration not only ceased but the tide turned the other way. Chinamen will not leave home and face the cost and dangers of the ocean voyage unless they can have work at remunerative rates ; and work is all that they desire.

Why should the Chinese want America ? What would they do with it? They are passionately attached to their homes, if not to their country, preferring almost the loss of life to the loss of queue, which forbids their return ; while to deposit their bones for their eternal rest in a foreign soil, is to consign their souls to perdition. Instinct and tradition, running back for many cen turies, have so intensified their exclusiveness, their dislike of change and hatred of strangers, as to make it little likely that they will ever wish to move to this country. Yet they are not patriotic. They do not know or care, half of them, by whom they are ruled, or how. They do not know or care why Japan wants Korea and Russia wants the earth; their ambition is limited to

268 THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.

the desire simply to go somewhere, to the Philippines, Australia, or America, and work and earn a little more than the pittance which they get in China. All this is set down against them in arguments for their exclusion, whereas it stands among the best of reasons for their admission, as they have no disposition to engage in politics, mob-law, strikes, and that vicious unrest which is bringing our country to the verge of ruin.

HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT.

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW ADVERTISER

Compare Our Methods With Yours

You cleanly housewives — compare our meth ods with yours. You will realize then why Schlitz beer is pure.

You wash a cooking utensil once. We wash a bottle four times, by machinery, before we fill it.

You use city water. We bore down 1400 feet to rock for ours.

You prepare food in the air of the room. We cool Schlitz beer in plate-glass rooms and filter all the air that touches it.

Then we filter the beer by machinery — filter it through white wood pulp.

Yet your methods are cleanly. Ours are cleanliness carried to extremes.

Then — for fear of a touch of impurity — we sterilize every bottle after it is sealed. We double the necessary cost of our brewing to give you a healthful beverage pure.

Do you wonder that we . sell over a million barrels annually?

Ask for the Brewery Bottling.

THE yOKTB AMERICAN REVIEW ADVERTISER

» '•'•!• &?'

•X

THE,

HENRY B.HYDE

FOUMDE.RJ

J.W.ALEXANDER

PRESIDENT

J.H.HYDE

•VICE PRESIDENT

From flower to flower For a careless hour. "

« BUT AFTER.

the careless hour" we all know trie fate of the butterfly.

Don't flit your life away. Take a lesson from the ant, not from the butterfly, and pro vide for the future.

An Adequate Endowment policy in the Equitable will insure peace and comfort for your old age— if you live — or will protect arid provide v for your family if you die.

4 *%*/ Opportunities for men of character 10 act as represen ta lives £ * Apply to GAGE E.TARBELL,2nd Vice President.

SStf

For full information fill out this coupon or write

The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States 120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Dept No. 9

Please send me information regarding an Endowment for $

if issued at years of age.

Name

Address. .

NEW BOOKS OF HISTORY AND TRAVEL

Success Among Nations By EMIL REICH, LL.D.

A study of the three questions in which the average man's chief interest in history centres, namely: Which were the successful nations ? What were the causes of their success ? Which nations are likely to be the most successful nations of the future ? The subject is of timely interest, and is treated in a popular manner. Dr. Reich is a Doctor of Laws of the Univer sity of Vienna, and has made a special study of the philosophy of history. Crofwn ffbo, Cloth, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top, $2.00 net

Gems Of the East ey A. H. SAVAGE LANDOR

A vividly entertaining picture of the almost unknown islands of the Far East. Mr. Landor journeyed several thousand miles through the Philippines and other groups, going into dis tricts and islands never before visited by white men. Two or three thousand photographs taken during the trip afford the material from which the illustrations are made. Mr. Lan- dor's record is interspersed with many episodes and personal experiences which give the book a delightfully intimate flavor.

8<vo, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top, $4.00 net

1£& */* (^C

Kings and Queens I Have Known

By HELENE VACARESCO

The author, a lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth of Roumania, records in this vivacious vol ume her impressions of her royal mistress and of many other kings, queens, and princesses whom she has known on terms of more or less familiarity. The volume is a personal account throughout, and gives those details which rarely escape the eve of a woman. The result is a picture of royalty on the human side. The volume is illustrated with portraits of royalty. Cr&wn ffbo, Cloth, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top, $2. 00 net

The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland

By MICHAEL DAVITT

This work tells of the struggle of the Irish people to regain possession of the land confis cated under the Cromwellian Settlement, which has virtually continued during 250 years. There is a brief sketch of the Land War, with short narratuWof the movements which have carr.ed on the conflict in behalf of the Irish people. It also tells of the influence of the great famine of 1846-7 upon the land war; the origin of the Land League movement and its con nection with Irish secret societies; character sketches of Mr. Parnell and his leading lieu tenants; and the probable origin of Mr. Gladstone's conversion to Home Rule. Crctom 8vo, Cloth, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top, $2.50 net

Greater America By ARCHIBAL& R. COLQUHOUN, F.R.Q.S.

Author of " China in Transformation,"

In this illuminating volume Mr. Colquhoun, the English scholar and traveller, has given a thorough account of America's territorial expansion— its beginning, growth, and progress. The author deals with the subject from an external, not 'an internal, standpoint. He shows the extension of American territory and its authority as a world power, and the effect of that expansion and authority upon the world at la'rge. His account covers the Philippines, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, etc., and the effect upon them of American control. Maps and Diagrams. 8-vo, Cloth, $2.50 net

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK CITY

Important to all who travel

Waterman's

Ideal

In your vacation outfit this summer you must add a Waterman's Ideal Fountain Pen.

So handy to write a note on the cars, or the boat ; in the woods — the field ; carry it in your vest pocket and jot down impressions of your trip. If you do any writing at all — do it right— use a Waterman's Ideal. Your local dealer sells them.

L. E. Waterman Co.

173 Broadway - New York

" Standard of Highest Merit."

FISH

Fischer New Small Grand

Pronounced by Competent Judges

The Most Remarkable

Grand Piano of Its

Size Ever Made

It takes up but a few more inches of space than the Upright, and has practically all the tone - power, purity and breadth of melodic expression of the Full Grand.

SEE IT, HEAR IT, AND BE CONVINCED

Catalogues on request.

J. & C. FISCHER.

164 Fifth Ave., bet. 21st »nd 224 Sts. and 68 W. 125th St. NEW YORK CITY

ED.PINAUD'S

LATEST EXQUISITE PEMPUMK

"BRIBE EMBAUMtE VIOLETTE"

I* admitted by connoisseurs to be the most deli- cat* embodiment of the violet odor ever produced. SOLD EVERYWHERE

1 oz. cut glass bottle, - $2. 00

2 oz. cut glass bottle, - 4. 00

or if not obtainable of your dealer write to ED. PINAUD'S AMERICAN OFFICES

EO. PINAUD BUILDING. NEW YORK

'as skillfully prepared pore and delicious &•

THE SAME MAKERS THE SAME EXCELLENCE-

vose

have been established over 50 YEARS. By our system of payments every family in moderate circumstances can own a VOSC piano. We take old instruments in exchange and deliver the new piano in yov home free of expense. Write for Catalogue D and explanations.

VOSe & SONS PIANO CO., 1 60 Boylston Street, Boston, Mas*.

PIANOS

• •

• .'

. . . . . ,

... .

. , ,

. . , . ,

• '

» I ' •

I I t r

t I

»

• •

I »

•

I .

• • I

I

I t

• . . , . : : , ,

, . , . .

•

. , ,

. ! ,

. .

• , . ,

'

......

...

I • •

.

• .

"

•

, . .