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Canadian Entomologist
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MEGANOSTOMA CASSONTA.
EDITED By
Rey. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D:C.L. F.R.S.C.
LONDON, ONTARIO.
ASSISTED BY
Dr. J. Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa: H. H. Montreal; Rev. Dr. T. W., Fyles, South Quebec : and Prot. W. Lochhead. Guelph.
Lyman,
— > —
London, Ontario - The London Printing and Litho
graphing Company, Liniited
Bist OF CONTRIBUTORS
TO VOL. XXXIil.
Seeeroia, JOLIN M., M.S.......... .........Moscow, IDAHO. SS WASHINGTON, D. C. I ek ie ee eee ees ses LOUIS, Mo. TE rr Fort COLiins, Coo. SSEACDITAUN 2... cc ce eee ctw eees East Enpb, Va. Sees WILLIAM. .......2..ec20-c0 cue DECATUR, ILL. OS TACUBAYA, MEXICO.
BETHUNE, REV.
Cee): (lhe Bditome. 22...
LONDON, ONT.
SPU Lik. We. we ecw cece eee New York. ATEN SOM Rye, N. Y. BOGUE, © OSL. Na Sh ee 0 eee STILLWATER, OKLA. _ BUTLER, (Dek. ANI BTS 1 9 SS © 2a LONDON, ENGLAND.
HCAUDELL, A. N
Peewee GROP: TD. A...... lsc ste: OTT LOS) UG
BDODGE, G. M..
BRM Re HARRISON G.... 0... ctecce es eee See WIRD) Mi... ee wei eee Be GORGE. As... 2... eee eee
PLWES, H. J .. FERNALD, PRO
ED LRN LRS Ed D180 Bal |r sre ZURICH, SWITZERLAND.
Serre ie, PAIS. 2. ie... eee OTTAWA.
CELA CLs PUR OG 5 rrr rr CARBONDALE, ILL. TESS. 28] SAVE DOI RSIS RE rr SOUTH QUEBEC. BRS AIR OTISTS CCS Orr OTTAWA.
TTD (Cl TS RS ORILLIA.
Peeper CL Ihr: A. M.... cece. oe HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.
HANCOCK, a: lec oe Bete 50) ese oe nese CHICAGO. ENING ec ee ee ee wa elne ae WINNIPEG.
Eee NS DONE... 2.22.5. ee ewe eee CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.
Eo AW DY Os 2S (2 rr Sao PAULO, BRAZIL.
SE et LESS? Sy SS oc OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY. NEP TDR RO ie WASHINGTON, D. C.
ST TDG GDS ee BROOKLYN, N. Y. a La OS UD) OE cc PHILADELPHIA.
JOHNSON, Tae mENMIEIe LS Gr. ..... .ceiesace os: COLLEGE PARK, MD.
I a ee LAWRENCE, Mass.
PMU EVAIOIRISIN. 0250 ............-+++se+...MCPHERSON, KANSAS.
LOUNSBURY, (CTR VANES ETE Gs Oe one Sia Carpe Town, SOUTH AFRICA.
mein HENRY H., M. A....................MONTREAL.
DSP EA VO OALIOX. De... 6. cee tees IrHaca, N. Y.
Ls TD. Wea ro WoosTER, OHIO.
To (O00 ee RSS, yrs IrHaca, -N. Y.
McNEIL i; EP OINID 25 68 6 ot enn ee Cee FAYETTEVILLE, ARK.
ETE TE os ek tee eg ered \USTIN, TEXAS.
eeeipm PAE STON 2.5. 5... eve ace es LONDON, ONT.
eet MISS MARY E.........20.002-, KirRKWooD, Mo.
EEE SG. ee cares ane LAKE ForEsT, ILL.
meORN- PROF. HERBERT........-.... ....7-COLUMBUS, OHIO.
Pe THEODORE. ........-c0cnceceeee WASHINGTON, D. C.
CS URES OLS ee =. QUINCY, ILL.
TEES Co coe PHILADELPHIA.
ROBERTSON, CHARLES...... MPP Coro cs ee CARLINVILLE, ILL.
SANDERSON, E. DWIGHT................... NEWARK, DEL.
SCUDDER, DR. SLINGERLAND,
MCOM Nea Soe. . 3/2. . Seuies meneiee &
SNA... . .. aekieeeieaien. » « aor OV... .clegatenemenerer
SE, J.B. Sc. D.........-..0:----.
SPEOOARTHIUR f...-.......+.--0500 TINSLEY, PROF. J. D.... at eee
mitUs, E. S. G.
eeeeeee, WILLIAM ..........0..--.---..-
MPTEENI EO) ea, IM. i... Sn cic c oe snc ee oes ....SAN BERNARDINO, CAL.
WRIGHT, W. G
WASHINGTON, D. C.
East LAs VEGAS, NEW MEx. WASHINGTON, D. C. LOUISIANA, Mo. WASHINGTON, D. C. MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL. PITTSBURG, PA. COLESBORNE, ENGLAND. AMHERST, Mass.
CAMBRIDGE, MASS. ITHACA, N. Y. NEw Brunswick, N. J.
. BELVIDERE, ILL. _MESILLA PARK, NEW MEX.
Fort COLiins, COLo. St. Loutrs, Mo. WOOSTER, OHIO.
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http://www.archive.org/details/canadianentomol32ento
. a)
CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXII. PLATE |.
HENRY HERBERT LYMAN, M. A
aaAS
PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 1897-9,
The €anadiay ¥ntomologist
VoL. XXXII. LONDON, JANUARY, 1rgo0. No. 1
CONTENTS.
Eaitoral—H. Ho-Eyman’..<.......°......006 I | Dyar—Bombyx cunea. Efe . 16 Gibson—Note on Danais archippus..... -..- 2 | Lounsbury—Insect bites! nade efiects LENerab Ae 17 Hempel— New Coccid# from Brazil.......... 3 Hancock—-Tettigian group of Orthoptera..... 25 Grote—Neuration of Argynnis _............. 7 Slingerland—Popular name for Chisiocampa King—Bibliography of Mass. Coccid#........ 9 CHSSEDIA ree iis coco ca cee ue kohemeeee at oee 7 Hulst—New genus and species of Phycitina.. 13 Rehn—Melanoplus differentialis.............. 28 Fyles—-Metzneria lapella..... of SOS eee 15 |
———— — — = SSS eee
HENRY HERBERT LYMAN, A.
We have much pleasure in presenting to our ea at the beginning of a new volume of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, an excellent portrait of Mr. Henrv HERBERT Lymavy, of Montreal, who has recently retired from the Presidency of the Entomological Society of Ontario. He was born at Montreal, on the 21st of December, 1854, and received his early education at the West End Acadamy and the High School, winning at the latter the Davidson medal. At McGill University, to which he proceeded, he took the degree of B. A. (Logan medalist in Geology and Natural Sciences) - in 1876, and M. A. in 1880.
In 1877 he entered the firm of Lymans, Clare & Co., wholesale drug- gists, in Montreal, which two years later assumed the present name of Lyman, Sons & Co. He is now senior partner and also president of the Lyman Bros. & Co. (Limited), Toronto. ‘These business houses are widely known throughout the Dominion, and have always been distin- guished for their upright dealing, energy and enterprise.
Mr. Lyman has also been an active member of the volunteer force ; he joined the 5th Battalion, now the Royal Scots of Canada, in 1877, as an Ensign, and rose to be Major in 1885, with which rank he retired in 1891. He has further manifested his loyalty by becoming a Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute, and a member of the Council of the British Em- pire League.
When less than eight years old he began to take an interest in insects, and to observe their ways, and when only twelve he started to form
y THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
a collection of Lepidoptera, which has now become one of the finest in Can- ada. His first printed observations on insects appeared in the 6th volume of this magazine (1874), and he has since contributed to seventeen of the succeeding volumes ; he has also furnished useful and interesting papers to several of the Annual Reports of the Society. ‘The value of his scien- tific work and attainments has been widely recognized. Since 1891 he has been a member of the Editing Committee of this magazine ; in 1895. and ’96 he was elected Vice-President of the Society, and in 1897 he bécame President. He held this highest place in the Society for two years, to the great satisfaction of the members, and retired at the last annual meeting. He is alsoa Vice-President of the Natural History Society of Montreal, and member of a number of Scientific Societies in the United States. For the last thirteen years he bas been President of the Montreal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario, and has done more than anyone else to keep alive the enthusiasm of the members, and to encourage all who show any interest in the subject to persevere in the study. During all these years nearly all the monthly meetings have been held at his home, and the members have greatly enjoyed his generous hospitality.
Mr. Lyman is a notable example of what a busy man can do. Though engrossed all day long with the duties and cares of a very exten- sive business, which demands, more, perhaps, than any other, a close attention to innumerable details,.he yet finds time not only for the pleas- ures of an energetic collector of insects, but also for the performance of much careful and conscientious scientific work. His published papers are valuable contributions to science, being always characterized by thorough accuracy of statement, and showing the results of painstaking and long- continued research.
NOTE ON DANAIS ARCHIPPUS, Fas.
On the 30th October last I found, on the grounds of the Central Experimental Farm, a chrysalis of Danais Archippus, Fab. This was attached to a twig of maple, about seven feet from the ground, and was quite green. When I had kept it in the office for two days it began to darken, and on the qth November the butterfly emerged, but in a crippled condition. This occurrence is rather interesting, and the question arises, If the chrysalis had been allowed to remain on the tree, would it have given the butterfly this autumn or not until next spring ? It would be interesting to know if any other person has observed the chrysalis of this butterfly so late in the season as the above, and with what results. . ARTHUR G1BsoN, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.
ie)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF COCCID/= FROM BRAZIL. BY ADOLPH HEMPEL, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL.
Subfamily Coccine. Capulinia crateraformis, n. sp.
The 2 makes a small crater-shaped gall in the bark of the limbs and twigs. This gall is about 1.5 mm. high, and consists of an outer circular ring from 1 mm. to 1.5 mm. in diameter, and a small cone within, which can readily be removed. The cavity inhabited by the insect is smooth and is lined with a white powder. The adult ? is small, oval in outline, pink, and is dusted with a white powdery secretion. Boiled in a solution of KOH it becomes colourless. Size, after boiling: length, .96 mm.; width, .73 mm.
Antenne small, variable, usually of five joints, although joint 3 sometimes divides so that the antenna becomes six-jointed. Length, 97 micromillimetres. Approximate formula 31(24)5. Average length of joints in micromillimetres: (1), 27; (2), 13; (3), 353 (4), 133 (5), 9. The last joint bears a terminal brush of coarse hairs. First and second pairs of legs entirely wanting. ‘Third pair of legs atrophied ; without any visible articulations ; and not ending in a claw. The legs are usually placed so near the posterior end of the body that half the length extends beyond the margin. Length,.177 mm. Rostrum large and well devel- oped. Mentum apparently dimerous. Rostral loop long, coiled upon itself, and extending to the second pair of spiracles. The spiracles are chitinous and well developed, and from one to four small round spinner- ets are grouped around each one. The derm is transversely wrinkled. The abdomen is segmented and ends in two short sete. The genital aperture is guarded by four small spines. Around the margin of the body, and on the dorsal surface, there are scattered small spinelike hairs,
Male and larva not observed.
Hab.—Sao Joao d’El Rei, State of Minas Geraes, Brazil. On the limbs and twigs of Eugenia jaboticaba. Mr. Alvaro da Silveira collected this species, and writes that it causes much damage to this fruit tree. From a foot-note by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, in the ‘‘ Journal of the New York Entomological Society,” Vol. VI., Sept, 1898, pp. 174 and 175, it is apparent that this species also occcurs in the State of Sao Paulo. In speaking of C. jaboticabe, Ihr., Prof. Cockerell says: ‘ Dr. Noack has also sent me some specimens /” stu, collected by Dr. Campos Noyaes at
4 THE CANADIAN
ENTOMOLOGIST,
Itatiba, State of Sao Paulo, and I find they live in littie crater-shaped
galls.
The females have the antenne with 5 or 6 segments.”
It is quite
evident that the species which Prof. Cockerell examined was not C. jaboticabee, but C. crateraformis.
The species of Capudinia may be readily separated by the following tabulated characters. Unfortunately, I have no material of C. Sa//e/, and the characters here given are taken from Sign. and Townsend &
Cockerell. C. jaboticabe.
Length, 2.40 mm.
Antenne of 4 to 5 joints.
Length of antenne, 75 micromillimetres. First and second pairs
of legs entirely want-
ing.
Last pair of legs artic- ulated, and withovt a claw.
Last pair of legs .302 mm. long.
Last pair of legs re- moved from the posterior margin.
The female makes neither a gall nor a definite sac; the eggs being deposit- ed in a fluffy mass of white cotton.
18 to 35 spinnerets around each spira- cle:
Hairs on margin and body long.
C. crateraformis.
Length, .96 mm.
Antenne of 5 to 6 joints.
Length of antennz, 97 micromillimetres. First and second pairs
of legs entirely-want-
ing.
Last pair of legs not articulated and with- out a claw.
Last pair of legs, .177 mm. long.
Last pair of legs very near the posterior margin.
The female makes a small crater-shaped gall.
1 to 4 spinnerets around each spira- cle.
Hairs on margin and body short.
C. Sallet.
Length, mm.
Antenne a short tubercle.
1.50 to 1.67
First and second pairs of legs represented by a sharp conical tubercle.
Last pair of legs not articulated, terminat- ing in a claw.
Last pair of legs re- moved from the pos- terior margin.
The female covers itself with a white cottony sac bearing a single long filament from the end.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, hi,
Subfamily Lecaniin. Lecanium Silveirai, n sp.
2 sub-circular to oval in outline, light red in colour. Dorsum con- vex, shiny, with a slight longitudinal median ridge ; derm_ hard, depressed around the anal plates, and covered with a very thin layer of waxy secretion. Anal cleft short, with the sides contiguous. Arising on the ventral surface and extending up each side, are two lines of white powdery secretion. When removed from its resting place, it leaves a round patch of thin white wax behind. ‘The specimens examined were 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, and 2 mm. high. It is probable that these specimens were immature, as none contained eggs or larve.
Boiled in a solution of KOH, the derm becomes soft and transpa- rent, being chitinized only around the anal plates. Antenne and legs wanting. Rostrum large and well developed, situated between the first pair of spiracles. Rostral loop long, extending to the anal plates. Anal ring apparently with ten hairs. Anal plates small, with the lateral angle rounded, and the antero-lateral side longer than the postero-lateral. The margin has “two horseshoe-shaped incisions on each side, opposite the spiracles, in which the derm is thickened and chitinized. The spiracles are situated very near to these incisions, and are connected with them by many small round spinnerets. The trachee are large and many- branched. Around the margin of the body there are 2 or 3 rows of small hairs, each one arising from a small tubercle. The entire derm on both surfaces is covered with numerous large, round, nipple-shaped glands. These are dark brown with a light centre. Interspersed among these glands are a few hairs, and numerous small slender filamentous glands.
Hab.—Sete Lagoas and Diamantina, State of Minas Geraes. On the roots of grapevines, where it causes much damage. The specimens were collected by Mr, Alvaro da Silveira, on the roots of the Isabel grape. Mr. Amandio Sobral and Dr. Compas da Paz have known a disease for several years which they attribute to this insect. This species is of special interest to agriculturists and economic entomologists ; and will be difficult to combat, because of its subterraneous habits.
Lecanium obscurum, vn. sp.
2 scale of young and half-grown individuals, green; the scale becomes darker with age, and is black in the old specimens. Shape elliptical, dorsum convex rounded, shiny, with minute patches of waxy secretion ; the derm is finely granular, and wrinkled at the sides, On the
6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ventral surface there are two converging white lines on each side. Anal cleft .94 mm. long ; sides contiguous. ‘The largest specimens are 4.5 mm, long, 3 mm. wide, and 2 mm. high.
Boiled in a solution of KOH, it colours the liquid greenish. ‘The derm is chitinized and retains a dark colour. It is not reticulated, but pitted with minute round hyaline spots. Antenne of seven joints, all of which, except joint 3, bear hairs, Length 350-361 mm. Approximate formula 423 (17) (56), or 472 (13) (56). The antenne are variable, but in all the specimens examined, joint 4 was the longest and joints 5 and 6 the shortest. Length of joints in #: (1), 49; (2), 58-62; (3), 49-62 ; (4), 80-89 ; (5), 22-29; (6), 27-29; (7), 49-62. Legs ordinary; the coxa of the first pair of legs, with a short apical hair and several short spines ; trochanter with the long side convex and bearing a long hair ; the articulation between the tibia and tarsus is indistinct ; tarsus with a constriction near the middle ; claw short; digitules twice the length of claw, large, of equal size, bulbous at base, and broad and flat at the end ; tarsal digitules slender, with the ends slightly expanded. Length of joints of first pair of legs, in #: coxa, 80; femur with trochanter, 200 ; tibia, 120; tarsus with claw, 111; tarsus without claw, 89. The tarsi of the other legs are not constricted. Mouth-parts well developed, placed just posterior of the first pair of legs. Rostral loop short, not extending to the second pair of legs. Anal ring with ten hairs. Anal plates small ; the outer angle rounded, the two outer sides nearly equal, the postero- lateral side being convex and just a trifle shorter than the antero-lateral- Around the lateral margin there is a simple row of small hairs placed wide apart.
¢ scale small, plain, white, very frail, composed of 7 lateral and 2 dorsal plates. General shape elliptical, the posterior part slightly narrower than the anterior; dorsum convex. Length, 1.355 mm.; width, .830 mm. Found on the branches and on the under side of the leaves. Larva, just hatched, yellowish green in colour, oval in outline, with the posterior end of the abdomen slightly acuminate and ending in two long setee. Eyes dark brown. Margin of body serrated and bearing a few short hairs. There are two groups of stigmatal spines on each side, each composed of two very short and one long club-shaped spines. Antenne six-jointed, joints 3 and 6 about equal in length. Legs ordinary ; claw long, tip well curved and slightly notched; the two
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i
digitules are of unequal size, one being small and fine, with the end but slightly expanded ; the other larger, with the end flat and widely expanded. Tarsal digitules also of unequal size, one being longer and thicker than the other. Rostral loop long, folded upon itself and extending to the anal plates. Length, .335 mm.
Hfab.—Ypiranga, State of Sao Paulo. Abundant on branches of Maytenus, sp.
THE NEURATION OF ARGYNNIS. BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.
In my examination of the types indicated by Mr. Scudder I have been quite unable to separate Acidalia niphe, Scudd., Gen. 101, from the type of Argynnis. This latter type, A. ag/aia, L., is characterized by the second radial branch of primaries running so close to the main vein, for a distance beyond the median cell, as to form a minute false accessory
cell above the angle of the radius which the crossvein joins. Since this, as well as all other features, are repeated in the wing of zphe, I conclude the genus Acida/ia of Hiibner, as founded on this species, must be dropped. Another type, Dryas paphia, can hardly be retained as dis- tinct from Argynnis from the neuration. The only difference is, that the second radial branch, in running propinquitous, leaves the main vein at somewhat before the point chosen in ag/aia and niphe. Indubitably paphia is a species belonging to the same phylogenetic group, a trifle isolated. On the other hand, neither /ssorza /athonia nor Brenthis hecate share the character of the appressed second radial branch of Argynnts and should be separated from this genus. The differences in the neura- tion between /ssoria and Brenthis are very small and comparative ; in both the second radial branch is not appressed and leaves the main vein above the median cell before the point of juncture of the crossvein. The point of departure in /ssoria is a little outwardly removed and the pro- pinquity is so great that one can see that it requires but little to make the branch decumbent. /ssoria differs further by the angulate papery wings and by the fact that the crossvein on hind wings is but a faint scar be- tween second median branch and cubitus. In Srenthis the crossvein is as in Argynnis, a rather strong scar, and joins inferiorly the third median branch ; whereas in /ssoria the point of juncture is opposite the first cubital branch. It is a small distinction, but it reveals the fact that in /ssoria the breaking up of the median series has progressed further. A parallel difference, more widely expressed, separates the two series of the Satyrids.
I leave out of this series the generic types of AZe/itea, which are more specialized by the entire disappearance of the crossvein between
8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
second median branch and cubitus. ‘This feature is shared by PAyciodes, which differs by its frailer wings. In all these types of the Me/itea series, the second radiai branch has passed the point of juncture of the crossvein and arises from the radius at a point near where the appressed branch leaves the main vein in Arvgynnis. Thus the Ae/itea series is more specialized than the Arvgynnis series, in which the second branch leaves the radius before the crossvein. The genera, except Phyciodes, separated by Mr. Scudder from J/e/ite@a—zi. e., Lemonias, Euphydryas— are all invalid from the neuration and texture of the wing.
There remains to discuss the genus Hupfoieta. ‘This is.a specialized type, as shown by the passage of the second radial branch beyond the cell and by the open cell of secondaries. It seems to lead to Agrau/is vanille, Colenis julia and Dione juno, in which the first radial branch has followed suit and the “long-wing” butterfly type is assumed. I differ from authors in considering these as Nymphalid or Argynnid types and not as related to the Limnads (Anosta menippe, etc.), and the “‘long- wing” type of /Ye/iconius, in which latter the residuary features of pri- maries are quite apparent and the cells on both wings are closed.
BuTrerFLY Lists.--A puzzled cofrespondent, who has been collect- ing and studying the butterflies of his own region of country for a score of years, has begun the preparation of a catalogue. At the outset he finds himself confronted with the difficult question as to what order he ~ shall adopt in the arrangement of families and genera. He writes as fol- lows: ‘‘I learned the sequence of genera, etc., from Mr. W. H. Edwards’ plan, but I notice that every later author makes a plan of his own ag to which genus precedes or follows. Now, probably no two men would exactly agree as to the sequence of genera, etc., but ought not all to agree as closely as possibly, to avoid confusion, and not to place stumbling- blocks in the way of the learner?”. . . . “ Also, as to the division of one genus into several, there is a similar difficulty. For instance, Mr. Ed- wards’ genus Pamphila contained over eighty species; Dr. Holland divides it into several genera, yet I doubt if any average Lepidopterist can separate the species according to Holland. Of what use, then, is the division, especially to a beginner? Simply, it is confusion.” . . . . “‘We should have a law, written or unwritten, forbidding any change either in the alteration of old names, cr the addition of new ones, without the approval of a committee of competent men.”
Our correspondent will assuredly have a large number of sympathiz- ers. Every entomologist groans over the incessant changes in nomencla- ture that are being made. Some, no doubt, are justifiable and necessary, but very many are not and have soon to give way to others. It is high time that an ‘‘ Entomologists’ Union” should be formed to settle such questions as these, as urged by Mr. Lyman in his Presidential address of 1898.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MASSACHUSETTS COCCIDA — SUPPLE- MENTARY TO CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOW- LEDGE OF MASSACHUSETTS COCCIDA.
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.
The object of the present list is to bring together all the published records found by me to treat of, or give any reference to, Coccids known to inhabit Massachusetts up to August, 1899. Since then others have appeared and will be published when sufficient material is collected. Cockerell, Theo. D. A., 1893.—Insect Life, Vol. VI., p. 103, he lists
Finnaspis pandani, Comst., from Mass. under glass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1895.—Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 43, is a note on Chionaspis spartine, Comst., found at Woods Holl, Mass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1896.—Canapb1an EntTomovocist, Vol. XXVIIL., pp. 222-224, he describes as new sp. Ripersia Kingii, R. lasii and R. fiaveo/a, from ant-nests in Mass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1897.—Science Gossip, Vol. III., n. s., pp. 239-241, notes on all the known ant-nest coccids, and Dactylopius Kingii is described from Mass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1897.—Part L. of Bul. U. S. Nat. Muse., No. 39, p. 5, mention is made of the success of the writer collecting ant-nest species of coccids in Mass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1897.—Bul. No. 6, Tec. Ser. U. S. Dep. Agr., Div. of Entom., Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) smilacis, Comst., is recorded from Massachusetts.
Cockereil, T. D. A., 1898.—Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. IL., sr. 7, pp. 323 and 330, Aspidiotus Fernaldi, Lecanium Kingii and Kermes Kingii are described from Mass., with a note of the occurrence of Eriococcus quercus, Comst.; £. azalee,Comst., and Kermes pubescens, Boyne, in Mass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1898.—CANADIAN EntTomo_ocist, Vol. XXX., pp. 293-294, references are made to Lecanium carya, Fitch., and Z. corylifex, Fitch., found in Mass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., and King, G. B., 1898.—Canap1an ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXX., p. 326, Spherococcus sylvestris, new to America, is found in Mass.
Cockerell, T. D. A., and King, G. B., 1899.—Psyche, Vol. VIII., pp. 349-350, Lecanium pallidior, n. sp., is described, with notes on Lecanium Fletchert, Ck\l., from Mass.
10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Cooley, R. A., 1898.—CanapIan ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXX., p. 89, he cites Chionaspis Lintneri, Comst., found at Stoneham, Mass.
Cooley, R. A., 1898.—CanapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXX., p. 232, Diaspis amygdali, Tryon, is found at Jamaica Plain, Mass.
Cooley, R. A.—Bul. No. 17,°N. Sr., U. S. Dep. Agr., Div. of Entom., pp. 61-67, Pseudococcus aceris, Sign. (Phenacoccus aceris, Sign.}; Gossyparia ulmi, Geoff.; Aspidiotus Fernaldi, Ckll.; A. Forbest, Johnson ; 4. ancylus, Putn.; A. perniciosus, Comst., and Diaspis amygdali, Tryon, are recorded from Mass.; and on p. 23, Mr. Cooley speaks of finding Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv., at Amherst, Mass. :
Comstock, J. H., 1880-1.—U. S. Agr. Rpt., pp. 215, 225, 248, Pinnaspis pandani, Comst.; Wytilaspis pomorum, Bouché, and /cerya Purchast, Mask., are cited from Mass.
Fernald, C. H., 1894.—Mass. Hatch Exp. Sta. Rpt. for 1894 is an account of the occurrence of Orthezia insignis, Dougl., found in the college greenhouse, :
Fernald, C. H., 1895.—Bul. No. 4, Mass.- Hatch Exp. Sta. Crop Rpt., Aug., 1895, p. 25. I have not seen this.
Fernaid, C. H., 1895.—Mass. Agr. Rpt. for 1895, pp. 385-395, the San | José Scale in Mass.; and in the same publication, ‘Report of the Entomologist on the same insect, p. 43.
Fernald, C. H., 1896.—Mass. Agr. Rpt. for 1896, p. 86, The San José Scale in Mass.; and in the same publication, p. 44-5, the same scale is treated upon.
Fernald, C. H.—Mass. Agr. Rpt., 1897, pp. 156-162, a report on the San José Scale; and also in his Report as State Entomologist, p. 102, treats upon the same scale.
Harris, Thos. Wm., 1829.—The New England Farmer, Vol. VII., pp. 186-187. He gives an account of the following coccids in Mass.: Coccus hesperidum, L. (Lecanium hesperidum, .), and Coccus adonidum, L. ( Dactylopius adonidum, L.).
Harris, T. W., 1829.—New England Farmer, Vol. VII., p. 289, gives a short account of Coccus cryptogamus, Dalman (Chionaspts Jurfurus, Fitch.), found in Mass.
Harris, T. W., 1841.— Insects Injurious to Vegetation in Mass., pp. 201— 203. The following are said to occur in Mass.: Coccus hesperidum, L. (Lecanium hesperidum, L.); Coccus adonidum, L. (Dactylopius
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11
adonidum, L.); Coccus arborum linearis, Schr. (Mytilaspis linearis, Mod.), and Coccus cryptogamus (Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch.). Howard, L. O., 1894.—Year Book, U. S. Dep. Agr., p. 255. Among others he cites MMytil/aspis pomorum, Bouché, and Chionaspts Surfurus, Fitch., from Mass. Howard, L. O., 1894.—Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 5, Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch., is said to occur in Mass.
Howard, L. O., 1894.—Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 236, in his treatise on the maple Pseudococcus, P. aceris, Sign., in America, he cites it from Mass., on maple at Jamaica Plain.
Howard, L. O., 1896.— Bul. No. 2, N. Sr. U. S. Dep. Agr., The History of San Jose Scale in America, Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., is cited in Mass.
Howard, L. O., 1896.—In a paper read before the Mass. Hortic. Soc., Feb., 1896, and published by Brookwell and Churchill, Boston, Mass., among others he speaks of Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst.: Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché; Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch., and Aulacaspis rosé, Bouché, occurring in Mass.
Howard, L. O., 1898.—Bul. No. 17, N. Sr. U. S. Dep. Entom., p. 16, Asterolecanium quercicola, Bouché, is cited from Mass.
Hunter, S. J., 1899.—The Coccidz of Kansas, II., contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, No. 66, 1899, p. 70. Lecanium Cocker- elli, Hunter, is described, and said to have been found by Mr. G. B. King (of course from Massachusetts).
Kirkland, A. H., 1897. — .lass. Agr. Rpt., 1897, pp. 244-247, he treats on Gossyparia ulmi, Geoff., as injurious to American elms in Mass.
Kirkland, A. H., 1898. — Mass. Crop Rpt., pp. 24-38, is a lengthy treatise upon Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., in Mass.
King, Geo. B., and Cockerell,T. D. A., 1897.—CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXIX., pp. 90-93, Lecanopsts lineolate, Phenacoccus americane and Ripersia Blanchardii, n., sp., are described from Mass.
King, G. B., and Cockerell, T. D. A., 1898.—Psyche, Vol. VIII, pp. 286-287, Pulvinaria innumerabilis, var. tilig, n. var., is described from Mass.
King, G. B., and Cockerell, T. D. A., 1898.—Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., ser. 7, Vol. II., 1898, they describe Kermes nivadis, n. Sp., from Lawrence, Mass.
12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
King, G. B., and Tinsley, J. D., t897.—Psyche, Vol. VIIL, pp. 150-151, Dactylopius claviger, n. sp., is described from ant-nests in Mass. King, G. B., and Tinsley, J. D., 1898.—Psyche, Vol. VIII, pp. 297-298, Dactylopius Cockerelli, n. sp., is described from Mass. ! King, G. B., 1897.—Entomological News, Vol. VII... pp. 125-129, Aphides and Coccids associated with ants. Among others are mentioned Ripersia Kingii, R. lasii, and R. flaveola, Ckll., from
Mass. \.
King, G. B., 1899.—Psyche, Vol. VIII, p. 312, Aipersita Zasii, CkIl., is found infesting the roots of China Asters at Lawrence, Mass.
King, G. B., 1899.—Psyche, Vol. VIIL, pp. 334+336, Chtonaspis furfurus, var. fulva, is described, with notes on other species. Prof. Cockerell has called my attention to a very bad mistake in my citation of the localities of Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch. (See Psyche, Vol. VIIL, p. 335, and the sixth line from the bottom. It should read North Carolina, and not Northern California.)
King, G. B., 1899.—-Psyche, Vol. VIII., pr350, Aspidiotus hedere, Vall., and Audacaspis elegans, Leon., are found in a greenhouse, imported from Bermuda.
King, G. B, 1899.—Canapian Enromotoaist, Vol. XXXI., 1899, Contri- bution to the Knowledge of Massachusetts Coccidz, I., pp. 1og-112.
do. ye 5 nes oie cn .. IT, ppg
do. fe =e 5 a a .. IIT, pp. 225—2ae-
do. aa 4 is = J. ... LV.) ppiepieee a Lounsbury, C. P., 1895.—The 32nd Ann. Rpt. of Mass. Agr. Coll. =Appendix=. This treats upon all known Orthezza to date, and
cites Orthezia insignis, Dougl., froma greenhouse at Amherst, Mass.
Lounsbury, C. P., 1895.—Bul. No. 28, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass. Agr. Col., p. 23 and 26, cites Gossyparia ulmt, Geoff., and Orthezia insignis, from Mass.
Marlatt, C. L., 1899.—Science for June, 1899, p- 835-837. The author criticises and doubts the validity of Chionaspis furfurus, var. fulva, King, from Massachusetts.
Packard, A. S., 1869.—Mass. Agr. Rpt., pp. 257-261. The following species are said to be common in Mass.: Aspidiotus bromelie (Aulacaspis bromelie Kerner); Lecanium platycerii, Pack. (now unrecognized); Lecanium filicum, Boisd., and Coccus adonidum L., (Dactylopius adonidum, 1..).
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13
Packard, A. S., 1871.——American Naturalist, Vol. IV., p. 686, substan- tially the same as the above.
Packard, A. S., 1886-1890.—Fifth U. S. Rpt. Entom. Com., p. 537. It states that Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch., was described from Mass. on apple and pear.
Pergande, Thos., 1898.—Bul. No. 18, n. sr., p. 27, U. S. Dep. Agr.; in his description of Zecanium nigrofasciatum, he cites it from Boston, Springfield and Deerfield, Mass.
Parrott, P. J., 1899.—Canapi1an Enromotocist, Vol. XXXL. p. 11, he describes Aspidiotus Fernaldi, var. Cockerelli, and states that 4. Fernaldi is found on honey locust in Mass.
Parrott, P. J.,and Cockerell, T. D. A., 1899.—The Industrialist for March, 1899, p. 165, notes with formula of the antenne of Zecantum coffer, from greenhouse at Lawrence, Massachusetts.
Parrott, P. J., and Cockereli, T. D. A., 1899.—The Industrialist for April, 1899, pp. 233-235. Important notes appear treating upon Lecanium cynosbati, Fitch.; LZ. tarsale, Sign.; L. nigrofasciatum, Perg.; Z. guercifex, Fitch., and Z. Kingzi, Ckll., all from Mass.
Parrott, P. J., and Cockerell, I. D. A., 1899.—The Industrialist for May, 1899, pp. 276—277, mention is made of Aspidiotus elegans, Leon., and A. Crawit, Ckll., from Lawrence, Mass.
Riley, C. V., and Howard, L. O.—Insect Life, Vol. V., p. 51, is a note recording Gossyparia u/mi, Geoff., at Boston and Brighton, Mass.
Scudder, S. H., 1899.--Psyche, Vol. VIII., p. 299, Ripersis lasiz, Ckll., is found infesting the roots of China Asters at Lawrence, Mass.
Tinsley, J. D., 1899.--CANaDIAN EnromotociIsT, Vol. XXXI., p. 45, in his contribution to Coccidology, I1.,Dactylopius Kingii, Ckll., is reduced to a synonym of Dactylopius sorghiellus, Forbes. |
Tinsley, J. D., and King, G. B., 1899.--Entomological News, Vol. X., p. 37, they describe as new Ripersia minima, from Lawrence, Mass.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF .PHYCITIN. BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
Monoprtiora, n. gen.—Palpi ascending, second article heavy, third short ; maxillary palpi small ; front broad, flattened, ocelli not discernible in undenuded specimens ; antenne of 4, first joint much lengthened, swollen, followed by a decided, rather lengthened bend, hollowed on
14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
the inside into a deep furrow or pocket its entire length, the edges scaled, becoming tufted on posterior edges outwardly ; beyond sinus filiform ; from beyond basal joint the antennz are unipectinate, the pectinations one on each segment, filiform, being longest just beyond sinus, and these five or six times the diameter of the stem, each armed with straight parallel hairs on each side ; end segments ciliate. Antenne of @ filiform ciliate. Thorax and abdomen rather stout, the genital armature of # prominent. Fore wings rather elongate, subtriangular, 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 6 from cell near angle, 8 on 7, 9 and 10 from cell. Hind wings broad, 8 veins, 2 near angle, 3 from angle separate from 4, 4 and 5 stemmed half their length, 6 separate from 7 Cell very short, not more than 14 wing length. Legs as usual in the group, rather heavy.
A very peculiar genus, with Ceara, Rag., unique in the unipectinate antenne of the ¢.
M. nubtilella, n. sp.— Expands 21-23 mm. _ Palpi dark fuscous, lighter on inner side ; front fuscous, much darker in front of eyes ; in one specimen purplish in middle, antennze fuscous; thorax fuscous, with purple tint more marked in front, and lightening into grayish behind ; abdomen fuscous to light fuscous-gray, somewhat purplish on anterior segment. All the segments darker lined; fore wings dark fuscous, broadly shaded with blackish longitudinally on veins, and lightened with white scales on anterior half, and submarginally making these portions gray, with blackish dashes of ground colour, the gray being most decided on sub-basal and central anterior portions. Over the wings on the intervenular spaces is a purplish stain, more evident posteriorly ; cross lines faint, whitish, the inner shown mostly by the heavier dark angulate, somewhat diffuse, blackish outer shading, the outer fine, rounded outwardly in middle, with indistinct dentate tendency; discal spots geminate, black ; marginal line broken, black ; fringe fuscous. Hind wings dark smooth fuscous, lighter basally and along inner margin, the lines darker.
Beneath even smooth fuscous, the fore wings the darker; marginal line blackish.
Specimens from National Museum and Department of Agriculture, taken in Maryland, Florida and Alabama. The insect, which promises to be of considerable economic importance, will have its habits and history made known by the Department of Agriculture. The type number in National Museum collection is 4393.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15
METZNERIA LAPPELLA, L.—A CURIOUS LIFE-HISTORY. BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.
In the beginning of September, 1898, I discovered, in the heads of burdock (Zappa mayor, Gertn.), a curious larva, of which the fol- lowing is a description :
Head bilobed, brown. Mouth organs large. A_ brown plate, marked longitudinally with a white line, on the second segment. Body rounded, much crinkled, of a fatty appearance, having a few white hairs along the sides. Anal segment small and protruding. The legs small and weak. ‘The pro-legs seemingly atrophied into mere pseudopodia. Length of larva, two and a half lines.
On the approach of winter, the larva, having eaten out a convenient hollow in the closely-packed seeds, cemented its surroundings together, and then lined its cell with a flocculent white cocoon. In this it remained unchanged till the beginning of June, when it went into chrysalis.
The pupa was of elegant shape, amber-coloured—the head parts darkening into brown. The antenne and legs were traceable through the skin. The length of the pupa was three lines. The moths appeared in the end of June and continued till August. They mated about the middle of July.
The dimensions of the perfect insects were as follows :
Expanse of wings (3) 5% lines, ($) 9 lines. Length of body (¢) 2% lines, (Q) 4 lines. Length of antennz (¢ )-2 lines, (?) 3 lines.
The eyes of the moth were large and prominent, in colour they were a rich brown. The palpi were reflexed—the second joint was long and had long scales, and the terminal joint was pointed. The antennz were filiform, prettily encircled with minute short bristles at the joints. The proboscis was long and coiled up watch-spring fashion. The body terminated with a tuft like a paint brush. The tibia in the hindmost pair of legs had two pairs of spurs ; that in the second pair of legs had but one pair.
The fore wings were of a pale sienna-brown, with a patch of darker brown extending along the costa and towards the inner margin for two- thirds of the length of the wing. There were three or four lines of darker scales towards the hind margin and following its curve. Some of the specimens had the three dots on the disk, spoken of by Stainton (Man. of Bh. But. and Moths, Vol. I1., p. 348).
16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The hind wings were slate-coloured, and had long fringes of the same hue. |
The eggs of the moth (obtained by pressure) were very minute, globular, smooth and white. They are dropped probably into the flower- head of the plant, for the most careful microscopical examination showed no opening made by a larva through the involucre.
On August 4th I found the newly-hatched larva biting into: the side of one of the outer seeds. The seeds at this time were white and tender. The body of the larva was white, waxen and semi-translucent.
The insects were identified for me by Lord Walsingham and Mr. J. Hartley Durrant. To them also I am indebted for the correction of the generic name from Parasia to Metzneria, Zeller.
It may be asked, How was this European insect advanced to Canada? This probably is the correct answer: At Point Levi there is a quarantine station for cattle, and Old Country hay and straw are often landed with the cattle, and burs containing larve of the species have at some time been landed with the fodder. .-The burdock is plentiful on all our roads. :
BOMBYX CUNEA, Dru.
The latest communication of the Rev. T. W. Fyles on this subject may be briefly corrected by the following synonymy : SPILOSOMA, Steph. prima, Slosson. cunea, Fyles (nec. Drury). congrua, Walk. antigone, Strk. HypHANTRIA, Harris. cunea, Dru. punctatissima, S. & A. (et al.) var. budea, Hubn. textor, Harr. (et al.)
There can be no manner of doubt of Drury’s figure. It represents the spotted form of Hyphantria. The description of the abdomen, at the last resort, is conclusive. The only point in doubt, as Dr. Ottolengui says, is as to the possible specific distinctness of cunea and budea. But Mr. Lyman is at work upon this, and may be able to give us some results later on. ’ “HaRRISON G, Dyar, Washington, D. C.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ly
INSECT BITES AND THE EFFECTS THEREOF. BY CHARLES P. LOUNSBURY, DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, CAPE TOWN, S. AFRICA.
The letter from Dr. Behr, under the caption, ‘ A Californian Tick,” in the August issue of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, bears on a subject becoming fraught with interest to many investigators engaged in public ‘service. It is withthe object of stating my crude ideas on the matter, that of serious and exceptional effects sometimes following insect bites, and of relating my experience with man-attacking ticks, that I contribute this note. First, I think that a distinction should be drawn between the sting or bite of insects (I use both “ bite” and “insects” broadly) that seek their prey for food only, as mosquitoes, ticks, and bugs, and those whose attack is primarily and purposely to inflict injury, as centipedes, spiders, and many hymenopterous insects. It is with the former class only that I now concern myself.
There seems to be an object in all the intricate relationships between the various forms of life, and, in general. we have not far to seek in ascer- taining the object of any severe injury to one form by another. Rarely, if at all, do we find an organism wantonly inflicting injuries that must act directly for its own destruction. A mosquito, a flea or a tick seeks an animal to supply itself with food; and injury beyond that necessarily caused in puncturing the skin and in stimulating the flow of blood from the tissues beneath appears to be unnatural and abnormal. ‘This direct injury, unless immensely multiplied, is, I incline to believe, never of a serious nature to a man or any other animal in a normal state of health. For Argas persicus to inflict a bite which of itself proves fatal seems monstrous. The destruction of the life of a man would not benefit the tick, when all it requires is but a mere drop of blood ; and, on the other hand, for its bite to prove fatal would soon bring the tick to the verge of eradication. The case is quite different with the insects that consume much of their host, as hymenopterous parasites for instance, for they utilize their host to the utmost whilst destroying it.
Reasoning thus, and influenced doubtless by recent discoveries in the transmission of certain diseases by the agency of insects, I have come to believe that the direct injury inflicted by any individual insect when seek- ing a temporary supply or food is very rarely of a serious nature to a host healthy in mind and body. When the number of parasites is immensely multiplied, serious consequences may follow, but then we approach the condition instanced in the case of hymenopterous parasites. Apparent
18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
exceptions to this rule do exist, but for most that have occurred to me I believe there is a reasonable explanation. For example, a single tick may paralyse a sheep or cause serious lameness in a horse, but only because the tick has chanced to insert its rostrum into particular tissues ; in these cases, I have known the removal of the tick to afford almost immediate and entire relief.
An idea of this sort is at most a theory, but much support for this one may be obtained by its satisfactory application. As to how it is that various disorders, often of a serious and even fatal character, are induced or rather follow the attack of particular insects, even in limited numbers, I can only express the opinion that the effects are due, not to the primary injury, but to the incidental transmission of an organism quite as foreign to the attacking parasite as toits host. Thanks to American investigations, scientific research has shown that the Texas Fever organism is transmitted by ticks. I have affirmed this discovery in South Africa, and can add that we have ticks innumerable and of the same species in non-fever districts as we have where the fever is most prevalent ; and further, that ticks were known in the present fever areas long before the disease spread into the Colony. Major Bruce, by his labours in Zululand, has demonstrated that the bite of the notorious Tse-tse Fly is only fatal because of the incidental introduction of an infusorial parasite. Dr. Koch, I understand, is now connecting malarial fevers with mosquitoes in an analogous association. Ticks are the cause of sheep dying in Great Britain because they may transmit to their host the bacillus of Louping Ill. Other instances still might be cited, but these I think are sufficient to impress one with the fact that insects are often only unconscious agents, not principals, in causing serious consequences through their bites.
The simple bite of an insect varies in its effects with different subjects, but, as Dr. Behr remarks, the variations seem due to personal idiosyncrasy. A Kafir laborer, treading on an Acacia thorn, will simply grunt, and after withdrawing it from his foot will go on unconcernedly with his work, although it may have pierced his leather-like sole a full inch; a European would be brought to the verge of tears, and might think himself incapaci- tated for further work during the rest of the day. Just so a native is as little annoyed with head-lice as a dog is with fleas, and sleeps soundly in his squalid hut while bed-bugs carouse over his naked body. From the vermin-seasoned, unfeeling savage to the super-sensitive product of civili-
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19
zation there are innumerable gradations, and hence some variations in the effect of simple insect bites.
Some variation is due to other factors. Bites may be followed with less pain if the insect is allowed to work undisturbed. Asa child, I was taught not toslap mosquitoes until they were ready to depart, and my im- pression is that following this instruction has saved me suffering. Persons bitten by Argasids have told me the pain is always greater if they disturb their tormentors. I have not tested this assertion, but I know that the bite of Argasids left to finish their meal in peace is trifling in after-effects compared with that of Ixodids which have been disturbed by forcible removal ; one must remove the latter class of ticks or suffer their presence a number of days. Evenif one of the latter kind has not fully inserted its rostrum preparatory to feeding, the after-effects are relatively more painful. Again, the structure of a tick’s rostrum is such that forcible removal of the body often leaves a portion of the organ imbedded in the flesh. Large and painful festers may be thus initiated, which, if not prop- erly attended to, may lead to serious consequences. Further, tick bites may be made more painful by indiscreet scratching or by irritation from one’s clothing. In May last, while absorbed in watching larval ticks on grass tops, I became covered with the little fellows. Many worked their way through my clothing and my body in places was soon stippled with attached ones. Instead of smearing these with oil and leaving them to detach themselves, a measure which prevents almost all further irritation, I simply scrubbed them off in my bath. The result was innumerable painful though minute festers on my ankles and back. One cannot easily reach his back between the shoulders, and there the inflammation and pain soon subsided ; but for ten weeks my ankles, which came in for scratchings without number and were also in continual friction with my boots, remained painfully sore. Occasional injury beyond that incidental to the bite may be caused, I suspect, by the introduction of the organisms found in abscesses (such as Streptococcus pyrogenes). The attack of a certain cattle tick in this country is not uncommonly followed by the formation of an abscess, and it may be that in this case the tick or ticks had previously feasted about a similar sore ; certain it is that many are often to be found clustered about great festers.
Dr. Behr, like myself, scouts the supposition that Argas persicus inflicts a fatal wound. He suggests that the fatality may be due to the coincident occurrence of malaria, and mentions that malarious fevers
20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
are very common in the region where the tick is recorded to occur. He considers 4. fersicus a local tick, and hence has seemingly thought it indiscreet to couple the tick with the malady as a transmitter of the latter from person to person, But there is good ground for considering 4. per- sicus a widespread creature. -A fowl-attacking tick in India is referred to- the species, and also one in Australia. From a comparison of specimens from these countries with specimens of Argas americanus from Texas and with the common fowl tick of South Africa, Claude Fuller (now Natal Entomologist) and myself concluded that all were of one and the same species ; on referring South African material to A. D. Michael, the well- known English authority on the group, we were told that our ticks pre- sented no differences to 4. persicus, and, moreover, that 4. persicus was probably nothing more than the European A. reflexus. The A. columbe mentioned by Dr. Behr, it may be added, is. given by Neumann as a synonym of A. reflexus. Thus the historical, man-killing tick of Persia appears to be now found on five continents. This is not at all remark- able, for a parasite common to many birds like this one is readily dis- tributed. Two trustworthy correspondents-of mine say they have been bittten by our South African Argas, but both scoff at the idea of serious consequences ever following the bite. To note the effect of the bite my- self, I recently permitted a long-starved specimen to refresh itself from — my arm. It remained on sixty-five minutes, and then, loosening its hold, crawled off. In this time it had distended itself fully. The wound took a fortnight to heal, but I scratched the scab off several times when not thinking ; otherwise it might have healed ina shorter time. The swelling and inflammation were slight, as was also the usual exudation of serous matter. The annoyance was limited to an occasional trifling itch such as the presence of a flea at work occasions me.
Further evidence indicative of the disease-transmission theory is afforded by the circumstances surrounding another tick whose bite is con- sidered serious to man in some parts. I refer to Onithodoros Savignyt, Audouin. This is an African species which mayhap be identical with the very one which prompted Dr. Behr’s letter.* This tick, in common with mosquitoes and certain other flies, is credited with the spread of fever by
*Neumann in his monograph does not give extensive ground for separating O. Savignyi and O. turicata. In this country, natives are known to carry the tick uninten- tionally with their belongings from place to place. It might easily have been introduced into America with slaves in the last century or earlier, just as negroes, returning to Africa, are said to have introduced here the Jigger Flea (Sarcopsylla penetrans) ; this latter insect continues to spread, and is now found as far south as Durban, Natal.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21
some of the native tribes in Rhodesia; and the Namaquas, near the Orange River mouth, who have a perfect dread of it, and who will not rest in situ- ations they suspect to be infested, also believe that it induces serious illness. David Livingstone heard stories to the same effect from the Portuguese in East Africa, and in his “ Travels: in South Africa,” page 383, he thus describes the effects of the bite, apparently as experienced by himself: ‘“‘ These are,” he says, ‘‘a tingling sensation of pain and itching, which commences ascending the limb until the poison imbibed reaches the abdomen, where it soon causes violent vomiting and purging. Where these effects do not follow, as we found afterwards at Tete, fever sets in ; and I was assured by intelligent Portuguese there that death has some- times been the result of this fever.”
Now this tick, commonly known as “ tampan,” 1s spread far and wide in South Africa, and I am told is exceedingly common in the huts of natives in some parts. In the dry north-west of this colony, everybody seems to be acquainted with it and its bite. It is frequent at the uitspans (that is, places to rest the transport animals), and hence travellers nearly all receive its attention. But in these parts little more is thought of its bite than that of the bed-bug; and to my predisposed mind it has occurred that all the stories of serious effects come from notorious fever districts. Somewhat more than nine months ago I was favored with a collection of specimens from a Transvaal correspondent. He obtained them from an outhouse on his farm which had become infested simultaneously with the arrival of a batch of Bechuana natives from their own country. These tampans have been kept in a glass tube, and their long fast has made littie difference in their appearance. ‘They lie motionless in the dry earth enclosed with them and patiently await a host. Until I read Dr. Behr’s letter, now two months ago, I had not ‘screwed up” sufficient courage to let any of the repulsive creatures repast at my expense, but his remarks decided me. On September 8th, I fed one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Both were simply placed on my arm, and they attended to their wants without further invitation. Neither was restless, but immediately scratched a hole and began. One staid on an hour and the other two hours. There was no sensation of pain in either case, but an exudation of a transparent fluid was observed to collect beneath the body of the tick, and the evaporation of this appeared to be responsible for a slight sensation of cold or numbness ; at times, too, there was a slight tickling. At the conclusion of the respective banquets, each
-
22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
was fully distended with blood. When they left, there were slight inflamed spots about two millimetres in diameter, but no abrasions visible, so neatly had the operations been performed. ‘The next day the spots were somewhat swollen, and on the next there was a slight exudation of serous matter. There was, however, no pain beyond an itch when I was tired and sleepy. On the night of the third day I was taken violently ill with purging, accompanied by profuse perspiration and weakness. Fora short : time I was happy in mind (though not in body) with the thought that the ticks had given me an up-country “ fever,” but to my disappointment no fever set in; indeed it was two or three hours before my temperature rose to anything like the normal, from which it had dropped nearly three degrees during the acute distress. The following day I consulted the Colonial Medical Officer, and our conclusion was that while the attack might possibly have been induced through the ticks, the odds were much in favour of ptomaine poisoning; the fact that I had partaken of shop-made sausage a few hours previous to the illness favoured the latter view. There- fore it was desirable to have a fresh test-conducted, and as, if the trouble arose from the ticks, there was a possibility of my now. being immune, I was nota favourable subject. The Chief Inspector of Sheep for the Colony, A. G. Davison, volunteered to accept the risk, and at once a tick was placed on his arm. In forty minutes its distension was complete and it relaxed its hold. On the next day, feeling stronger myself and too enthusiastic to decide the doubt to heed any danger, I applied another specimen to my own arm; this one was a mature female, and when it withdrew fifty minutes later it had swollen to ten millimetres in length by seven in breadth. ‘The critical third night passed without mishap either to Mr. Davison or myself. Nearly two months have now elapsed, and still none of the looked-for symptoms have appeared ; and I feel convinced that the sausage was responsible in the first instance. The wound on Mr. Davison’s arm healed in ten days. All three on my arm took at least a fortnight, and the last nearer three weeks, but I am less robust than Mr. Davison. The swelling in no case was more than trifling, and the inflam- mation, also slight, lasted but three or four days. I carefully watched for a rise in temperature after the last bite, but none took place. All this detail is mentioned to show that the tick has had a fair trial, and has failed to maintain its evil reputation. But however much one may doubt native traditions, one cannot refuse to credit Livingstone’s account ; and there- fore my opinion is strengthened that in some sections the tick is the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23
~*
transmitter of fever germs. The creature is long-lived, and while it requires few meals, perhaps only one in each moult, it may take the different meals from different persons. Parties native or long resident in fever districts often become, in a measure, immunized to the disease ; but tam_ pans, from feeding on the blood of such parties, might derive organisms which, transferred to susceptible newcomers, would induce a serious attack of the complaint. Students may shake their heads over this, but the transmission of fever in this manner would not be one whit more remarkable than the transmission of Texas Fever in cattle through a similar agency. When studying the metamorphosis ofa certain cattle tick recently, I unintentionally gave this disease to a cow located far from any infected area, stabled night and day, and fed entirely on dry forage. The case was diagnosed by the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, the bes; authority in the country, so its determination admits of no doubt. But the strange part is that the ticks inducing the disease must have had it trans mitted to them from the mother tick: this had been collected in a Texas Fever area ten months before.
To refer again to Argas persicus, the change in location of a settle- ment affording temporary relief to the Persians may be explained without considering the relief evidence of very local distribution of the pest. All is, the tick only becomes abundant where its food supply is located. It does not multiply rapidly, but takes its meals so infrequently that its round of life is an extended one; therefore, after a few years an abode may become teeming with them. If sucha place be occupied after a long period of disuse, the occupant would draw a multitude of the creatures from their lurking places ; the presence ofa clean-skinned stranger among the dirty inhabitants might also bring out the enemy in unusual numbers. In the long interval between its meals, the tick secretes itself away from its host just as a bed-bug does. ‘Therefore the removal of the inhabitants and their scanty belongings leaves all or nearly all of the pest behind, perhaps to take a year or several years to starve to death. If the people change their location simply to get away from their vermin, it is probable that they look over their chattels to see that none is carried to the new quarters, and thus for a while they may have complete relief.
The apparently local distribution of O. Savignyz in parts of South Africa may be explained as I explain that of A. persicus. In the north- west of this Colony, O. Savignyz has the name of occurring almost solely in the shade of the Cameel Doorn (Acacia giraffe}. No experienced
24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
traveller to those parts, I am told, rests himself or his horses under that tree. Elsewhere in the north-west certain other vegetation is avoided by the knowing ones. Away from these plants, one may rest with little risk of attack, but beneath them he will generally soon find things altogether too lively for comfort. I have sought an explanation from travellers, and have this plausible one from a surveyor, who is also an observant natural- ist: The Cameel Doorn is the most common tree in those sun-scorched, © sandy parts, and offers almost the only available shade to horses and cattle. These animals therefore seek that tree, and there they are fre- quented by the tampan, which, it should be stated, attacks horses and cattle as freely as men. Certain other vegetation may shelter sheep and goats, but these are not found in all localities. My informant had never watched the small stock to notice if the tampan attacked it, having taken this for granted; but he had observed that it was only in small stock dis- tricts that it was necessary to avoid low bushes which afford shade as well as the higher Cameel Doorn. ‘The inference is that there is a triangular association between shade, animals, and,the tampan tick. That no tree or plant is necessary for the welfare of the tick is evidenced by the fact that in some parts of the country it takes up its abode in native huts. The thatched roof and basket-work wall of a hut gives them the necessary shelter. On the veldt, they usually appear from the sand. It is motion, not sound or scent, apparently, that attracts them, but this statement requires elaborate experimental confirmation.
In conclusion of these somewhat disjointed remarks, I trust that they, in conjunction with Dr. Behr’s letter, will have influence in arousing more interest in the somewhat neglected subject of insect bites and their effects. There are many lines open for original research, and there is a distinctly economic phase to some. For instance, if it can be demonstrated that fowl ticks, and other poultry parasites that alternate periods of rest away from the host with their gormandizing, may and do communicate dis- eases, as seems likely, an important public service will, have been ren- dered. That demonstration would have greater influence with the farmer in inducing him to wage effective war against the vermin than a score of bulletins describing the insects and suggesting remedies. In this Colony we are now striving to prove a connection between our worst sheep and goat disease and ticks ; and if we succeed, as now seems probable, we anticipate an immense “boom” in tick destruction, and consequent improvement in stock of all ‘kinds.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25
NOTES ON SPECIES OF THE TETTIGIAN GROUP OF ORTHOPTERA.
BY J. L. HANCOCK, CHICAGO.
; An interesting addition to Orthopteran distribution in the West Indies is the finding by Mr. R. J. Crew of the species Neotettix quadri- undulatus, Redtenbacher, on the Island on Haiti.
Eight specimens, kindly presented to me, were taken around Port au Prince. and, as Mr. Crew informs me, were ‘‘swept from plants along the banks of a small stream.” _I[ have identified this species, which was first described by Brunner and Redtenbacher, 1892, from the Island of. St. Vincent, West Indies, in ‘‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,” and an excellent figure is to be found on Plate xvi., fig. 10. Here it is recorded as a Tettix, but subsequent study has shown its closer approximation to Neotettix, Hancock. Species of the Jatter genus occur on the mainland of the southern United States and Mexico. ‘The above species was recorded ‘‘numerous” on the Island of St. Vincent. Mr. H. H. Smith found it at Chateaubelais, also at the south end of the island, near the sea, under decaying leaves. Brunner, 1893, again records this species from the Island of Grenada, at Mount Gay Estate, Caliveny Estate, Balthazar, in “ Orthoptera of the Island of Grenada,” Proceedings Zoological Society of London.
From a series of Tettigidz kindly furnished me from Mexico by Mr. O. W. Barrett, I am able to describe two new species of the genus Tettigidea, Scudder :
Tettigidea jalapa, sp. nov.
Rather large. Eyes prominent. Above fusco-ferruginous, dark fuscous over entire face and the sides, the last few segments at the end of the abdomen pale, legs pale throughout, the maxillary palpi a little depressed apically and very light, below the edges of prominent points and abdom- inal rings light. Body long, granulate. Vertex a little wider or sub- equally broad with an eye; nearly flat, hardly advanced in front of the eyes, widening posteriorly, the front border very little convexed, passing latterly into small rounded and somewhat elevated carine ending abruptly near the anterior inner border of the eye; on either side and just behind are the very smal] lobes situated about the middle inner margin of the eyes in small sunken fosse ; mid-carina rather thin, extending backwards only as far as the ending of the lateral carine, but very little elevated, in front insensibly coalescing with the frontal costa ;
26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
in profile the apex obtusely rounded angulate, the frontal costa depresso- convexed in front of the eyes and advanced in front of the eyes about one-fourth their width ; below the face is moderately declined ; as seen in front the frontal costa is strongly sulcate, the branches commencing near the apex in front are gradually divergent to the middle ocellus, where they are more than usually separated, Eyes very prominent and globose. Antenne very slender, reddish, inserted a little above and in front of the anterior inferior border of the eyes. Pronotum anteriorly angulate, the sides substraight, posteriorly long and subulate; the apex acute, passing the posterior femora ; dorsum smoothly granulate, with no longitudinal wrinkles, or scarcely a vestige of vein-like arrangement of the granules between the shoulders ; median carina distinctly elevated, nearly straight or gradually arched a little higher between and a little in front of the shoulders ; humeral angles very obtuse, surface of dorsum between them tectiform ; the anterior carinz are curved, becoming a little divergent posteriorly ; the borders of the posterior angle of the lateral lobe nearly form a right angle, acute at the apex ; the posterior margin is straight and vertical. The elytra are nearly smooth externally, with a short thick oblique pale line very near the apex. Femora normal, the anterior and middle femora somewhat slender ; the posterior femora rather broad, the first article of the posterior tarsus equals the third in length; the pulvillj subrounded below, the third is little the longest.
Length: body, ¢,12 mm., pronotum 13 mm., post. fem. 7 mm. The wings extend beyond the apical process of the pronotum one millimetre. Locality: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 400q ft. elevation. June, 1898. QO. W. Barrett. Tettigidea chichimeca austradts, form. nov.
Body rather small, fuscous, above ferruginous obscurely clouded with fuscous ; face below the eyes light, spreading laterally over the lower portion of lateral lobes, pale underneath the abdomen; femora light obscurely clouded ; tibia a little more distinctly striped with fuscous. Vertex scarcely narrower than an eye, obtusely angulate in front, a little produced in front of the eyes, the front margin formed of little latera} carine directed obliquely backwards and ending near the anterior inner angle of the eye, where the eye is a little conically elevated, feebly sulcate on each side longitudinally, the little lobes not very distinct, middle carinated, posteriorly extending only as far as the lateral carinz, anteriorly coalescing with the shining frontal costa; in profile the vertex is obtusely
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27
rounded, advanced in front of the eyes about one-third their breadth, the frontal costa convexed, the distance between the anterior margin of the frontal costa and that of the eyes widening considerably below ;_ the face below imperceptibly continued and quite declined ; the apex is strongly _obtusely rounded. As seen in front, the frontal costa is sulcate rather deeply, commencing near the apex, the branches are from here to the middle ocellus sub-parallel, and not divergent as in ja/afa. Pronotum with the dorsum anteriorly obtusely angulate, the sides a little convexed, posteriorly subulate acute, passing the hind femora; dorsum granulate, with an indistinct longitudinal wrinkle on either side running parallel with the humeral angles, otherwise scarcely rugose ; median carina distinctly elevated, gradually but slightly arched between the shoulders, sloping to the front margin ; anterior lateral carina near the front sub- straight and subdivergent posteriorly ; humeral angles strongly sloping laterally, as seen in front obtuse, between the shoulders convexed, the median carina clouded with fuscous. Elytra almost smooth, dark externally, marked with a minute light oblique line near the apex. Wings extended beyond the apex of pronotum. Femora with the carine unchanged, the posterior femora quite large, the first and third articles of the posterior tarsi about equal in length, all the pulvilli of equal length.
Length: body,¢,9 mm., pronotum 9.5 mm., post. fem. 5.5 mm. Wings extending about one millimetre beyond the process of pronotum, making the total length 11 millimetres.
Locality : Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico. May, 1898. O. W. Barrett.
This species is so closely related to Tettigidea chichimeca, Sauss., that I place it as a dimorphic form.
A NEW POPULAR NAME FOR CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA.
For many years this insect has been popularly known as “‘ the forest tent-caterpillar.” During the past two or three years it has attracted much attention in New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, from its ravages in maple forests, city or village maple shade trees, and in many orchards. In orchards it has often worked with its near relative, the apple tent-caterpillar (C/isiocampa americana). Every one who critically observes the habits of these two species of caterpillars soon discovers that “the forest tent-caterpillar” is a very misleading name for C/istocampa disstria, because its caterpillars never make a tent, while the apple tent-caterpillars always do. Several who have seriously discussed these insects recently have felt the necessity of a new popular name for Clisiocampa disstria. Professor C. M. Weed, of New Hampshire, when writing his recent excellent bulletin on the pest, asked me to suggest some
28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
change in the name. But after considering such names as “ the forest caterpillar,” ‘the forest Clisiocampa,” ‘‘the spotted forest caterpillar,” “the maple Clisiocampa,” I was unable to suggest any good substitute for the old name. Recently, however, while again cogitating on the subject, the name of “forest tent/ess caterpillar” suddenly appeared on the horizon of my thoughts. It seemed hardly the thing at first, but the more I thought of it the more appropriate it seemed. I brought the name before the Entomological Club, the Jugate, here at Cornell University, and all agreed it was a very aptand easy way to solve the problem. The name of ‘‘forest tentless caterpillar’ retains all of the ‘told associations ;” it is not a radical nor a difficult change to become accustomed to, and it expresses the characteristic difference between the habits of the cater- pillar and those of the apple tent-caterpillar. I would therefore here propose that C/istocampa disstria be properly known as the forest tentless caterpillar. Are there any serious objections to this name, or has anyone a better one to suggest ? M. V. SLINGERLAND, Ithaca, N. Y.
MELANOPLUS DIFFERENTIALIS IN NEW JERSEY AND PENNSYLVANIA.
Professor J. B. Smith, of New Brunswick, N. J., first reported this grasshopper in this section, as occurring in cranberry bogs in New Jersey. In 1896 specimens were taken by Mr. W. H. Wensel, of Philadelphia, in Southern Philadelphia (‘‘the Neck”) ; by Mr. S. T. Kemp, of Elizabeth, N. J., at Camden, N. J.; and by Mr. C. Fen: Seiss, of Philadelphia, on August 26th, the latter on a window-sill in the centre of the city. Mr. Seiss has in his collection four specimens taken in 1897, on August 2nd, September 11th (two specimens), and November 6th—all from Phila- delphia. The writer secured five specimens on September 5th and rith at League Island and Philadelphia Neck, Philadelphia Co., Penn. ‘They were collected on the large leaves of weeds, except one taken on a cement walk. In the same year specimens were taken at Riverton, Bur- lington Co., and Westville, Gloucester Co., N. J., by Mr. H. L. Vitenck. In 1898 they first appeared mature about August tst, in the streets, on lots, and even in the iron manufacturing sections of the city, where there is absolutely no vegetation. Their number was greatly increased, and they appeared to be firmly established. The year 1899 presented this species as arather common grasshopper from August to October, with all the territory surrounding this city occupied by it. The range of this species this far east (Smith’s record) was doubted by Scudder (Rev. Melan., p. 353), but he adds ina foot-note that he later noticed specimens in the collection cf the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia from Camden Co., N. J. The range of this species to the north or south of this section I do not know, but I think it has come east to stay, as it seems to take possession of everything and thrive in its new location.
James A. G. ReHN, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia.
Mailed January 17th, 1900.
aie oma
Vou. XXXIL LON DON, FEBRUARY, Tg00. No. 2 c ONTED NTS.
Pergande --New plant-louse on violets....... 29 Dyar—North American Yponomeutida...... 37
Banks—On two genera of Mites,............ 30 | Baker—Four new species of Platymetopius.. 4
Coquillett — New genera and species of | Webster and Mally—The Purslane Saw-fly.. 51 RRSERUMARIE Eee ate Salat alate = Saree’ *)6 «(5 2, > ='n: == 33 Howard—Popular name for Clisiocampa
ltarnes—New species and varieties of Lepi- ISSELIAR ore ecic Koes onal s omaeeced 54 RRER SPR Mie ei ciaes o) che cin ita a,2)+ >. ols inin esse 42 | Johnson—The destructive green-pea louse... 56
}
A NEW SPECIES OF PLANT-LOUSE INJURIOUS TO VIOLETS. BY THEODORE PERGANDE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Among several species of insects which oe lately come to the notice of the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agricul- _ture, through their ravages upon greenhouse violets, is a little species of plant-louse known to florists as the black or brown aphis. ‘The species is now very generaily distributed in the United States and occurs in Canada, although it was not known until within five or six years from the time of writing. As it appears to be undescribed, I propose the specific name viole, and have placed it in the genus Rhopalosiphum, to which it appears to belong. The following description is submitted, pending a more detailed account of the injuries and a consideration of remedies which it is expected will shortly be published by the Department of Agriculture.
Rhopalosiphum viola, n. sp.
Apterous females dark cherry-brown and polished, the larvae and pupz generally somewhat paler. Eyes dark brown, third joint of antennz more or less distinctly of a paler colour than the body, the remaining joints black. Legs purplish, the femora darkest towards the end and the apex of the tibize and the tarsi black. Nectaries purplish. Head and thorax of the pupz generally paler than the rest of the body.
Winged females also dark cherry-brown or purplish-brown, the antenne, thoracic lobes, terminal two-thirds or more of femora, apex of tibiz and tarsi black ; rest of the legs of a dull yellowish colour, with a tinge of purple. Nectaries and tail dusky. Wings clear, the veins strong and black and conspicuously shaded ; stigma black; stigmal vein short
30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and strongly curved. Antenne of all, very long and slender, reaching considerably beyond the end of the body ; joint six with its spur is much longer than the third, joints four and five are subequal in length, and each of them somewhat longer than the third ; there are numerous sen- sorial tubercles on joint three and a few on joint four, while all of them are sharply serrate. ‘The first joint is very much the stoutest, and bulging out strongly about the middle at the inner side ; frontal tubercles promi- ~ nent and gibbous at the inner apical angle. Legs long and slender. Nectaries clavate, reaching to the tip of the abdomen. Tail short and inconspicuous. - Length of winged and apterous females about 1.6 mm. expanse of wings about 5 mm. :
Type No. 4,467, U. S. National Museum. Many specimens. Type locality, Washington, D. C.
This is a singularly handsome species, which in the peculiarly short and strongly curved stigmal vein and strongly shaded venation reminds one of Callipterus; while the gibbous frontal tubercles recall those of some species of Myzus. ‘There is also a,queer tendency of losing one or both branches of the third discoidal vein, the stigmal and sometimes one or both of the veins of the hind wings. In one of the wings of one specimen the second and third discoidals arise from the same spot, while these two veins of the other wing arise from a common petiole.
These plant-lice are very numerous at the crown of violet plants; pre- venting the young leaves from unfolding or checking their development. Many are also fcund in the petioles and on the under side of the leaves.
ON. TWO. GENERA “OF “MITES. BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST END, VA.
In 1871, Thorell pubtished his description of Riagidia in a paper entitled, ‘‘Om Arachnider fran Spetsbergen och Beeren-Eiland.” He placed it in the family Lufodide, from the other genera of which it differed principally in the great size of the mandibles. - In 1876, Cam- bridge, in his paper “‘ On a new Order and some new Genera of Arach- nida from Kerguelen’s Land,’’ described Pect/ophysis as the type of a new family and a new order. He was unaware of Thorell’s mite, yet there is but one prominent difference between them, Pect/ophysis is said to have eyes on the frontal tubercle. Neither of these authors gave any reference to any species of Koch’s genus Scyphius, to which their forms bear a great resemblance, Koch described about a dozen species of this
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31
genus, many of which are doubtless only forms of one species. In the modern European literature, nothing is done with Koch’s species of this genus, save by Oudemans (1897), who identifies four of the Kochian names. Oudemans, however, appears to be ignorant of the fact that ‘there were several other names for this genus besides Scyphzus, for he thinks, since Scyf/zus is preoccupied, that the genus must have a new name. /
However, in 1886 it received two names, Vorneria from Canestrini and Scyphoides from Berlese. The former has the priority, and is used by Berlese in his “ Acari Italiani.” Canestrini pleaded the impossibility of identifying Koch’s species, and described both of the Italian forms as new, in which he has been followed by Berlese. Neither of the Italian authors appear to be aware of either Rhagidia or Pecilophysis, else they would have mentioned the similarity between these forms ; and Berlese omits these genera from his list, which professes to be complete for the world. ‘There is not, however, any doubt that Rhagidia is generically the same as Scyphius, and Rhagidia has priority over all the other names proposed to replace Scyphius (which is preoccupied). Pecilophysis, in spite of its alleged eyes, is not, in my opinion, distinct from Rhagidia. The Scyphoides of Karpelles (1891) is evidently a different genus, but somewhat allied to Rhagidia.
Rhagidia is thus a world-wide genus, known by the large mandibles and its resemblance to Sodfugide, a fact noticed by both Thorell and Cambridge. ‘The genus will stand as follows :
RuacipiA, Thorell, 1871.
Scyphius, Koch (preoccupied). Pectlophysis, Cambridge, 1876. Norneria, Canestrini, 1886. Scyphoides, Berlese, 1886.
It is impossible to tell how many of Koch’s names represent good species ; however, omitting these, there are the following species in the genus :
Rhagidia gelida, Thorell—Behring Island, Nova Zembla, Siberia.
kerguelensis, Cambr. (Pcecilophysis) Kerguelen. “gigas, Canestr. (Norneria)—Italy. ‘“ clavifrons, Canestr. (Norneria)—Italy. “ hamata, Kr. and Neum. (Scyphius)—-Japan. “Japonica, Kr. and Neum. (Scyphius)—Japan. “pallida, Banks—United States.
KK KX KKK * *
bo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
In the Ann. Entom. Soc., France, for 1864, Lucas described, on’
page 206, a curious mite from Algeria and Tunis. He called it Rhyn- cholophus (2) plumipes, It differed from the ordinary species of this genus in a number of minor characters, but was chiefly remarkable in having on the hind tarsi a dense plume of long hair. Frauenfeld, in the Zool-bot. Ges. Wien., XVIII., p. 892. records having received specimens from Spain and Corfu, which he considers this species. He does not give any description of his forms, so it is not possible to tell whether they were the same species or not. Then, Haller, in his paper—Beit. zur Keuntniss der schweizerischen Milbenfauna—gave a figure and description of a mite, which he considered Lucas’s species, from speci- mens collected in Switzerland. There are, however, numerous differ- ences between his form and that described by Lucas, so there is no doubt that the Swiss species is new. In 1893, Birula, in Hore Soc. Entom. Ross, p. 388, under the heading of ‘““Rhyncholophus (Macropus) plumifer,’ describes an allied mite. He gives no reference to Lucas, and probably did not know of &. plumipes. The subgeneric name, Macropus, is not mentioned in the text of the article. His species came from Russian Armenia. C. F. George, in Science Gossip, Vol. III., p. 150 (1896), records X. p/umipes from the Isle of Jersey ; it is not certain that it is the species of Lucas. Now, in 1897, Cambridge, in the. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 939, gives the description and figure of a new genus and species of mite from Algeria—Zatonia scopulifera. He refers to Birula’s paper, but not to that of Lucas or Haller. A glance at his figures and description shows that it is the same as Rhyncholophus plum- ipes, Without the shadow of a doubt.
Now the question arises, ‘‘ What is the name of this mite?” All of these mites have the same peculiar structure of the hind tarsi, and undoubtedly form a natural group of generic rank. The first name proposed, AZacropus, by Birula (which is not mentioned by Cambridge) has been used severai times in Zoology, and so is not available. Aatonia has been used at least twice before, and also becomes inapplicable. It is therefore necessary to create a new name for the genus. I propose Lucastella.
As to the species, Cambridge’s species is the same as that of Lucas. Haller’s form is not the same, and may be called Z. Had/erz. Birula’s species is a good one, so that there are at least three species of this genus in the Mediterranean region, which-may be tabulated as below :
—_—
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33
1. Body granulate ; rostrum with a long spine; palpi tapering, straight ;
ist jot of leg iv. not swollen: ©... .....+..».....L. plumipes. Seeemmnesceales oF flattened hairsii. vise. )s ae ae sie e kelne
2. Frontal tubercle with short spines ; last joint of leg iv. swol-
2
re eo goes rds RMON Tee Her od. w lag rate th eNesw ce hg PLM MRE ER Frontal tubercle with very long spines; last joint of leg iv. not ORME nts cae'= Firs i's v. 9 nies ste Maia etelahd olSte «4! scar elon LARLLORE.
LuCASIELLA, Banks. Rhyncholophus, Lucas (in part), 1864. Mucropus, Birula (preoccupied), 1893. Eatonia, Cambridge (preoccupied), 1897. L. plumipes, Lucas, 1864—Algeria, Tunis, Corfu, Spain, Isle of Jersey. Latonia scopulifera, Cambr., 1897. L. plumifer, Birula, 1893—Russian Armenia. L. Halleri, Banks, 1899—Switzerland. R. plumipes, Haller (nec Lucas).
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF EPHYDRID/. BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Psilopa flavida, n. sp. 3 .—Yellow, polished, the third joint of antennze, except the lower side, dark brown ; hairs and macrocheete black, a vitta reaching from humerus to insertion of wing, and another on middle of pleura, black ; abdomen, except first segment and middle of the second, black, with a strong violaceous tinge; knob of halteres greenish yellow ; wings grayish hyaline, unmarked ; two pairs of dorso-central mocrochete ; length 2.5 mm. New Bedford, Mass. A single specimen collected by Dr. Garry de N. Hough. Type No. 4292, U. S. Nat. Museum.
Psilopa varipes, n. sp. 2 .—Black, polished, the third antennal joint brown, its base yellow, knob of halteres white, middle and hind tibiz and their tarsi yellow, apices of the tarsi brown; head, thorax and scutellum tinged with green, the mesonotum and scutellum slightly scabrous, less polished than the head and pleura, only one pair of dorso- centrals ; wings hyaline, the hind crossvein distinctly clouded with brown ; length 2 mm. Vancouver Isd., Brit. Columbia. Three specimens collected by Mr. C. Livingston. Type No. 4293, U.S. Nat. Museum.
Psilopa similis, nv. sp. & 9.—Black, the third antennal joint brownish, knob of halteres white; all coxe, femora, middle and hind
34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
tibie and their tarsi, yellow; head and pleura highly polished, the abdomen less so, mesonotum and scutellum subopaque, slightly scabrous, thinly gray, pruinose, one pair of dorso-centrals ; wings hyaline, both cross veins clouded with brown, broad apex of wing also brown ; length 2mm. Biscayne Bay, Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and Opelousas, La. (Mr. G. R. Pilate). Five specimens. Those from the last named | locality are in the collection of Dr. Garry de N. Hough, to whom I am indebted for the privilege of examining these and other specimens belonging to this family. Type No. 4294, U.S. Nat. Museum.
Hyadina albovenosa, 0. sp. @.—Black, the under portion of the third antennal joint, palpi, and tarsi except the last joint, yellow, the halteres whitish ; face, cheeks and lower part of occiput opaque gray pruinose, remainder of occiput slightly polished, front highly polished, mesonotum and scutellum slightly less so, one pair of dorso-centrals, pleura thinly whitish pruinose, abdomen opaque brownish pruinose, the broad lateral margins and the fifth segment highly polished, genitalia light gray ; wings grayish hyaline, the cross veins distinctly clouded with white. Length 1 mm. Tifton, Ga. (Oct., 1896), and’ Opelousas, La. (March, 1897). Three specimens coliected by Mr. G. R. Pilate. Type No. 4295, U. S. Nat. Museum.
Gastrops nebulosus,n. sp. ¢ 9.—Black, the antennez, excépt the upper edge and sometimes broad apex of the third joint, apex of proboscis, stem of halteres, and tarsi, except the last joint, yellow ; tibize reddish-brown ; head, thorax and scutellum polished, sparsely covered with brownish pruinose spots, one pair of dorso-centrals; abdomen lustrous, tinged with bronze, coarsely punctured ; wings hyaline, mottled with light and dark brown, a dark brown cloud on the cross veins, one below apex of the first vein, another midway between apices of first and second veins, one at apex of second vein covering a stump of a vein that projects into the submarginal cell from the second vein a short distance before its apex ; apices of third and fourth veins bordered with brown, that on the third extending more than half way to apex of second vein, where it is considerably expanded ; a faint brown cloud in the outer fourth of the first posterior cell, and one near centre of the second posterior cell; length 2 to 3 mm. N.C. and Tifton, Ga. (Oct.—Nov., 1896). Nine specimens; those from Ga. were collected by Mr. G. R. Pilate, and are in Dr. Hough’s collection. Type No. 4296, U. S. Nat. Museum. -
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35
Nostima, n. gen. Hydrellinee.--Second joint of antennz destitute of bristles, arista with long pectinations on the upper side; two pairs of vertical bristles, a strong pair of ocellars, situated between the two upper ocelli, three pairs of extremely small fronto-orbitals forming a row along each eye ; face strongly projecting forward below, in profile slightly con- cave to the lowest seventh, then strongly retreating to the oral margin, three bristles near each lower corner of the face; eyes densely pubescent. Thorax bearing two pairs of dorso-centrals, no bristly hairs between them, only afew on any portion of the thorax ; two notopleural and a small sternopleural macrochztie, two pairs on the scutellum, Abdomen composed of five segments, of which the second is as long as the three following taken together, the latter subequal in length. Legs destitute of long bristles. Venation normal, the costa is continued to the tip of the fourth vein, apex of second vein slightly nearer tip of the third than to the first, last two sections of fourth vein subequal in length. Type, the following species :
Nostima Slosson@, n. sp. ¢.—Black, opaque, the legs polished, the under side of the third antennal joint, the tarsi except the last joint, and a band near the middle of each hind tibia, yellow ; face gray pruinose, a small brown spot near the centre, front blackish brown, an ocellar dot, the upper corners and narrow orbits, gray ; mesonotum gray pruinose, marked with five dark brown vitte, pleura black, a gray streak near the middle of the front part, and another on the upper edge of the sternopleura ; scutellum black, the front corners gray, metanotum and abdomen black, a pair of gray spots on the third, fourth and fifth seg- ments ; wings dark brown, the costal cell and the marginal cell adjoining it almost wholly white, a white spot covering a stump of a vein nearly midway between apices of first and second veins, a similar spot before,
and another at the apex of the second vein, one near the apex of the sub- marginal cell, another in the first posterior cell slightly more remote from its apex than the above, one on the fourth vein opposite the one in the first posterior cell, one near the apex of the discal cell, and one on the opposite side of the fifth vein ; a white spot on the small cross vein, one at each end of the hind cross vein, a nearly triangular spot in extreme apex of the first posterior cell, and a large one at the first third of this cell, a narrow one on the opposite side of the third vein, a whitish streak near base of discal cell, and another near centre of the third posterior cell; length nearly 1 mm. Biscayne Bay, Florida. A single specimen collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson, to whom this handsome species is respectfully dedicated. Type No. 4297, U.S, Nat. Museum,
36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Faratissa, vu. gen. Notiphiline.—Second joint of antennz covered with very short, stout bristles, and with a longer one, directed forward, at the upper angle of the inner side, arista with long pectinations on the upper side ; two pairs of vertical bristles, an ocellar pair situated slightly lower than the two upper ocelli; a second pair placed a little lower than the lowest ocellus, also a third pair nearly midway between these and the lower edge of the front, the three pairs directed forward ; four pairs of — fronto orbitals, placed in a row along each eye, the upper pair the smallest, the two upper pairs directed outward, the others forward ; face slightly projecting forward at the oral margin, in profile gently concave, bearing two macrochete near each lower corner, several stout bristles along the lateral oral margin, cheeks scarcely one-seventh as broad as height of eyes. Thorax bearing two pairs of dorso-centrals, one intra-alar,
three supra-alar, one presutural, one humeral, two notopleural, two mesopleural and one sternopleural macrochete ; short, bristly hairs of mesonotum numerous and arranged in quite regular rows, two of which are between the dorso-centrals ; scutellum covered with short, bristly hairs and bearing three pairs of macrochetze, the intermediate pair less than half as long as the anterior pair. Abdomen composed of five segments in the male, six in the female. Tibi destitute of long bristles. Venation normal, costa reaching apex of fourth vein, apex of second vein slightly beyond middle between first and third veins, penultimate section of fourth vein two-thirds as long as the last section. Type Drosophila pollinosa, Williston, from St. Vincent, West Indies; three specimens were taken by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, at Biscayne Bay, Florida.
Ephydra austrina, n. sp. g 9.—Front in the middle polished bronze green, very thinly brownish pruinose, sparsely covered with short bristly hairs and with a pair of stout macrochete a short distance above the antennz ; an oval depression below the lowest ocellus, sides of front opaque brown pruinose, the narrow orbits gray, two fronto-orbitals each side ; face near the upper edge green, polished, thinly grayish pruinose, remainder of face opaque brownish gray pruinose, the macrochete fring- ing the anterior oral margin fewand rather short ; antennz black, the third joint destitute of a long lateral hair; proboscis grayish black, the apex yellowish, palpi brown ; body green, mesonotum polished, thinly brown pruinose, five pairs of dorso-centrals, pleura greenish gray pruinose, a brown spot near the centre ; abdomen subopaque, thinly gray pruinose ; second, third and fourth segments in the male subequal in length, each slightly shorter than ‘the fifth ; femora green, tibie greenish brown, all thinly gray pruinose, knees yellowish, tarsi brown, not enlarged in either sex ; wings hyaline ; halteres yellow ; length 4 to 5.5 mm. Georgiana, Florida. Nine specimens, collected by Mr. William Wittfeld, Type No. 4299, U. S. Nat. Museum,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37
NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN YPONOMEUTID“. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. Family YPONOMEUTID&. ; Spnopsis of North American Genera. Hind wings with veins 3 and 4 stalked or united. Hind wings with vein 4 present. Veins 6 and 7 separate. Antenne of male thickened with scales toward bases 422 :,.. .. Yep eee see Pads 2's EV @LSIN GAIN Antenne of male not thickened with scales. Second joint of palpi tufted.............. Choreutis. Second joint not tufted, but rough scaled. Hind wings elongate ovate or narrow ob-
LONG: .:.'. qe eee etre ann eG paiorer pa
Hind wings short ovate or trigonate. .. Szmethis.
Poms Gand \4<stalked ¢ sc iiaseewrcmsnos opie sateen «PL COSCO MI: Pind wings with-vein 4 absent:. 1.20.92. ac! .. 3... « ¥ponomeuta.
Hind wings with veins 3 and 4 separate, rarely connate. Palpi not tufted, smooth, upturned. Hind wings with the cross-vein of cell strongly angled. . Wveza. Hind wings with the cross-vein straight. Palpi reaching above the middle of the front...... Affeva. Palpi not reaching the middle of the front. . Z7cchostibas. Palpi with the second joint tufted below or porrect and hairy. Third joint smooth, sharp pointed, distinct. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings stalked. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings stalked.
Apex of fore wings pointed.......... Cerostoma. Apex of fore wings falcate..... Lericlymenobius. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings separate...... Zrachoma.
Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings separate. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings separate........Plutel/a. Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings stalked............ Fido.
Third joint concealed in hair or porrect, not smooth.
Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings stalked...........Euceratia.
Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings separate. Fore wings with rr veins...............Fterolonche.
Fore wings with 12 veins,
38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Veins 9 and 10 stalked........... .Calantica. Veins g and 10 separate. } Basal joint of palpi short.........Ar@olepia. Basal joint of palpilong........? Thelethia.
Subfamily YPONOMEUTIN#. Genus YPONOMEUTA, Latr. Latr., Gen. Crust. Ins., IV., 222, 1796; Ayponomeuta, = et auct. Synopsis of Species. Hind oe above and all wings below shaded with dark gray.. EAs RTT ORS. 1 via). e Re ae
Wings white on both sides. Foner era or bimaculella.
Y. multipunctedla, ag: , Pr. Acad: Nat. Sci. Phil,, 8, ee Chamb. Bull. U. S. Geog. Surv., IV., 151, 1878 (refs.); Riley, Smith’s List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5156; cee Gaumer, Obs. Nat.; Chamb. Bull. IV., 151, 1878; ¢ ordinatelius, Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., XXVIII., 530, 1863.
A specimen of this species in the Nat. Museum has pinned on it a printed slip, cut from a journal, which reads as follows: ‘On the 25th of May, I obtained from the Wakarusa bottom a large number of very small larve that were feeding upon the Waahoo,. Auonymus atropur- pureus. These caterpillars were so small when fully grown that they escaped through the wire-topped cage and made their cocoons in the corners of the room, and, ten days later, they hatched and were captured as they flew in the windows. This is the moth which I have named the Waahoo moth, Hyfonomeuta wakarusa.” Across the face of the slip is written “G. F. Gaumer.” '
I have nine males, no females, of mu/tipunctedla.
Y. orbimaculella, Chamb.,-Can. Ent., V., 12, 1873; orbinaculella,
Riley, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5157, 1891 ; ewxonymel/a, Chamb., Can. Ent., IV., 42, 1872; evonymella, Chamb., Bull. U.S. Geog. Surv., 150, 1878; Qordinatellus, Walk. ; This differs from the preceding only in lacking the gray shading. I have seven females, no males, of ordimaculed/a. Both forms, bred from Euonymus americanus, Dept. Agriculture, No. 3406, will doubtless prove to be sexes of one species as determined by Walker.
[Note.—VY. apicipunctedia, Chamb., and Y. Zelleriella, Chamb., are referable to Psecadia in the CEcophoride ; V. guinguepunctel/a, Chamb., to Prodoxus in the Tineidz. |’
“7
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ou
Genus Mieza, Walk. Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., II., 527, 1854 ; Enemia, Zell., Verhl. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXII., 562, 1872 ; XXV., 345, 1875.
Synopsis of Species. Head white on the vertex. Fore wings white on basal two-thirds of inner margin, with distinct,
round, dark brown spots.... .. RISGLED. ate ate 3s SL CP DEMS:
Fore wings thickly and uniformly spenled with oe streaks, the seund dots small‘and obscures 4 8. 46-1 ss ..psammitis. MOM OME VGUIER cca. os so Sey Series eel 2 « PENNE.
M. subfervens, Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., IL., Bue cee Zell. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXII., 563, 1872 ; Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc., II., 152, 1874.
M. psammitis, ‘Zell., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXII., 562, 1872.
M. igninix, Walk., Cat. Brit, Mus.7 iy 527; Biel ; Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc., II., 152, 1874; crassinervella, Zell., Weiks Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXII., 563, 1872; Packard, Amer. Nat., IV., 229, 1870, pl. 2, fig. 1 (as Eustixia pupula) ; Slosson, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1V., 86, 1896 ; Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV., 87, 1896.
Genus ArrEva, Walk.
Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., II., 526, 1854 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, 112 (full refs. and synon.).
A. aurea, Fitch, 3rd. Rept. Ins. N. Y., 168, 1856 ; Pack., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., III., 106, 1864; Stretch, Zyg. Bomb.-N. A., 159, 1872 ; compta, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 251, 1862; Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., IV., 319, 1865 ; V., 231, 1865 ; Riley, rst Rept. Ins. Mo., 151, 1868 ; Zell., Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXXII., 178, 1871 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soé. Lond., 1897, I12.
The larva feeds on Adlanthus.
Lord Walsingham refers punctel/la, aurea and gemmata to one species, but they certainly seem distinct.
A. gemmata, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc., L., 93, 1873; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond,, 1897, 113 ; foridana, Neum., Can. Ent., XXIII., 123, 1891 ; Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., V., 48, 1897.
_ The larva feeds on Simaruba. Genus TricHostipas, Zell.
Zell., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1863, 150; Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross., XIII., 227 1877 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, 114.
+0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
I. calligera, Zell., Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross., XIII., 231, 1877 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, 533, 547 ; 1897, 115 ; parvula, Hy. Edw., Pap. I., 80, 1881 ; Smith’s List, Lep. Bor. Am., No. 958, 1891 ; Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., I., 86, 1892; Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.; VI., 41, 1898.
Not uncommon in southern Fiorida. The Nat. Museum has some 25 of the cocoons, which closely resemble Lord Walsingham’s description of Z. fumosa, Zell. (Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1897, 114), except that it is not kidney-shaped, but regularly elliptical. The meshes are nearly square, and the stem by which it is suspended runs along the side of the cocoon and projects a little way beyond. The open neck at the posterior end, about the use of which Lord Walsingham seems to have been in doubt, obviously serves as a place to eject the larval cast skin, which has disappeared in all the specimens before me. I found the cocoons on the trunk of a large tree at Miami, Florida. Other specimens are labelled ** on fence,” Green Cove Springs, Fla. (R. S. Turner) ; ‘‘ on Persea; sp:,” Cocoanut Grove. Fla. (E. A. Schwarz); Jacksonville, Fla. (W. H. Ashmead). 2
Subfamily PLUTELLIN2.
This includes Calantica, Zell.; Euceratia, Wals.; Areolepia, Wals.; Periclymenobius, Wall.; Trachoma, Wall.; Pterolonche, Zell.; Cerostoma, Latr.; Plutella, Schr. Eido, Chamb., seems also to fall here, though J have no specimens.
These genera stand correctly listed in Smith’s list, except that dubtosella, Beut. (No. 5198), should be transferred to Plutella, and is, indeed, scarcely to be distinguished from the less strongly marked specimens of P. cruciferarum, which are in the collection, bred from turnip. This latter species should be known as P. maculipennis, Curt. (see Wals. and Durr., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, 173, 1897, for full references).
The following species may be added:
Cerostoma Koebelella, n. sp.
Maxillary palpi filiform, labial long, second joint strongly tufted below, third smooth, sharp pointed. On fore wings veins 7 and 8 stalked ; on hind wings 3 and 4 approximate, but separate, 6 and 7 long stalked. Head and thorax dark gray ; fore wings purplish gray on the half towards inner margin, sprinkled with little irregular clusters of brown-black scales ; costal half paler, likewise irrorate with darker scales, a luteous band from the middle of the cell to apex, ill-defined-and diffuse, irrorate with brown
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4]
scales. It is of even width, covering veins 7 and 8; beyond the cell are also two faint luteous streaks over veins 5 and 6. Secondaries and abdo- men shining gray. Expanse 18 mm., one male, Placer Co., Cal., Sept., * through C. V. Riley,” U.S. Nat. Museum, type No. 4422. Synopsis of Species of Cerostoma. Fore wing luteous, this colour predominating. Smooth, reddish luteous, not irrorate............sublucella, Wals. Wings irrorate with darker lines and spots. A dark streak from apex to cell ; two black blotches on inner margin, the wing otherwise scarcely strigose. ...cerve//a, Wals. No apical streak ; fore wing strigose-reticulate, some of the strige on internal margin often forming heavy RRS te nis os os ox af Se eR fans, s ee SELES PLOCLLE "WV ANS: Fore wing gray, the luteous not predominating. A series of three black dashes below the cell and a spot at the
SU ek ov, 0) 2 RE es oer LLLP I Gs DEMt. No longitudinal black dashes. A luteous streak from cell to apex............Koebeletia, Dyar. Nosuch streak, at most a luteous ray from the base toward outer SBRAM OAL ei ss es « ae epee oe «Sere RO LGLCLLE, LOOM)
Subfamily GLYPHIPTERYGIN® Genus SETIOSTOMA, Zell. Zell., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXV., 324, 1875. S. xanthobasis, Zell., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXV., 325, 1875. S. Fernaldella, Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I., 155, 1889. Genus WALSINGHAMIA, Riley. Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I, 157, 1889. W. diva, Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I., 158, 18809. Genus Simaruis, Leach. Leach, in Sam. Comp., 254, 1819 ; Brenthia, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1860, 172. S. vicarilis, Zell., Verh., Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien., XXV., 322, 1875. S. pavonacella, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., XII., 172, 1860 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1897, 120 (references). Lord Walsingham recognizes the genus Brenthia for this species, but it seems to me to fall in Simzethis. The other species of Brenthia fall in
Choreutis. (To be continued. )
42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY WILLIAM BARNES, M. D., DECATUR, ILLINOIS.
Melitea Chalcedon, ab. Jusimacula. Seirarctia Clio, var. Jessica, N. var.
Melitea Chalcedon, ab. Mariana. Orgyta Oslart, n. sp.
Melitewa Senrabii, n. sp. ' _Eulimacodes Telligit, n. sp.
Thecla Mirabelle, n. sp. Coloradia Doris, n. sp. .
Pyrgus Polingii, n. sp. Tolype Glenwoodit, n. sp. Pseudalypia Geronimo, 0. sp. Gloveria Arizonensts, Pack., male.
Melitea Chalcedon, ab. fusimacula.— Variations of Chalcedon are very common, but the ones I now describe are so striking that they are certainly worthy of a varietal name, especially as they do not seem to be so very uncommon. In the first of these, to which I have given the name fusimacuda, there is a tendency to obliteration of the spots on discs of both wings, and to a fusion of the three outer rows of spots in a horizontal direction. The ground colour of the upper surface is of the same rich black as Chalcedon. There is a complete absence of the spots in the cells of both fore and hind wings in males, and there are but faint traces of them in the females. On the fore wings the fusion takes place as follows: The two outer rows unite to form a yellow band, which is joined at about its middle by a yellow demi-band from the costa, which is composed of the fusion of the two inner rows. The infra-cellular spot on the fore wings is either absent or fused with the large spot outside of it, thus forming a large quadrangular patch on the middle of the hind mar- gin. On the hind wings there is more or less complete fusion of the outer three rows of spots, resulting in a broad yellow band across the wing composed of large quadrangular spots three-eighths of an inch long lying between the nervules. There are faint traces of a marginal row of red spots. On the under side the fusion is even more marked. There is almost complete obliteration of the mesial row of red spots on the hind wings. The red markings on the inner third of the hind wings are about the same as in Chalcedon, but the yellow spots have almost or quite dis- appeared, being replaced by black. Types: three males and two females from California.
Melitea Chalcedon, ab. Mariana.—Upper surface black on both wings, the only markings being, on the fore wings the marginal row of red spots, and in one specimen two faint red spots in cell, and on the hind wings a series of minute yellow spots, representing the mesial row. All
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45
the other spots have disappeared, though in one specimen a few can be discerned through the black. On the under surface the yellow markings have been entirely replaced by black, the red remaining intact. In one specimen the yellow spots can be traced through the black, but in the other there is no sign of them to be seen. The only traces of yellow are a few scales along the veins of the hind wings, a few more at the apex of the fore wings and the spots on the fringes. ‘Types: two males. Cali- fornia.
Melitea Senrabii, n. sp.—Male, upper surface black, with light brick- red markings as follows : Indications of a marginal row of spots as shown by two or three at inner angle of fore wings. In one specimen there are also faint traces of spots on the secondaries. A submarginal row follow- ing outer edge of both wings, seven on fore and eight on hind wings, large end distinct. A third row nearly obsolete. The three spots at costal end, yellowish white. Two narrow bars in cell and four or five small irregular spots below and to inner side of them, on the primaries. On inner half of hind wings, two short transverse bars from costal edge with a round spot below and between them. ‘Traces of one or two other spots. Under surface of primaries has a marginal band of red divided by black veins. Within this is a row of white spots, fading out at inner angle, heavily margined by black internally, and lightly externally. The third row is composed of large red spots corresponding to the prominent row on the upper surface. A demi-band from costa joins this at its middle. The spots on the demi-band are four or five in number and of a yellowish tinge. The remainder of the wing is red, and has four black bands from costa; the inner extending across wing, the outer three only half way. Hind wings have a marginal, a basal and a double mesial row of white spots margined with black. ‘There is also a white spot in disc, margined with black. The rest of the wing is red. Thorax and abdomen, black above, whitish beneath. Antenne black with light rings at joints. Ex- panse, male, seven-eighths inch. Types: two males. Corpus Christi, Texas.
Thecla Mirabelle, n. sp.—Compared to Autolycus, Edw., to which it is closely allied, and of which it may prove a variety, the apex of fore wings is more acute and the inner angle more retracted, and the discal mark is broader. The fulvous patch is not so sharply defined and more rounded. ‘The anal angle of the hind wings is much more acute and the outer margin not so rounded. There is almost no trace of the tooth
44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
marking the position of the upper tail. The fulvous patch extends inward towards the base of the wing instead of following the outer margin, and merges gradually into the ground colour of the wing, which is not so dark as in Autolycus, being more of a yellowish brown. Under side more of a light yellowish brown than fawn colour. The marginal row of crescents is wanting, and the discal macular row of spots is very indistinct. The black spots at anal angle faint. Fulvous lunules obsolete, except one in third space from anal angle and a few scales in the fourth space. Blue patch in third space, though faint. Types: one male from Utah and one female with California label, for the accuracy of which, however, I cannot vouch, as I received it froma dealer. Iam inclined to regard this as a desert form of Autolycus, but until its position can be settled by more material, it may be regarded as distinct.
Pyrgus Polingtt, n. sp,—Expanse, one inch. Upper surface brown- ish black. Fringes fuscous. | Marked with small while dots as follows : Three subapical, close together in a row from costa, the middle one minute, one in cell, three in a longitudinal row beiow cell, the middle one largest, separated about one-sixteenth of an inch from inner margin, one faint, one close to inner margin a little beyond middle. On secondaries is a mesial-curved row of three or four parallel to margin. Under surface disc of primaries blackish brown, costa and outer fourth considerably lighter, more of a yellowish brown, inner margin grayish. Inner two- thirds of secondaries dark brown, outer third yellowish brown. Spots on under surface as above, only larger, and an additional spot in cell on secondaries. Head, thorax and abdomen blackish brown above, fuscous beneath. Antenne blackish above, joints narrowly yellowish white, tip yellowish brown, beneath tip and base of club brownish, medium portion yellowish, shaft brown ringed with yellow. Types: four males, four females. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. July.
Pseudalypia Geronimo, n. sp.—Upper surface black with a slight brownish reflection which is more marked on secondaries. Fringes a shade lighter. Secondaries without markings. Two large quadrangular light yellow spots on primaries, forming a band across wing from costal edge at junction of middle and outer thirds to inner angle. To the inner side of the costal spot is a narrow band of bluish metallic scales. With a lens the brownish lustre to the wings is shown to be due to a sprinkling of bronze metallic scales over the black ground colour. In one specimen there are a few yellowish scalés in the region of the discal dot, and a few
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45
bluish scales along some of the veins. Probably in fresher specimens these would be more marked. Under surface lacks the bluish markings, otherwise as above. Head, thorax, and abdomen black above and below, showing, however, with lens some metallic effects. Legs black; but hairs on inner aspect, especially on posterior pair, orange. Palpi dark above, fuscous beneath. Tongue vellow. Antenne black, tending to fuscous at tip and on under side. Eyes show bright metallic, brassy shades. There is a tuft of bright orange hairs at base of primaries on under side. Expanse, one and one-half inches. Types: four males and one female. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. July and August.
Seirarctia Clio, var. Jessica, . var.—Differs from type form in having hind wings almost or entirely black. In the males the suffusion of the hind wings with black is complete, while in the females it is only partially so, there remaining small patches of the white, especially along outer margin and costa. The veins of fore wings are also much more heavily lined with black. There is a well-marked black edging to the inner, outer and costal margins of fore wings of the males as well as the outer margin of secondaries of both sexes. In one female the outer margin of primaries also has the black edging. The under surface of primaries in the males is almost entirely suffused with black, while the secondaries as on the upper surface are entirely so. In the females this suffusion is much less marked. I have only seen this variety from Glenwood Springs, Colorado. The typical Clio I have from Salida and Durango, Colorado, and Nogales, Arizona.
Oreyia Oslari, n. sp.—Male expanse, one and one-sixteenth inches. Fore wings light yellowish brown. The ground colour is, however, largely covered over with a darker brown shade. Basal line black, distinct. T.a. line curved evenly outward from costa to middle of wing, then inward to inner margin where it approaches close to t. p. line, black, distinct ; outer margin a little undulate, inner accompanied by a blackish shade, which quite fills the concavity of the curve at the costal end. ‘TT. p. line crenulate, black, distinct ; beginning at costa, it extends downward and outward in a straight line to the third nervule, opposite reniform spot, where, forming an obtuse angle, it proceeds in a gentle curve around the cell and then inward to inner margin. It is accom- panied by a blackish shade on the inner side of costal half. The limba! space is obscured in its outer or marginal half by a brownish shade, and has three small intervenular black dashes opposite cell. There is also a
46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
black blotch on costa, just above the angle of the t. p. line, and a white spot above inner angle. The costa of the limbal region is darker than
elsewhere. Reniform concolorous, surrounded by ring of blackish scales.
Orbicular obscured by the shade accompanying t. a. line. Hind wings
blackish brown, same as the darker shades of fore wings. Fringes con-
colorous. Under surface of both wings have a marginal band about one-eighth of an inch wide, of a light yellowish brown. The remainder of: wings to the base of a dark blackish brown.. Antenne and thorax light
brown. Abdomen a little darker. Types: one male. Poncha Springs,
Colorado. July sth.
Eulimacodes Telligti, n. sp.—Fore wings marked. by a conspicuous triangular silver patch. The base of this is about one-sixteenth of an inch above the inner margin and extends with a very slight downward tendency from the middle of the base of wing-to above the inner angle. The silver here gradually fades out, but the continuation of the line in a broad, easy curve to the apex is marked by some blackish scales. The upper edge of the patch ascends steeply, from the middle of base of wing to near costal margin at its inner fourth, thence rounding off the apex of the triangle it descends in a rather steep curve and joins the base line above the inner angle. The wing above the silver-mark, and its continu- ation, is of a rich golden brown, smooth and glistening, a little darker on disc and next to the silver patch. The rest of the wing below and to the outer side of the mark, together with the whole of the secondaries, is ofa dull brown, a couple of shades lighter than the fore wings. Fringes, thorax and abdomen concolorous with hind wings. Under surface of both wings of a uniform light brown of same shade as secondaries above. Type: one female. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. July 2oth.
Coloradia Doris, n. sp.—Male expanse, two and one-fourth inches. Compared to Pandora, the wings are much less heavily scaled, the hind wings being quite translucent. The markings of primaries are much fainter and there is much less of the white shading.. The t. a. line presents quite an even outward curve not approaching the discal spot. In Pandora this line is very prominently toothed and in some of the specimens one of the teeth extends to and is more or less completely fused with the spot. ‘T. p. line evenly dentate, closer to margin of wing than in Pandora. S. t. line very faintly indicated. Hind wings trans- lucent, almost no trace of the median and submarginal bands. Inner margin covered with long pinkish hairs as in Pandora. Fringes of both
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47
wings black. The white spots at ends of veins faint. Discal spots oblong instead of round ; not so prominent as in Pandora. — Under side very thinly scaled. Markings as above, only very faint.
Female expanse, two and five-eighths inches. Dull, smoky brown, dusted with white between t. p. and t. a. lines on primaries, otherwise very uniform over both wings. Lines as in male, but still fainter. Under side same colour, somewhat pinkish at bases of wings. ‘T. p. line very faintly indicated ; otherwise, except the discal spots, there are no markings. Types: two males, one female, in my collection from Salida and Glenwood Springs, Colorado.
Tolype Glenwoodii, n. sp.—That there are two species confused under the name of Distincta, French, I have been convinced for a long time. On showing them to Prof. French recently, when he was visiting me, he was very positive as regards their distinctness. Prof. Dyar, to whom I sent a pair of each for an opinion, regards them as mere varieties, on the grounds that he finds no constant marks of distinction between them. I have before me a series of eight pairs of Distincta and eight males and two females of Glenwoodii, and while constant differences in maculation of the two are rather hard to describe, yet there are points which seem to me to prove their distinctness beyond a doubt. Glenwoodii is a much broader-winged insect, by measurement the fore wings of the female being one-sixteenth of an inch broader than the females of Distincta. The thorax is apparently much larger. This is partially at least due to the greater development. of the hairy vestiture. In the two females before me the abdomen does not protrude beyond the wings, while in all the female Distinctas it does to the extent of from one- eight to one-fourth inch. The whole insect is heavier and more robust, shorter, broader winged, while Distincta is slighter and more trimly built, with rather long, narrow wings. In colour the Distinctas are all decidedly gray, in only two females does there seem to be a tendency to white on the thorax. The Glenwoodiis are all of a very light gray, almost pure white on the thorax. The hind wings are quite distinct in the two species. In the new one they present a well-marked, banded appearance, the bands being distinct and quite sharply defined. The marginal band is light and narrow. ‘lhe submarginal quite dark and broad. ‘The mesial band is of about the same width, and light. Within this the wing is dark, but lightens somewhat towards base. In Distincta these bands merge gradually into each other, there being much less
45 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
contrast in the two shades. The general effect is blurred and indistinct. On the fore wings, while there are no marked differences in the transverse lines, yet in Distincta they seem narrower, neater, and give a more trim, clear cut appearance to the wings. The two teeth in the middle of the marginal white line are much more distinct in the old species, they being scarcely discernible in some of the specimens of the new. The t. a. line in Distincta proceeds directly to costa, while in the new species it turns inward just below costa and joins it at an acute angle. In other respects the maculation is practically the same. The examples on which the above comparative description is based were taken at Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in August, September, and October. Types in my collection, and also in National Museum.
Gloverta Arizonensis, Pack. Male.—Females of this species are
quite common, coming freely to light. The male, however, has never been described, and so far as I know the two before me are the only ones ever taken. They differ so much from the females that I have made the following description of them: Expanse, two and three-fourths inches, thus being considerably smaller than the females, which average three and one-half inches. Maculation brighter and more distinct than in female ; the contrasting light and dark blackish gray shades bringing out the transverse lines in strong relief. Basal space light gray, central portion obscured by a dark shade. Median space mostly dark, only the costa and infra-cellular parts being somewhat lighter. T. p. line ac¢om- panied by an outer shade, slightly separated from it by a light gray band. The remainder of the subterminal space is the lightest portion of the wing and is thinly scaled and quite translucent. Terminal space even ‘dark gray, sharply defined by the prominent s. t. line and strongly contrasting with the subterminal space. Discal dot white, distinct. Hind wings ochraceous, costal and outer margins obscured by dusky shade. Veins of both wings dark gray. Fringe of hind wings fuscous, of fore wings concolorous. Head and abdomen ochraceous. ‘Thorax dark gray anteriorly, shading into ochraceous posteriorly. Antenne dark brown. Beneath; hind wings as above. Fore wings, cellular region and along costa to apex, as well as terminal area, dark ; the rest of the wing light semi-translucent. Types: two specimens from Glenwood Springs, Colorado ; taken in July and August.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PLATYMETOPIUS.
BY C. F. BAKER, ST. LOUIS, MO.
Platymetopius ornatus, 0. sp.
Length, ¢, 5.25 mm., of which the head occupies 1 mm.; width across base of elytra a little more than 1 mm. Vertex rather strongly obtusely angulate ; width between eyes three-fourths the length at middle, which is more than twice length at eyes; the disc is evenly slightly convex. Face, viewed from the side, straight. Pronotal width two anda half times the length ; the length little more than three-eights that of vertex. Pronotum about as broad as head, the anterior margin an even curve.
Colour pale yellowish ; below brighter and unicolorous, except for a few dark arcs on summit of front. Vertex with a double dark spot at tip and three abbreviated dark transverse bands crossing the median line at equal intervals back of it. Pronotum with two abbreviated transverse lines anteriorly, and several irregular dark markings laterally. Scutel with the transverse impressed line black and having each end connected with the base by a black band. Elytra smoky, back of the transverse veins with many small white spots, and three larger ones on the costa in the vicinity of the recurved costal nervures ; membrane clear smoky. Valve not exserted, plates small, broad at base, suddenly narrowed beyond middle into slender acute points.
Described from one male in the National Museum ; taken at Horace, Kansas, July 28, 1891.
Platymetopius Oregonensis, 0. sp.
Length, ¢,5 mm. Head rather short and distinctly narrower than pronotum. Vertex rather acutely angulate ; width between eyes two- thirds the length at middle, which is about twice the length at eyes ; disc broadly subsulcate medially. Face, viewed from side, nearly straight, very slightly concave above. Width of pronotum two and one-third times the length, the latter five-sevenths that of vertex ; the anterior margin of pronotum recurved behind eyes.
Colour ferruginous, paler below, where there are no dark markings except a few faint arcs on summit of front. Vertex with a small light dash at apex ; its disc, together with the pronotum and elytra, minutely irrorate. Elytra with a few small round white or hyaline spots scattered over the surface ; partially transparent along costa and around apex ; one or more of the inner apical veins dark. Valve very large and bluntly
a0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
triangular. Plates twice the length of valve, tapering to narrow points, the sides incurved at middle.
Described from two males, one collected at Ashland, Ore.,. the other at Portland, Ore., both during September, 1897, by Prof. A. P. Morse. Near acutus, but the vertex is shorter, the pronotum without light vittz, the elytra with fewer white spots, and colour beneath much lighter.
Platymetopius tenuifrons, n. sp. :
Length, 2, 5.5 mm. Head long, unusually narrowed beyond the eyes, and distinctly narrower than pronotum. Vertex strongly produced, suddenly narrowed beyond eyes, point blunt ; width between eyes about half length at middle ; disc broadly medially sulcate. .Face, viewed from side, strongly concave above. Pronotal width two and one-fourth times the length, the latter less than two-thirds that of the vertex. Anterior margin of pronotum recurved behind eyes.
Colour ferruginous, thickly and very finely irrorate throughout, including the face, which is darkened towards its summit. Point of vertex with a black dot on either side of tip. Scutel with a faint white longitudinal line on either side. Elytra with one or two stmnall round white spots in each of the cells back of apical ; the apical veins and about twelve recurved nervures darkened. Valve large, broadly rounded behind. Plates short, about as long as valve, and rapidly narrowed to acute points,
Described from one male in the Herbert H. Smith collection, taken at Chapada, Brazil,in May. Resembles fuscifrons in the deeply coloured face, but is much larger and with a far longer vertex, besides differing otherwise.
Platymetopius latus, n. sp.
Length, ?, 5 mm. Vertex very long, as long as twice the width between eyes, the median sulcus becoming very broad towards tip.
Colour clear pale ferruginous, below with the entire face paler. Sulcus on vertex darkened by fine longitudinal vermiculations. Pronotum, scutel and. most of elytra unicolorous, without markings of any. sort, except a few fine brown dots in internal apicai cells of elytra, and about eight small recurved brown dashes along costa. Legs entirely without mark- ings. T.ast ventral segment twice length of preceding, the hind margin rather narrowly, but evenly, rounded.
Described trom a single female collected by myself in the foothills near Fort Collins, Colorado. This species is nearest acutus, but has a much longer vertex, entirely lacks any markings on pronotum or disc of elytra, and has the elytra mare widely flaring at the sides than in that species. 4
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51
THE PURSLANE SAW-FLY--SCHIZOCERUS ZABRISKEI, Asuo., MS.* BY F. M. WEBSTER AND C. W. MALLY, WOOSTER, OHIO.
Just when this species first became abundant in Ohio we are unable to say, but it was not until June, 1898, that we began a study of its habits. The insect is quite generally distributed in Ohio, as we have observed it at Alliance, Wooster, Tiffin, Fremont, and Clyde, and _ per- haps over the eastern and western parts of the United States, as it is found at Washington, D. C., where Dr. Chittenden is making a careful study of it, and Mr. Mally observed it in abundance in the summer of 1899, at Des Moines, lowa.
We have been informed that the species has been described by Mr. Ashmead in a paper to be published “ shortly.” :
Here at Wooster, not a plant could be found that was not infested, including all plants in the greenhouse, by July 1, 1898. It is quite effective in checking the purslane, in many places the plants not develop- ing seed, due to the destruction of the leaves,
The eggs are deposited in the edge of the ieaves, deposition usually being completed in ten to fifteen seconds. In no case was a female observed to deposit on the flat surface of the leaf, or on the stem. As soon as hatched the larve begin to feed on the leaf, and ultimately mine out the greater part of the pulpy substance, but never eat through the surface until driven to do so from lack of food, when they emerge and make their way to a fresh leaf, immediately enter and continue their mining habit, apparently not feeding on the surface at all, except as they cut their way into the leaf. In numerous instances, where the obtainable leaves had all been exhausted, the larve bored downward in the stems of the plant. The larvz do not drop readily from the surface of the plant, and, when handled with forceps or needle, they exude a clear viscid sub- stance which holds them in place.
When fully developed, the larvee enter the ground to the depth of one-half to one inch and form a silken cocoon, to which bits of soil adhere quite firmly, and there transform. ‘The pupa stage lasts only about seven days, when the adults emerge, a few males in advance, soon after which the sexes pair and oviposit.
In nine cases out of ten distinct experiments in the insectary, in rearing the adults, the time of the larva entering the soil, and the
* Read before the Ohio Academy of Science, December 22, 1899.
5P THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
emergence of the adult, was within a few hours of seven days, and in the other case the time was a few hours over eight days. An observation by Mr. Mally on the actual time passed in the pupa shows that a larva descending into the ground at 5:00 ». m. had formed the cocoon by 5:00 p. m. the next day, and was stili in the larval state the second day. ‘The exact length of time required in the different stages has not been determined, but the entire cycle is complete in about three weeks, thus making probably six generations in a year. ; During the summer of 1899, commencing June 6, a series of breed- ing experiments was carried on, out of doors, with plants grown in breeding cages, upon which each generation was colonized. During May purslane plants were transplanted from the insecfary to the garden, with a view of thus attracting the earliest appearing adults. On June 5 larvee were noticed in abundance, not only in these trap plants, but also in larger plants growing promiscuously in favored spots, one very small individual being observed in an adjoining garden ona very young plant, these larve clearly representing the earliest generation of the sea- son. ‘The trap plants were covered immediately with a breeding cage, and on June 15 a number of adults, all females, were observed in the cage. Nine of these females were transferred to cage No. 2, upon plants that had been brought from the insectary, and in which no larve were working. Two males and two additional females were captured inthe field, and also placed in this cage, which then contained in all eleven females and two males. Qne of these females was observed to oviposit in the leaves. On June 22 the very young larve were first observed beginning to feed in the leaves. July 5 the first adult, a female, was observed, evidently having just emerged. It is an interesting fact that though this female was just drying her wings, several males were observed hovering about the cage in vain effort to effect an entrance. July 7 three females and ten males from the cage were placed in cage No. 3, provided with plants obtained from the same source as the preced- ing. July 14 quite a number of larvz were observed in this cage work- ing in the leaves. July 28 adults were observed. On the zgth three females and six males were placed in cage No. 4. August 16 two males were observed in this cage. As these males marked the generation, three females and one male were taken from cage No. 3 and placed in cage No. 5. On September 5 one female was observed in this cage, and determines the fifth generation, but up to September 15 it had been im-
» )
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Oe
possible to secure males outside, as not an individual of either sex could be found. But on September 18 a number of larvie, varying in size from very small ones to those fairly well developed, were observed in plants in the near vicinity. These plants were transferred to a breeding cage. The larvee disappeared, and, as they could not escape from the cage, they must have either entered the ground or perished from lack of food,
Fic. 3:
as might have been the case with the younger, on account of severe frost and freeze September 26, which killed the plants.
~ On September 30, 1898, quite an extensive search was made for -adult sawflies, but none could be found. Found numerous larve, vary- ing from real young to full-grown individuals. Numerous adult parasites
were found also. The frost killed the plants about this time, thus clos-
ing the breeding season.
54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
In the light of these two records it may be said that the exact num- ber of broods for any given year may depend on the date of occurrence of the earliest killing frosts.
The sudden and almost total disappearance of this species during the latter part of August and first of September was undoubtedly mainly due to the immense numbers of a parasitic species, which Mr. Ashmead has determined as belonging to the genus /chneutes, and probably new to science. of ae
An interesting observation was made in connection with a large breeding cage out of doors, for the purpose of breeding parasites. ‘The adult sawflies began emerging in great numbers, and, to our surprise, were found almost swarming on the outside of the cage. Our first im- pression was that the cage was imperfect at some point, and that they were making their escape, but such was not the case. On examination we found that the specimens on the outside were all males, evidently attracted by the females in the cage. There were no purslane plants to amount to anything within two or three rods of the cage, but at a distance of five or six rods, in two directions, were garden patches well stocked with purslane and larve, furnishing an abundance of sawflies.
During the summer of 1898 a female, with-a male antenna, was found in one of the breeding cages. A notice on this, written by Mr. Mally, appears in the seventh annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science, pp. 34 and 35, illustrated by the accompanying figure (Fig. 1). The oviposition is shown in Fig. 2, place of eggs in leaf ; and Fig. 3, egg in position.
A POPULAR NAME FOR CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA.
Str,—I am much interested in Mr. Slingerland’s note on the new
popular name for C/rstocampa disstria in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for January. I once wrote an editorial for “‘ Insect Life” on popular names (Vol. VII., pp. 363, 364), in which I gave utterance to a certain distaste for ‘‘ book names” and to a preference for the popular name which grows up among the people. Such names are rarely specifically distinctive, but they are usually catchy, frequently phonetic, and more or less descriptive.
[ am not sure that we have any legitimate popular name for the
forest tent caterpillar, he one just mentioned is obviously a book name
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20
derived from the popular name of its nearest relative, the orchard tent caterpillar, but it is misleading, as Mr. Slingerland points out, since the larva of Clistocampa disstria does not make a tent. It is interesting to know that the sympathetic and altogether united organization known as the ‘‘Jugate ” has not falsified its name in this instance, but has joined with Mr. Slingerland in concluding that the “forest tent/ess caterpillar ”
would be an appropriate name for this species.
Since Mr. Slingerland invites suggestions, it occurs to the writer that there are so many hundreds of other forest caterpillars which are tentless that the name lacks the specific quality which is desirable. In answer to his question, “ Has anyone a better name to suggest?” I might propose “the tin-horn caterpillar,” or ‘the brass-band caterpillar,” referring to the startling discoveries which were made in south-western New York last summer, and which, the writer is informed, Mr. Slingerland intends to investigate next season. Alternatively, the name ‘‘ the railroad-train obstructor,” or “the slippery-when-smashed caterpillar,” might be sug- gested, since this is the species which is at the bottom of all the newspaper stories of railway trains being stopped by caterpillars. Or, since the damage of the last few years is said to have seriously reduced the crop of maple sugar, the insect might be called “the maple-sugar
adulteration-promoter.”
Seriously, however, why would not ‘forest army worm,” or “ the army worm of the forest,” be quite the most appropriate and distinctive
name which could be suggested ? L. O. Howarp, Washington, D. C.
Mr. C. W. MAL.ty, M. Sc., assistant to Professor F. M. Webster in the Entomological Department of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, has been appointed Assistant Government Entomologist of Cape Colony, South Africa, and has left for his distant sphere of labour. Mr. Chas. P, Lounsbury, who also went from the United States a few years
ago, is in charge of the Entomological Department at Cape Town.
a6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
‘THE DESTRUCTIVE GREEN-PEA LOUSE. BY WILLIS G. JOHNSON, COLLEGE PARK, MD.
Perhaps never in the history of economic entomology has’ an unde- scribed species of insect appeared so suddenly and over such a wide area, and in such destructive numbers, as the “destructive green-pea louse,” the popular name I have given the insect herein described. It has occurred, during the past season, in Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York (Long Island), Connecti- cut, Vermont, Maine, Ohio, and Canada (Ottawa).
Fic. 4.—Nectarophora destructor, winged form, A typical representation. (Original.)
It belongs to the family Aphididz, and the familiar and extensively- used genus Siphonophora. Unfortunately, however, Koch overlooked the fact that Siphonophora, as a generic term, was already appropriated for the Myriapoda before he made use of it in his Aphidide ; it is also used to denote an order of the oceanic Hydrozoa. In accordance with modern practice, therefore, it is fitting that we should drop the name Siphonophora and recognize some other. In his synopsis of the Aphididz of Minnesota, O. W. Oestlund proposes the name Nectarophora to take the place of Siphonophora. I see no reason why it should not stand, and place the species described below under that generic name.
bated i
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Fic. 5.—Nectarophora destructor, apterois form. (Original.)
Fic. 6.—Nectarophora destructor and its principal enemy, Adlograpta obligua ;
My
a, pupa on leaf; 4,
adult; c, larva; d, larva feeding; ¢, Bassus letorins (female). Hair lines represent
natural size. (Original )
a8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Nectarophora destructor, vu. sp.—The general colour of both winged and wingless individuals is green ; conforming so closely to that of the pea plant itself, we might, perhaps, better call it pea-green. The colour, however, varies slightly with the age of the insects ; the young when first born are lighter, still bordering the greenish shade of the adult; old or spent females are lighter, some having a greenish-yellow tinge. In many
instances individuals in a colony will be seen of a yellowish or creamy
tinge. Such individuals are usually affected with a fungous disease. ‘The variation in colour may, therefore, in many instances be attributed to some abnormal condition.
The general form of the body in both winged and. wingless specimens is elongate and fusiform, the latter being slightly the larger, The average length of the body in both forms is about 4.50 mm. Eyes are red and prominent ; colour showing conspicuously in specimens mounted in Canada balsam. Antennz lighter than body; tubercle prominent; joints darker than rest of segment; seventh joint quite filiform and fuscous. Legs long and conspicuous; tarsi, distal ends of tibia and femora fuscous. Honey-tubes fuscous at ‘tips, otherwise concolorous with body.
Winged Female.—Colour pea-green. Fore wing about 5 mm. from tip to base and about 2 mm. wide at broadest part ; entire wing expanse about 11 mm. Length of body, including style, generally 4 to 5 mm.; some cases where the female is distended with young the length is 6 mm. Width of body varies from 1 to 1.50 mm., depending on condition of specimen. Antenne long and slender, reaching to or slightly beyond the tip of the style; first and second joints short and closely joined to tubercle ; other joints vary slightly ; the following measurements represent the general average of a long series : III. 1.50 mm., IV. 1.00 mm., V. 0.75 mm., VI. 0.50 mm., VII. 1.50 mm. Wings transparent, veins slender, typically represented in Fig. 4. Honey-tubes long, slender and cylindrical, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen,.in some cases to the tip of the style ; they are usually about one-fifth the length of the body, varying from 1.00 mm. to 1.50 mm, Style conspicuous, about half the length of honey-tubes.
Apterous Female.—As a rule, slightly larger than the winged female. Colour pea-green. Body slightly more elongate and fusiform than winged specimens ; length varying from 4 to 6 mm.; width varying from 1to 2 mm. Antenne reaching beyond the tip of the style ; length of
_—
y
on
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
joints varying considerably. Honey-tubes same general shape as in winged specimen, but longer, extending beyond the tip of the style ; length varying from 1.25 mm. to 2mm. Style longer and more nearly conical than in winged individuals. Typical form of apterous female is shown in Fig. s.
Described from many living and dead viviparous females of both forms from Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut, Ohio, and Ottawa, Can- ada. Found on green field pea, sweet peas, and kept for a time on clover. ‘Types in formalin and alcohol deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Geueral Notes.—I have given this insect much study during the past season, and still have a colony under observation (Jan. 29, rgoo) in my laboratory. There is no cessation of the reproduction of young. As yet we have not been able to obtain eggs of the species, although several hundred mature apterous females were collected just before our coldest weather late in December and placed in tubes. We also made field observations late in December, and while we had no difficulty in finding the insects close to the ground on the under side of the leaves of volun- teer peas, we are still in doubt as to how it passes the winter. I am of the opinion that, under favorable conditions, the female will continue to reproduce young throughout the winter. That the species will survive severe freezing and reproduce later was conclusively tested in our labora- tory. A colony upon a bunch of peas in water were frozen late in December so that there was ice half an inch thick in the cup. A week later, when heat was again turned on the building, the insects became active and commenced reproduction a few days later.
Thomas reports a similar case. He observed the wheat-plant louse (Nectarophora avene) breeding in mid-winter, and took specimens from wheat while the snow was on the ground.
There is aiso a probability that the late apterous females deposit eggs. Mr. W. H. Ashmead tells me he has frequently seen the eggs of an allied species, which is abundant on tulip trees about Washington. The eggs are usually deposited about the base of the leaf buds.
In my breeding experiments and field observations, I have been struck with the seeming absence of hymenopterous parasites upon this insect. Such a condition is quite uncommon where there is such an abundance of plant lice, for, as a rule, they abound. I have bred but a single hymenopterous parasite, Bassus /etorius (? ), Fab., shown in Fig.
60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
6 at ¢, and this is supposed to be parasitic upon the Syrphus larve. In Canada, Dr. James Fletcher informs me he has bred Praon cerasaphis and Aphidius Fletcheri, a new species recently described by Ashmead ; while in Delaware, Professor E. Dwight Sanderson has bred another species of the genus Aphidins, namely, 4A. Washingtonensis, from the destructive green-pea louse.
In my field observations I have found the predaceous insects very important factors in the destruction of this plantlouse. I have observed four groups of insects at work upon them: First, and most important, the Syrphus flies; second, lady beetles; third, lace-winged flies ; and fourth, soldier beetles. ¥.
Of the Syrphus flies, we bred Allograpta obligua, Say; Syrphus Americanus, Weid., and Spherophoria cylindrica, Say. The first named was by far the most abundant and important species. On a farm where 600 acres were planted in peas, and where the plant louse totally destroyed 48o acres, the larvee of A. ob/igua so completely destroyed the plant lice by the second week in June* that hardly a specimen could be found. In the language of the proprietor, who owns a large cannery, he says: “ The last few days I packed, the separator sieved out about 25 bushels of green worms, which no doubt proves they destroyed the plant - lice.” These ‘‘ green worms” were the larve of 4. ob//qua, illustrated in Fig. 6. The other two species were not so abundant.
Of the lady beetles the most important were Coccinella Q-notata, Hippodamia convergens, Megilla maculata and Coccinella sanguined.
The larve of Chrysopa oculata, Say, were also abundant upon the infested vines. I observed the soldier beetle, Podabrus rugulosus, Lec., feeding voraciously upon the plant lice.
From what I have seen of the ravages produced by the destructive green-pea louse, and our inability to combat it on a large scale, I consider it one of the most important pests on the already long list of noxious insects. Whether it will appear again next year over the same general territory on the field pea remains to be seen ; but I am of the opinion it will not be as destructive as the season just past. ‘he superabundance of Syrphus flies and lady beetles over certain areas will certainly have a balancing effect in nature.
Mailed February 9th, 1900,
PLATE 2.
CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXII.
Kig. 2.
Fig.
Fig. 3.
| Che €anadiay Entomologist.
VoL. XXXII. LONDON, MARCH, 1900. No. 3 CONTENTS:
Moffat—Hydreecia stramentosa............. 61 | McNeill—Orchelimum ....................- 77 Tinsley —Contributions to Coccidology...... 64 | Dyar—North American Yponomeutida ..... { Caudell—A new species of Sinea............ 67 Fyles—Observations on Bombyx cunea, etc.. 87 Grote—Popular name for C, disstria........ 68 | Butler—Note on Cyaniris pseudargiolus..... gI Needham—Nymphs of northern Odonata . . 69 | Cockerell -New oak-gallfrom New Mexico. 91 Martin—A study of Hydrometra lineata..... 70 Dodge—Pyrameis Huntera, n. var. Fulvia...
HYDREECIA STRAMENTOSA, GUEN.
Plate 2, Fig. 5, nearly twice natural size.—I here copy in full -the description of the species, as given by Dr. J. B. Smith in his. recent revision of the genus Hydreecia, in the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. 26, May, 1899. Also his remarks on and about this interesting species.
“ Hydracia Stramentosa, Gn.—1852—Gn., Spec. Gen. Noct. 1, 129, pl. 6, F. 2. Mydrecia.
“Ground colour a rather dull luteous, with a dash of olivaceous. Collar with a narrow brown line above the middle, the tip distinctly smoky, as are also the tips of the thoracic tuftings. Edges of the patagiz marked with smoky brown, which is particularly well marked at tip. Sometimes the entire thorax is darker, and in such cases the con- trasts between the ground colour and the markings just described are not great. The abdominal tuftings at the base are also dark. The primaries have a reddish shade over the costal region extending to the tip. “The outer portion of the median space is distinctly darker, olivaceous, ‘and stands out quite evidently from the rest of the wing. The basal line is geminate, fairly well marked on the costa, then broken and only marked as a spot below that point. ‘T. a. line geminate, the inner line scarcely. traceable below the cell : as a whole it is nearly upright, but is inwardly curved through the cell and has a very feebie outcurve below that point: T. p. line very even, rather abruptly bent on the costa, a little outcurved over the reniform, and then evenly oblique inwardly to the inner margins. S. t. line irregular, brownish or smoky, marked by a preceding shade in
o> bo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the costal region, and beyond that by dusky scales arranged quite regu-
larly. There is an even line at the base of the fringes, which are dusky
at tip and have a reddish shade toward the base. ‘The median shade
line is well marked on the costa and is blackish to the median vein ;
below that point it is olive-green and hardly darker than the shading of the outer part of the median space. In the costal region, between the
outer part of the basal line and inner portion of the t. a. line, there is a ° blackish shading, and a similar, though much less marked, shading
extends from the inception of the t. a. to the median shade line. The
ordinary spots are well marked; the claviform is slightly soiled, oliva-
ceous in colour. Orbicular almost upright, irregularly oval, of the
ground colour or a little paler, outlined in olivaceous. Reniform up-
right, oblong, the angles pointed, hardiy constricted in the centre. It is
of the ground colour, or may have a slightly reddish tinge. Secondaries
pale yellowish, without obvious markings. Beneath yellowish, both
wings with a smoky outer line, which, in the specimens before me, does
not extend across the wing. Expanse 4,68-1.72 1n.; 42-43 mm.
‘« Hab.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, September 1oth, October ist, foothills near Denver. ‘ Middle and Central States, New York, Illinois.’
“Three specimens have been under examination, and I have seen others. None of them,however, are from the East. There is a question, perhaps, whether this species is correctly identified. The examples be- fore me agree with Guente’s figure and description, and I cannot remem- ber having seen any species from the east which might be fitted to them. While I saw the type in the British Museum some years ago, my recollec- tion does not serve sufficiently well to enable me to say whether or not this is really his species. I believe it to be so, and that probably in his original description, the locality, ‘ New York,’ was an error. The other localities given in my Catalogue followed Mr. Grote’s notes. I have never seen any specimens of Stramentosa identified by Mr. Grote. The specimens before me are all very much alike, and they are evidently related to Immanis.”
The disclosure that A. Stramentosa, Gn., has been taken regularly at Montreal for years past by collectors connected with the Branch of the Ent. Soc. of Ont. there, is in great measure a re-discovery of the species in the East, apparently none knowing of its existence there except themselves, It appears in the early printed lists of our Society as an
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63
Apamea, and I, being desirous of obtaining an example for the Society’s collection, enquired of correspondents who I thought were likely to know, but none of them had ever seen it, or could give any information about it. There is an insect in the D’Urban collection which was made in Quebec, labeled Hydraecia Stramentosa, in Walker's handwriting. but it does not even belong to that genus. And when I read Dr. Smith’s remarks, quoted above, I concluded that it had got into our list by mistake, and that it was not to be looked for in Canada. But one is always liable to find cause to change their conclusions.
Having received some material from Montreal for names, there was amongst it a fresh, bright orange-yellow specimen of Aydracia with purple bands, which so closely resembled the purfurifascia in our drawers, that, without giving it critical examination, I placed that name opposite its number. When the specimens were returned, Mr. Brainerd objected to that name; not that he claimed to be able to distinguish the species, but he thought there was not enough of the food-plant of purpurifascia about Montreal to feed a tithe of the moths that could be taken there, remarking that they had been calling it ¢:/a, and suspected that I must be wrong. Being so different in colour from all the rvfz/as I had seen, I hesitated to accept it as such ; so obtaining another specimen, I referred it to Dr. Smith, who pronounced it to be ‘‘a very typical specimen of that species.” When I informed Mr. Brainerd of the decision being in his favour, I requested from him another specimen if he could spare it, which he kindly sent, and said, “ With it I put one of what we call Stramentosa, which is the only other common species here except WVictitans,” which proved to be the true HZ. Stramentosa, Guenee, and thus, by a fortunate error on my part, has its presence there been disclosed to the rest of the Entomological world.
When I informed Dr. Smith of the discovery, he replied : ‘* 1 am de- lighted to hear of its occurrence there, and it may be now that it will turn up in the northern or mountainous districts of New York or New Eng- land. I must say I hesitated long before I dared to identify Guenée’s description as [ did, with no sort of proof that the species occurred this side of the Rockies.”
Mr. Brainerd intends to make a vigorous effort to discover its food plant next season, and so obtain the larva for description.
J. Atston Morrat, Curator Ent. Soc. of Ont.
64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE.
The photos forthe plate were taken by Mr. Dwight Brainerd, Nee real,
Figs. 1 and 2 are a natural pair of H. rutila.
Fig. 3 is a pupa of HW. nité/a.
Fig. 4 is a gall of same, showing the opening made by the larva.
Fig. 5, AZ. Stramentosa.
All enlarged.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO COCCIDOLOGY.—II.
BY J. D. TINSLEY, A. AND M. COLLEGE, MESILLA- PARK, N. M.
During the past summer I have had the opportunity, through the kindness of Dr. Howard, of working over the unnamed material of the genera Dactylopius, Ripersia, and Phenacoccus, belonging to the col- lection of the Division of Entomology, U. S., D. A. I wish to record here the identity of D. vastator, Mask., with D. filamentosus, Ckll., and two species which I believe to be new. +I hope in a subsequent paper to give further notes on some of the other species found, and also to record the new host plants found for a number of species.
Dactylopius filamentosus,Ckll., syn. Dactylopius vastator, Maskell.— I have before me a considerable quantity of material, specimens as fol- lows: ‘Type material of D. fiZamentosus, Ckll.; material from Island of Mauritius on Citrus sent by De Charmoy ; and the following from U. S. D. A., Div. Ent.: 7232 on Hibiscus, Richmond, Natal; 7706 on Orange, Cape Town, Africa (Coll., Lounsbury); 5820 on Tamarind and Citrus, Honolulu, Sandwich Is. (Coll. Koebele). After carefully examining and comparing individuals from each lot of material, I can-find no character- istic differences, and must therefore conclude that they are all one species. Since Cockerell described //amentosus in 1893 (The Entomologist, Vol. XXVI, p. 268, Sept., 1893), and Maskell described vastator in Trans. N. Z. Inst., t894, p. 65, D. vastator, Mask., will’ have to stand as a synonym of D. filamentosus, Ckll.
The No. 5820 material is of considerable interest, it being topo-type, and is that referred to by Maskell, Zoc. cit. The most prominent characters of this species are: the habit of aggregating into masses ; the abundant white or yellowish secretions ; and when boiled in Fotee staining the liquid a dark purple to blue-green and themselves turning blue-green ; they_are very hard to clear;-the antennz are of 7 segments:
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65
segment 1, 37-45 » long ; segment 2, 37-39 » long; segment 3, 28-40 p» long; segment 4, 28-34 » long; segment 5, 22-31 » long; segment 6, 22-34 » long; segment 7, 73-84 » long; legs, femur about 140 yp long ; tibia, about 100 » long ; tarsus, about 70 » long ; derm bearing peculiar spear-shaped spines. This species does not resemble D. Zozwnsendt, Ckll., as supposed by Maskell. It resembles a/bizz/e, Mask., and hymenoclee, Cklil., in producing the blue-green pigment in potash, but is distinct from them in the secretion and anatomical characters. Dactylopius Texensis, n. sp.
Specimens have been in alcohol since Dec., 1895. Adult 9; length about 3 mm.; nearly as wide as long ; shape rather sub-globular ; colour light brown. I know nothing at present of the secretion. Epidermis bearing scattered, medium-sized hairs and numerous small glands ; margins of body with areas of glands and stout conical spines. Antenne of eight segments : segment 1 rather large, 53-59 p» long ; segment 2 rather wide, tapering slightly toward the proximal end, length 48-51 p ; segment 3 about three-fourths the width of 2, cylindrical, 52-62 » long (the length of this segment may be either less than, equal to or greater than that of 1, they are often nearly sub-equal); segment 4 quite short, 20-28 » long; segment 5, 28-37 » long; segment 6, 25-31 } long; segment 7, 31-39 » long; segment 8 usually about $84 » long. Among observed formule are: 8312 (57) (46), 83127564, 81327 (56) 4. The segments bear one or more whorls of medium-sized hairs.
Legs rather short and stout ; femur about 182 » long by 82 p wide, bearing numerous medium-sized hairs ; tibia, 132 » long by 35 » wide, bearing several rows of small hairs ; tarsus 65 p long ; tarsal digitules long, slender, knobbed hairs; claw stout, 31 » long ; digitules of claw long, slender, knobbed. Mentum elongate. Anal lobes not conspicuous, bearing the usual long spine, and areas of cones, hairs and spinnerets. Since the specimens are alcoholic, we know nothing of the ovisac. Eggs unknown. Male unknown.
Hab.—On Acacia Farnestana,Willd.; San Diego, Texas, Dec., 1895. U.S. D.-A., Div. Ent., No. 6961.
Remarks.—This species resembles D. Ryani in antennal formula, but differs in having the antennz smaller and the legs shorter and stouter. Resembles D. dasy/irii in the general form of the antennz, but differs in having segments 3 and 1 of antenne usually longer than 2, and differs very much in the shape of the body.
66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Dactylopius Farnesiane, Targ., found on Acacia Farnesiana at Vicenza, Italy, seems to be quite a different insect. - I also have before me a Dactylopius, in alcohol, on sugar cane from Mauritius, U.S. D. A., Div. Ent., No. 6596, sent the Dept. by Miss Ormerod ; these specimens I take to be the ones mentioned by Maskell in Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1896, p. 321; see also Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 430. This Dactylopius differs in no material points from the Zexensis. he general appearance of the alcoholic specimens is the same, the measurements of the segments of the antennze come within the limits given for Zexens/s ; the femur is same length as in the above ; tibia is a little longer, one being 160 p; tarsus is alsc a little longer, go »; claw is more slender. I do not consider these differences sufficient for separating them, but it may be that when com- plete specimens of each are obtained there may be differences in colour, ovisac, etc., which may separate them. It seems strange that a species should be found in such widely-separated localities, and especially upon such different host plants.
Ripersia serrata, 0D. sp. si
Adult ¢@. Length, including fringe, about 2 mm.; width nearly 2mm. Shape broadly elliptical. Colour of dried specimens blackish. There are three rows of beaded secretion on the dorsum : two lateral and a median, with the dark body showing up more or less between them, the median is most prominent. On the margin of the body is a fringe of projections ; these consist of pairs of rods which become somewhat shortened and dentate toward the anterior extremity, while those of the posterior extremity of the body are longer and more distinctly rodlike ; their length is usually less than half the width of the body. The general appearance of this insect, with its secretion, suggests that of Dactylopius pseudonipe, and species of Orthezia.,
Margin of epidermis bearing areas of several stout conical spines and numerous glands ; numerous small glands scattered over the epidermis, and also a few scattered hairs.
Antenne rather slender, of six segments, the reiative lengths rather variable ; first segment 20-25 » long, second 22-28 p, third 28-34 p, fourth 17-20 p, fifth 20-25 p, sixth 48-56 ». Some observed formule are: 632514, 632154, 63(125)4, 63({25)14, 63(12)54. The segments bear whorls of medium-sized hairs.
Legs rather slender for a Ripersca; femur 85-100 » long by 35 p wide ; tibia about 70 » long; tarsus about 4- »: long ; claw rather stout ;
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67
tarsal digitules rather stout, knobbed ; digitules of claw longer than the claw and knobbed. Hairs on legs rather small and scanty.
Anal lobes rather prominent, bearing a large seta 75 » long, anda number of quite stout conical spines and spinnerets. Anal ring normal. Female ovisac unknown.
Eggs and larve unknown. Male unknown; male sac white, elongate, about 2 mm. long and 75 mm. wide.
Habitat.—On a creeping vine. Collected by H. Caracciolo, Port of Spain, Trinidad, W. I.; Jan. 27, 1894.
Rem.—This is No. 6160 of the U.S. D. A. collection. The most marked characteristic of this species is the peculiar arrangement of the secretion described above. It seems to resemble &. fi/icicola, Newst.
A NEW SPECIES OF SINEA. BY A. N. CAUDELL, DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Sinea complexa, n. sp.—Length, ¢, 8 to 9.5 mm., 9, 9.5 to 11 m.m; width, g, 3 mm., ?, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. General colour ranging from a very dark brown to pale cinnamon. Head armed with three pairs of anteocular spines, the posterior pair the longest, with smaller ones interspersed. Behind the eyes, with several sharp spines, one near each ocellus being almost as long as those of the posterior anteocular pair. Neck spinose. Antennze somewhat pallid, with a slight rufous cast at the distal ends of the segments.
The anterior femora are much swollen and armed with the usual long, sharp, dorsal spine, and with ten spines beneath arranged in two longitudinal rows. The last two spines of the inner row are much larger and longer than the others, and the terminal one is out of alignment, so that it is rather on the dorso-lateral surface. (Sanguisuga and some other species also show this arrangement of spines on the anterior femora, but in these cases there is no striking enlargement of the spines, and hence it is not so noticeable. The nymphs of déadema, and probably other species as well, have dorso-lateral spines on the anterior femora.) This spine is almost as long as the dorsal one and, when the femora is viewed from the front, is quite prominent. In this view the second spine also is somewhat prominent. ‘The anterior tibiz have the usual double row of three strong spines below. ‘They are pale towards the tip, with the apex black. The dorsal and two enlarged ventral spines of the «anterior
at
68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
femora also have the tips black. The hind and middle legs are without distinguishing characters.
Thorax with distinct, sharp spines on both lobes, those of the anterior lobe the longest. Breast spined, usually with blunt spines. Disk of the posterior thoracic lobe convex, hardly impressed longitudi- nally. Lateral angles quite acute, moderately prominent. Scutellum black, triangular, with raised centre and slightly turned up at the tip. Abdomen of both sexes wider than the hemelytra, considerably so in the females, where the margins are somewhat elevated and the sides rounded. Quite uniformly coloured, sometimes paler on the posterior borders of the segments near the lateral margins. ;
Described from specimens in the National Museum, from Los Angeles, California ; collected by Mr. Coquillett. They were given the “manuscript name complexa by Prof. Uhler. ‘This name, with the kind consent of the author, I gladly adopt. Type No. 4433, U.S. Nat. Mus.
This species belongs to the sanguisuga group, characterized by a short, broad form, as opposed to the longer forms represented by diadema, undulata and coronata. It is quite a well-marked species, the distinctly spined posterior thoracic lobe, together with the peculiar arma- ture of the anterior femora, readily separating it from its allies,
A NEW POPULAR NAME FOR CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA;
In the January number, Prof. Slingerland proposes a new common name for the “forest tent-caterpillar,” and proposes “ forest teutless-cater- pillar.” The objection would be, that ‘“tent-caterpillar” is an English equivalent for C/éstocampa, and need not be altered whether the particu- lar species makes a tent or not. What is needed in names is fixity, not relevancy. Another objection is, that fev¢/ess is not the antithesis to fent, but to texted. There is, on a previous page of the same number, a pro- test against changes in Latin terms in entomology, and also systems of classification. Whatever force lies in this protest is doubled when Eng- lish names, which have no classificatory significance, are to be considered. I should therefore be in favour of retaining the names, ‘apple tent-cater- pillar” and “ forest tent-caterpillar,” for the two species of C/zszocampa, now known under these common titles. If inapplicability were a valid reason for changing naines in entomology, we should be quite lost. And the new name, “ forest tentless-caterpillar,” besides implying that the in- sect is not a C/istocampa, ceases to be distinctive, for there are other caterpillars of the forest which are unprovided with tents.
A, Rapcuirre Grote, Hildesheim, Germany.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 6%)
NYMPHS OF NORTHERN ODONATA, STILL UNKNOWN. BY JAMES G, NEEDHAM, LAKE FOREST, ILL.
This is a word in season to collectors of aquatic insects, who may be afield during the months of spring and early summer.
Among the nymphs of Odonata occurring in the North-eastern States and Canada, there remain a number of good discoveries to be made. In any locality where these nymphs are common their discovery will not be a difficult matter. Nymphs of the following half-dozen species are pre- eminently desirable :
1. Zachopteryx Thoreyi, Sel. Atlantic States. No nymphs of its sub- family known.
2. Gompheschna furcillata, Say. Eastern States.
. NMannothemis bella, Uli. Atlantic Seaboard. No nymphs of these
3 4. Leurocordulia obsoleta, Say. Eastern States. | genera known.
. ? Meurocordulia Uhleri, Sel. Me. Mass., N. J. . Somatochlora Lintneri, Hag. N. Y., Saskatchewan.
ON WN
The last-named genus, which is peculiarly a northern one in our fauna, is large and polymorphic. Even the imagoes are very insufficiently known. and few nymphs of fewer species have been taken, though they must be very common in proper localities. Canadian collectors have every advantage in the study of this genus.
While a large number of nymphs of Odonata have been collected and reared of late, descriptions of them have not, unfortunately, as yet got into print.. The species above mentioned are among the most desirable of those which have not, I believe, as yet been found. I have had no difficulty in rearing all the genera and almost all the species occurring in the localities in which I have lived during the last five years: but these six have not come my way. I should be glad to help any one who wishes to undertake to find and rear these nymphs, by sending a printed account of the methods I have used successfully, and
by the determination of dragon-fly material in all stages of development.
70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A STUDY OF HYDROMETRA LINEATA. BY J. O. MARTIN, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y.
Among the reeds and rushes that border quiet streams and ponds lives Hydrometra lineata, one of the least known of our North American Hemiptera. This insect is comparatively rare in collections, but common enough in nature, though owing to its small size and inconspicuous appearance it escapes all but the sharpest-eyed collectors. Its elongate body is borne on hairlike legs and resembles a bit of twig or grass more than a living insect. After the eye becomes accustomed to the odd shape, they are most easily distinguished, especially when they move about over the surface of the water. During the past summer I took over five hundred specimens of this insect without any special effort, finding them common through New York State, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
The appearance of this insect is unique aud exceedingly grotesque, for the head, thorax and abdomen are so elongate and the legs so thin that it produces the effect of a minute’ Indian club stalking about on the water. Closer examination reveals a pair of solemn, protruding eyes situated at about the middle and on either side of the handle of this Indian club, while from the end a pair of threadlike antennz are waved about in a mysteriously cautious manner. Underneath the head is the murderous beak, the common possession of all hemipterous insects. In very rare cases individuals may be found witha pair of wings closely folded upon the back and covered with leathery hemelytra, which are only to be detected by the use of a lens. .
The economy of this elongate form becomes at once apparent on studying the habits of Hydrometra. In the first place, it reduces the insect’s weight to the minimum and lessens the liability of breaking through the treacherous surface film upon which the life of this aquatic pedestrian is passed. In the second place, the long, cylindrical body is so like a bit of twig in appearance that Hydrometra is protected from his enemies and concealed from his prey, which do not in the least suspect in this apparent straw the presence of a deadly foe.
The genus Hydrometra was first established by Latreille in his ‘Precis des Characteres Generiques des Insects” (1797) p. 86. I have not had access to this book, but in his ‘* Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et Insects,” T. xi., pp. 267-269 (1804), Latreille says: ‘‘I have taken the characters of the insect pointed out by Geoffery, Cimex stagnorum
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ve!
(Linn.). . . . . . My genus Hydrometra is easily distinguishable from Gerris in the following characters: Head drawn out into a long, cylindrical snout, recurvant and in a longitudinal groove the beak. These insects have the body very narrow, slender and linear, the head very long and slender, carrying at the extremity of the elongate snout two setaceous four-jointed antenne. The eyes are large and globular and are situated near the middle of the snout; Linnaeus mistook them for tubercules. The thorax is long and cylindrical, the tegmina are very short and narrow and lie on the back, not occupying more than the interval between the second and third pairs of legs. The abdomen is very long and slightly larger than the anterior portion of the body ; it is cylindrical and has two longitudinal keels, one on each side of the border. The legs are very thin and long, the middle pair being nearer the anterior pair than to the posterior. Hydrometra loves aquatic places, and runs with some agility on the surface of the water, but not very rapidly. It is this habit that gives them their name Hydrometra (water measurer).” When Latreille first established this genus it con- tained but two species, one from Europe, H. stagnorum, and another from the West Indies, the first serving as the type.
Cimex stagnorum (Linn.), Latreille’s type, was placed by Linnaeus, who described it, in his heterogeneous genus Cimex, which included many widely different Hemiptera. Later naturalists in dividing up this genus placed 1. stagnorum in various genera, such as Gerris and Emesa, until it was rescued by Latreille and placed in a genus by itself, which its unique characters well merited. Later, Burmeister,* setting aside Latreille’s work, proposed the generic name Limnobates for this insect, and this name is frequently to be met with in comparatively recent books.
The United States, like Europe, has up to the present but a single species, and this (H. /imeata) was first described by Thomas Say.f+ I quote the following: ‘‘H. lineata. Fuscous; hemelytra dull whitish with black nervures. Inhabits United States. Body fuscous or brown, more or less deep ; hemelytra dull whitish or dusky, with black nervures ; tergum pale, quadrilineate with black ; two of the lines on the edge and the interval between the two inner lines, dull whitish or bright yellow ; the incisures of the segments more or less black ; beneath and feet obscure
* *« Handbuch der Entomologie” (1839), Vol. II., No. 1, p. 210.
+ The complete writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of North America (Leconte’s Edition), Vol. I., p. 361.
[4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
yellowish ; thorax with a more or less obvious pale line. Length, seven- twentieths of an inch. This is very much like the stagnorum, F., but the hemelytra are not testaceous and there is no thoracic impressed line.
Pate JI],—Structural details of Hydrometra lineata,
~I ©
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
ee ae “ay Ja
Fic. 7.—Hydrometra lineata. Male.
EXPLANATION OF PLaTE III. Fig. 1 —Lateral view of genitalia of H/. lineata, female.
» 2,—Dorsal " " " " female.
» 3,—Lateral 1 " " " male.
"» 4.—Dorsal " " " " male.
» 9.—Ventral 4 " " " male.
» §.—Lateral 5 " H. stagnorum, female. » 6.—Dorsal " " " " female. » 7.—Lateral 4 " " " male.
" 8.—Dorsal " " " " male,
» 10,—Lateral view of head of 7/7. lineata,
74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
[Male?] Body blue-black ; thorax with a pale line; antenne and feet dark honey yellow ; tergum and venter without lines.”
“Var. a. Australis. Head beyond the eyes a little longer and a little more dilated at tip; second joint of the antennz a little more dilated at tip; abdomen with five lateral whitish points. Inhabits New Orleans.”
It will be noted in the above description that Say could find no very specific difference between //. /ineata and 7. stagnorum; by looking carefully at the genitalia of each, however, it is seen that there is a wide difference between them. [t is in these fundamental structures that we find the variations which are best adapted for separating the species referred to in the above. Just what these differencés are may best be seen by reference to Plate III., where Figs. r and 2 show lateral and dorsal views of the genitalia of the female H. /ineata, and Figs. 3 and 4 show lateral and dorsal views of the male genitalia of the same species ; Figs. 5 and 6 are the genitalia lateral and dorsal of female /Z. stagnorum ; Figs. 7 and 8 are the same for the male of this latter species. The male is darker in colour than the female, and much smaller, the average length of twenty males being 8.8 mm., while twenty females averaged 9.7 mm. in length. ;
The peculiar habitat of Hydrometra, combined with its elongate form, has given rise to a secondary sexual character, which occurs in both H. lineata and H. stagnorum. This consists of two notched projections on the inner side of the sixth abdominal segment, close to the incisure be- tween the sixth and seventh segments. The object of these notched elevations of the abdominal walls is to fit over the lateral keels of the female abdomen, thus steadying the abdomen of the male during copula- tion. ‘This is rendered necessary not only by the elongate abdomen, but also by the fact that it is necessary for the insects to maintain their balance upon the water or run the risk of breaking through the treacherous surface film, an accident very likely to cause death. ‘The abdomen in both sexes is stiffened and made rigid by a concentration of the segments along the venter, and by two keel-like lateral expansions of the abdominal segments. Along these keels the segments have become so firmly cemented that the joints between the segments do not show, thus giving to the keels the ap- pearance of continuous structure.
The life-history of H. Zineata is similar to that of other Hemiptera in that there are several broods during-the summer. The insect hiber- nates in the adult stage, and during the first warm days of spring crawls stiffly out from under the rubbish along the banks, where it has passed the winter. When the weather becomes warm enough (the first to tenth of May at Ithaca), egg-laying begins ; the female becomes restless and stalks about in search of a place to deposit an egg. The laying of an egg by this stiff-abdomened, clumsy creature is accomplished in a very peculiar manner: Backing up to a grass stem Or almost any firm object which
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 15
rises above the water, she exudes from the genital opening a drop of a gummy gelatinous substance, which she then presses against the object that has been chosen to support the egg. This sticky mass is the base of the egg-stalk, and hardening very soon, fastens the egg in place before it has left the body. The insect now walks away from the stalk, thus free- ing herself from the egg. This egg, as may be seen from the drawing (Fig. 8), is long and spindle-shaped, with the micropile on the extreme end away from the point of at- tachment. ‘The length of the egg is about two millimetres, a little more than one-fifth the total length of the insect apart from the antenne, and about one-half the length of the abdomen. I was unable to determine how many eggs each female Jays, for Hydrometra is not an easy insect to raise in confinement, being easily drowned in aquaria, and then the eggs are very hard to find where there is anything like an approach to natural conditions. The number can- not be very great, however, for the size of the egg is such that the abdomen could hardly contain more than four or five atthe most. Each egg is attached to its support at right angles to the surface, but is frequently found hanging down as the result of some accident.
The interior egg sac is protected by a horny exterior coating decorated with longitudinal ribs or flutings, the sur- faces of which are granulated and marked by a rather in- distinct hexagonal pattern; in the drawing this pattern has been exaggerated in order to call attention to its existence, for it is not at first apparent, and indeed does not appear to be present in some cases. Around the micropile end this protective coating takes the form of a series of plates, while around the stalk it extends in an enclosing sheath of a delicate tracery of network, through which can be seen the darker coloured supporting stalk. Mounted in Canada balsam this covering becomes more or less transparent, showing the oval pod-shape of the egg proper, with its
—~ lender stalk on one end and the micropile on the other. Be Fee of Out of this egg there emerges, seventeen days after lay- Hydrometra. jing, the soft-bodied, light green nymph which has, as do all Hemiptera, the general characters of the adult. The nymph in this case
16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
differs, however, from the adult in having the tarsi one-, instead of three- jointed. The body is so soft at birth and during the five moults which follow that the nymphs are frequently drowned, not being able to raise their bodies above the surface film so easily as do the more rigid adults.
During the summer there are varying numbers of broods, depending largely upon the length and temperature of the season, for this simple life-
history is repeated as fast as the insects reach maturity.
Hydrometra is a carnivorous insect, its food consisting of the juices of insects that fal! into the water, and the number of these is considerable along the grassy aquatic borders. When such a hapless insect falls into the water it is at once pounced upon by one or several voracious Hydro- metras, who insert their beaks and proceed to suck the juices from their still struggling victim. Ihave seen noless than ten thus surround their prey, all with their heads in the direction of common ‘interest and their bodies radiating outward. The body and legs of Hydrometra are covered with minute hairs, which prevent the body from being éasily wet. The in- sect is constantly engaged in lifting its legs into the air to dry them, forif they once become wet they sink through the surface film just as would a float- ing needle. When Hydrometra does break through the surface film he is often able to free one leg after another, and then by main force raise his
body up also.
In Lethierry and Severin’s Catalogue of the Hemiptera there are listed eleven species of Hydrometra, but this list is not complete, for it does not contain H. Zimeata. These eleven species are mostly tropical and sub-tropical, with the exception of the European species and one from Siberia. One species from the Philippines may eventually become a member of the fauna of the United States, though at present H. /imeata is our sole representative of this genus. It seems that subsequent study will show more species within the boundaries of the United States, and
that Say’s variety austra/is will be found to be a distinct species.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ii
ORCHELIMUM, SERV BY JEROME M’NEILL, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA.
This genus of Orthoptera is confined almost entirely to North America, where it is represented by twenty or more species. Joseph Redtenbocher in his ‘‘ Monographie der Conocephaliden,” published in 1891, united Orchelimum, Serv., to Xiphidium, Serv. This action seems scarcely justified, as the two groups are quite as distinct as many other Orthopteran genera, and Redtenbocher’s authority has not been generally recognized in this country. The species are distinguished with difficulty and the descriptions are widely scattered. ‘These considerations have led me to attempt to make a key for their identification. It is quite possible that some of the species indicated are synonymous, but I am inclined to believe that all I have recognized are good, and I believe there are a considerable number undescribed. Many forms which differ from each other by very few structural differences are distinguished by some peculiarity of song or habit or habitat, and it is certain that a considerable number of them have been overlooked.
KEY TO ORCHELIMUM.
A. Hind femora not armed with small spines on the under side b’. Ovipositor straight or very slightly curved; face not striped eae pale.
‘ Tegmina surpassing the tips of the femora more or less. Length of the ovipositor 10 mm. or more, little if any less than two-thirds the length of the hind femora.
d‘. Pronotum short, less than one-fourth the length of the body and not more than 4 mm. long ; tegmina only slightly surpassing the tips of the hind femora ; a broad reddish-brown band upon the head and pronotum, somewhat paler in the middle... .. Delicatum, Bruner.
d*. Pronotum longer, more than one-fourth the length of the body and more than 4 mm. long ; tegmina little if any shorter than the wings and reaching almost to the tip of the ovipositor ; two well-defined narrow dark brown diverging lines upon the _ prono- tuin. ee ey ea . Gladiator, Bruner.
*. Tegmina not ene ie ee of thie ie femora ; ovipositor brown, much less than 10 mm, long.......A/znor, Bruner.
78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
b*. Ovipositor decidedly curved.
Gn
Size small, less than 14 mm.; tegmina without the two black lines usually present on either side of the spec- MVE tk ws, « ee «asin Hen Lede dips ae yee ae
c’. Size medium or large, at least 16 mm. long.
d’. Face pale or unicolorous, never with reddish-brown or
fuscous stripe down the middle. e!. Hind femora short, less than five-sixths the length of the body and not exceeding 15 mm. in length.
f', ‘T'egmina not much exceeding the hind femora ; ovipositor less than g mm. long ; posterior margin of the lateral lobes strongly sinuate ; anterior and middle tibiz green or yellow- {| eC Amram 070005
f°. Tegmina far surpassing the tips of the hind femora ; Ovipositor more than ro mm. long ; posterior margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum distinctly but not.strengly sinuate ; anterior and middle tibiz fuscous black... 2.0...) 0.4... 0: 00). Robmseeeae
e*. Hind femora longer, at least five-sixths as long as the body and not less than 17 mm. in length ; ovipositor less than half as long as the hind femora.
f!, Pronotum longer, more than one-fourth as long as the body ; tegmina not far surpassing the tip of the hind femora.
g'. Tegmina not narrowed in the middle ; anal cerci of the male slender, the basal tooth short and weak; tegmina and wings olivaceous brown ; size less than medium.........Campestre, Blatchley.
g°. Tegmina narrowed in the middle; anal cerci of the male swollen, armed within with a strong basal tooth ; posterior margin of the lateral lobes of the pronotum strongly sinuate ; size greater
: than medium... ...G/aberrimum, Burm.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a9
f*. Pronotum short, less than one-fourth as long as the body; tegmina far surpassing the tip of the hind femora and distinctly shorter than the wings..........Zongipenne, Scudd.
d®. Face with a reddish-brown stripe down the middle ; pronotum short, less than one-fourth the length of the body ; ovipositor less than one-half the length of the hind femora ; body slender.
e'. Stripe broadly expanded on the lower half of the face, forming a triangular spot; tegmina brownish- green or testaceous..........Comcinnum, Scudd.
e®. Stripe not expanding on the lower part of the face ; tegmina and wings transparent whitish tinged with green on the principal veins of the lateral field)... :32..-3-eiaeee >. ..cadtanense, Blatebley
A*. Hind femora armed with one or more small spines on the under side. a’. Tegmina not much longer than the body, generally plainly shorter ; ovipositor decidedly curved and never more than 9 mm. long. b’. Face pale, without a narrow median stripe. c'. Tips of the hind femora surpassed by the tegmina.
d'. Dorsal stripe present; ovipositor exceeding half the length of the hind femora; pronotum more than one-fourth the length of the body. «..7, 20: sna aenens. -Splaticwi, MeNeir.
d®. Dorsal stripe absent ; ovipositor less than half the length of the hind femora; pronotum less than one-fourth the length of the
s body. . fos ots soar . Spinulosum, Red. *. Tips of the ea bain not rgehed by the tegmina, which are decidedly shorter than the body ; pronotum considerably more than one-fourth the length of the
DOV iets rio «ado cichog eee ihe ate a ale os CRELICULET Exe SCENE
b*. Face with a narrow median stripe ......... Agile, DeGeer.
a*. Tegmina considerably longer than the body. b’. Ovipositor not more than 9 mm. long and decidedly curved. c’. All the tibiz black or infuscated on the upper side ; ovipositor plainly more than half the hind femora ;
SU THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
pronotum not less than one-fourth the length of the body ; dorsal stripe present, though frequently obsolete posterionly..... ... 02.52. sso» « «VESPER ee c*. All the tibice not black nor infuscated on the upper side ; ovipositor distinctly less than half the length of the hind femora ; pronotum less than one-fourth the length of the body; dorsal stripe want: thei hee: ofen aen GS Red. b®. Ovipositor at least to mm. long.
co.
Hind femora spined only on the outer carina of the
under side ; ovipositor nearly straight.
d'. Tegmina not more than 25 mm. even in the female, much less in the male; general colour brownish-green ; dorsal stripe bordered by two narrow lines of darker brown. . Bruner?, Blatchley.
d*. ‘Tegmina not less than 25 mm. long even in the male, much more in the female ; tegmina strongly reticulate ; the anal area forming a distinct angle with the lateral field........ Vodantum, McNeill.
Hind femora spined on both carinz of the under side ;
° re —
ovipositor distinctly curved ; dorsum of the pronotum with two reddish-purple stripes ; pronotum less than one-fourth the length of the body.. ..Zaticauda, Red. ORCHELIMUM DELICATUM, Bruner.
Orchelimum delicatum, Bruner. Ent. News, III., 264, Dec., 1892.
: gracile, Bruner. Can. Ent., XXIII, 70. Net ‘oy? Elan j
This species was re-named by Bruner when he found it necessary to restore Harris’s O. gracile, which on the authority of Scudder had been considered a synonym of X7phidium fasciatum, De Geer.
It is very limited in distribution, being known only from Nebraska, where, however, Bruner says it is “ quite common in the vicinity of West Point, about the margins of ponds, etc.” He also took it at the electric light in Lincoln, “.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81
ORCHELIMUM GLADIATOR, Bruner.
Orchelimum gladiator, Brun., Can. Ent., XXIIT., 71. e “ Blatchley, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1893.* Nebraska, ‘On the flowers of a prairie golden-rod( Sodidago rigida,L.), at West Point,” Bruner; Indiana, “ From the borders of a tamarack swamp,” Blatchley. ORCHELIMUM MINOR, Bruner.
Orchelimum minor, Bruner, Can. Ent., XXIII, 72, Apr., 189r. Apparently a rare species, known only from the District of Columbia. It is unknown to me and has not been recognized since it was named.
ORCHELIMUM VULGARE, Harr.
Orchelimum vulgare, Harr., Ins. Inj. to Veg., p. 162, fig. 77, 1862. «~ Scudd., Mat: for Mon.; 452; 1362. Xiphidium agile, Red., Mon. der Con., 186, fig. 80, 1891.
It is very probable that many of the references to this insect are mistaken. It seems to range over the northern United States from the Pacific to the Atlantic,and northward for an unknown distance into British America. It is found as far south as Arkansas and Maryland.
ORCHELIMUM GRACILE, Harr.
Orchelimum gracile, Harr., Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, p. 163, fig. 78. 2 a Brun., Ent. News, III., Dec. 1892, 264.
Not Xiphidium fasciatum, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 1862, 451. According to Bruner, Scudder was mistaken in referring O. gracile
to X fasciatum. Massachusetts, Harris ; New Jersey, Bruner.
ORCHELIMUM ROBUSTUM, Red.
Xiphidium robustum, Red., Mon. Con. 185, 1891 New Orleans,
Redtenbocher.
ORCHELIMUM CAMPESTRE, Blatchley.
Orchelimum campestre, Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 133, 1893.
Reported from Vigo and Fulton Counties, ‘‘In upland. prairie meadows, where it frequents the tall grasses, usually in company with Xiphidium strictum, Scudd.”
ORCHELIMUM GLABERRIMUM, Burm. Xiphidium glaberrimum, Burm., Hand., I1., 3, 707, 1839.
*The title page of the author’s reprint bears the date 1892, but it is evident that this paper was not printed until 1893 or later, as some of the synonymy given bears the date 1893. (See page 135.)
82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Orchelimum glaberrimum, Scudd., Mater. for a Mon., 453, 1862. NXiphidium ue Red., Mon. der Con., 187, 1891. The whole United States east of the Rocky Mountains. .
ORCHELIMUM LONGIPENNE, Scudd. Orchelimum longipenne, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 453, 1862. Xiphidium inerme, Red., Mon. der Con., 187, 1891. ‘Texas, Redtenbocher, Scudder; Kansas, Nebraska, Bruner. . ORCHELIMUM CONCINNUM, Scudd. Orchelimum concinnum, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 452, 1862. ? “s herbaceum, Serv., Hist. Nat. Orth., 524, 1839. Xiphidium concinnum, Red., Mon. der Con., 188, 1891.
Blatchley says: ‘It frequents the weedy and grassy margins of marshes and lowland ponds and reaches maturity about August 15th.” Massachusetts, Scudder, Redtenbocher; New York, Beutenmiiller ; Indiana, Blatchley ; Illinois, McNeill; Nebraska, Bruner.
ORCHELIMUM INDIANENSE, Blatch. Orchelimum Indianense, Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci, 137, are0g:
Blatchey says it was ‘‘ quite common among the rank grasses and sedges about the margins of a tamarack swamp. near Kewana, Fulton County, Indiana. * ORCHELIMUM SYLVATICUM, McNeill.
Orchelimum sylvaticum, McNeill, Psyche, 26 Feb., 189. © s Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 136, 1893.
Found on corn and about open places in the woods. Blatchley says: ‘‘It frequents the borders of cultivated fields and open woods.” Illinois, McNeill ; Indiana, Blatchley.
ORCHELIMUM SPINULORUM, Red. Xiphidium spinulorum, Red., Mon. der Con., 189, 1891. North Caro- lina, Redtenbocher. ORCHELIMUM CUTICULARE, Serv. Orchelimum cuticulare, Serv., Hist. Nat. Orthop., 523, 1839. Xiphidium cuticulare, Red., Mon. der Con., 189, 1891. Texas, Redten- bocher. ORCHELIMUM AGILE, De Geer. Locusta agilis, De Geer., Mem., III., 457. Pl. 40, Fig. 3, 1778. Orchelimum agile, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 453, 1862. — Not Xiphidium agile, Red., Mon. der Con., 186, 1891.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83
There is considerable uncertainty concerning the status of this species. Redtenbocher made O. vu/gare, Harr., a synonym, but Blatch- ley points out that Redtenbocher’s measurements do not agree with those of vulgare. The species as determined by Scudder, as it is represented in my collection, has the under sides of the hind femora spined. Maryland, Illinois, Scudder; Kansas, Nebraska, Bruner; Mont- real, Canada, Caulfield ; New Jersey, Smith; New York, Beutenmuller.
ORCHELIMUM NIGRIPES, Scudd. Orchelimum nigripes, Scudd., Ent. Notes, 1V., 62, 1875. Xiphidium nigripes, Red., Mon. der Con., 188, 1891.
The range of this species seems to be from the Rocky Mountains to Indiana, and Texas to Nebraska. It has not been reported east and south of the Mississippi and Ohio.
ORCHELIMUM NITIDUM, Red. Xiphidium nitidum, Red., Mon. der Con., 189, 1891. Georgia, Redtenbocher.
ORCHELIMUM BruNERI, Blatch. Orchelimum Bruneri, Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 139, 1893.
This species is apparently closely related to my O. volantum, and it may prove identical. Said by Blatchley to be ‘‘common on the leaves and stems of a tall, broad-leaved knot-weed (Polygonum amphibium ), which grows luxuriantly in the shallow waters about the margins of two or three large ponds in the Wabash River bottoms.” The same authority reports it from the margin of Lost Lake, Marshall Co., Ind.
ORCHELIMUM VOLANTUM, McNeill. Orchelimum volantum, McNeill, Psyche, VI., 26, Feb., 1891.
Found only on Sagittaria variabilis, in a single locality on the banks of Rock River, Illinois, near Cleveland, Henry County. It makes more use of its remarkably long wings than any other species of the genus known to me.
ORCHELIMUM LATICAUDA, Red. Xiphidium laticauda, Red., Mon. der Con., 1g0, 1891, New Orleans, Redtenbocher.
84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN YPONOMEUTID#E. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. | (Continued from page 41.) Genus GLYPHIPTERYX, Hubn. Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., 421, 1816; Wals., Proc. Zia SOG;
Lond., 1897, 118. Sinema of Spectes.
Hind wings narrowly oblong, the fringe about as long as the width of the wing. A series of black and silver dots along the margin of wing at anal angle. = Fore wing with a straight white line across the middle, A purplish space subterminally, with three white dashes on
COStAnS cn ene wn wg le ghee - leis ier 5 ORMGSE MERIC aNn eis No purplish space, hat a nearly continuous white line be- yond the middle line...............umtfasolatas- aise
Fore wing with a white costal bar at middle, preceded and fol- lowed by white lines that ‘converge toward inner mar- gin. sue gies ete ne en 'ju Vals see. oa « «tf IEILC CEE eer
Fore wing aithont ah rae on the margin.
A curvei white streak on middle of inner
MAFPIN 2. ee oe eee eee caleba + wren J 2a rn ( = exoptatella, Chamb.)
This white streak not curved.
This white streak a Sis without a costal dot opposite
ite. : .......clrcumscripta, Chamb. This Scar pee an apace white costal streak . ES i ENP Bo a .. California, Wals.
Hind wings broader, the pias auch starter ean the width of the wing. Fore wing with no costal white streak except at the apex, the other lines. being lead ‘coloun:’.....8.25.6 a.) wiles. sa. Fore wing with white costal streaks. No conspicuous white streak on middle of inner margin. soe ae . guadragintapunctata, Dyar. A white Heal on the iad nee margin. .#ontised/a, Chamb. G. quadragintapunctata, 0. sp. Fore wings dark brown, the apex golden ; seven yellowish white dots on the costa, the third from the base continued as a white line across the
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85
wing to the inner margin, the fourth an oblique dash crossing the wing about one-third its width ; 5th at the end of a curved opalescent line that runs across the wing to tornus ; 7th produced as a short opalescent line ; 8th as a longer opalescent line that ends on middle of outer margin ; disk broadly blackish, thickly filled in with little yellow dots that appear opaiescent in certain lights. Hind wings blackish brown, the fringe paler ; abdomen white ringed, especially below ; legs black spotted outwardly. One female, expanse 14 mm. Onaga, Kansas (F. F. Crevecceur). U. S. * Nat. Mus. Type No. 4424. Genus CuoreutTis, Hubn. Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., 373, 1816. ea oe ane
Fore wing ochreous at tip.. ora peat <2 2 eeeOr ela Clem: Fore wing not ochreous at ane Fore wing broadly ochreous at base...............st/phiella, Grote.
Fore wing slightly ochreous at base in streaks or not at all so. Extreme base of wing dark. Dark basal space contracted, the middle of the wing filled in by a purplish cloud containing black specks. This cloud edged by a distinct white io ......onustana, Walk. Edges of this signal Rae a fionter Shnatfe of purplish. Outer edge of cloud irregular, dentate; two ochreous streaks at base. . byerkandel/a, Thunb. Outer edge of cloud defined by a curved line ; no ochreous at base .........sororculella, Dyar. Dark basal space not contracted, occupying half the wing, the pale cloud occupying the terminal haif with the _black specks segregated into a patch below vein s. Basal space crossed by a white line.
This: line GHrved ewes eas occidentella, Dyar. Ths line siaightee. 4, 2.7 o. .-exerincice/en, Dyan. Basal space without a iio WG ce x o's ko eee . Coloradella, Fern. MS. Extreme base a; wing w hitish gray. . . Ceucobasts, Fern. MS.
C. inflatella, Clem., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, IL, 5, 1863 ; virginiella, Clem., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., III., 505, 1864. I cannot distinguish Clemens’s two species, described as Brenthia.
S6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
C. sororculella, n. sp.
Generally similar to djerkande//a, Thunb., but without any traces of the yellow dashes at the base of fore wings. The pale gray space in the middle of the wing is sharply limited without and within by a paler line ; in the centre of this space is a large group of biack and metallic scales ; beyond the pale line are no black scales, but a regular, distinct, subterminal metallic line ; a subcostal metallic streak in basal space. Hind wings with a white dash as in omustana. ‘Two examples. Placer Co., California. June (A. Koebele) ; U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 4426. C. occidentella, n. sp.
Grayish brown ; basal half of wing of this colour, with a curved white line across its centre. ‘Terminal half of wing filled, except somewhat narrowly along outer margin, by a large whitish patch, irrorate with brown scales, containing above a small black patch and below a large quadrate one, cut by a whitish line transversely ; silvery scales along costa basally, middle of wing, subterminally and in the black patch. Hind wings brown, immaculate. Betow a faint, irregular, whitish, sub- marginal line on hind wings and two costal dots on fore wings. Expanse 14mm. One male. California (coll. Beutenmiller). U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 4428.
C. extrincicella, Nn. sp. :
Light brown, head and palpi whitish. Fore wing with basal half brown, crossed by a broad, straight, white line with a few silvery scales outwardly on costa. Terminal half of the wing nearly white except narrowly along outer margin, streaked above with longitudinal, somewhat cuneate, lines of black scales, below containing a single elongate, rounded, black patch with two groups of silvery scales; similar scales on outer border of white patch; outer half of fringe white. Hind wings pale brown. Expanse 12 mm. One male. Wisconsin. U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 4427.
Genus THELETHIA, Dyar.
Dyar, Can. EnT., XXV., 301, 1893; Zhza, Hy. Edw. (preoc. Col. 1840) ; Hy. Edw., Ent. Am., III., 181; 1888 ; Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., L, gol, 1892.
T. extranea, Hy. Edw., Ent. Amer., 1II., 181, 1888; Smith, List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 956, 1891 ; Dyar, Can. ENT., XXV., 301, 1893.
I include this genus here tentatively. I have not seen a specimen in
six years, and my old notes give only the venation. It may be a Tineid near Incurvaria. =
oe) ~I
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS UPON BOMBYX CUNEA, DRURY, STC: BY THE REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.
To make my way clear I beg to state the objects I had in view in writing the article that appeared under my name in the number of the CANADIAN Entomovocist for last May. They were these :
I.-—To establish the identity of the Spz/osoma Antigone of Strecker with the Spzdosoma congrua of Walker. 1I.—To show that Dr. Riley’s series of wings in Fig. 87, Packara’s forest Insects, does not afford a proof conclusive that cunea, textor, punctata and punctatissima are one and the same species of insect. III.—To bring into notice a Spilosoma which answers to the figure given by Drury of his Bombyx cunea.
I.—It is admitted that Antigone and congrua are identical. I need
not say anything more on that point.
II.—I have always looked upon Riley’s series of wing-figures with distrust—much as I should regard a catena brought forward by a contro- vertialist to support an erroneous opinion ; and, in the paper I have mentioned, I endeavoured to show the weakness of his position by stating that a like series of wing-figures could be taken from specimens of moths raised from “ black ground-feeding larve.” It has been said “ there is no doubt at all of the identity of all these forms,” and if a positive assertion could have settled the matter, it would have been settled ; but a chain is not stronger than its weakest links, and Sir James Smith was not sure of the identity of punctatissima with Drury’s congrua, and Dr. Ottolengui gives voice to a doubt, which others beside himself have felt, and says: “Ts it possible that the immaculate and the spotted forms of cumea may be distinct?” (By these “forms” I understand him to mean puncta- tissima and textor.)
Smith and Abbot give us a picture of their Phalena punctatissima. There is an irregularly spotted male insect, a spotless female, and a larva feeding upona sprig of mulberry. Quite a fancy sketch! And this is the description appended :
“Ph. Bombyx elinguis, alis deflexis corporeque niveis nigro punc- tatis, thorace utrinque lunula nigra.”
And under this-is a note (the italics are mine) :
88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
‘* Whether this be the cunea of Mr. Drury or not, it deserves a more expressive, or rather a less erroneous, name. Zhe character above given applies to the male only, the female being entirely white.”
Now, Dr. Dyar tells us that ‘‘ Walker knew cunea, Drury” (CAN. EnT., v. XXXI., p. 155), very weil. What does Walker say about the female of the species? This is. what he says: ‘ Fema/e—Hind wings, with some brown submarginal spots.”
There is no warrant whatever for speaking of an immaculate cunea, Drury—whether male or female. Drury neither figured nor described such an insect.
I hope it will be understood that when I have spoken of cunea I have meant Drury’s cunea—not the insects that of late have been erroneously called by that name. WhenI have spoken of moths from fall webworms, I have designated them as such, or I have used the term given by Harris for the northern immaculate insect, and the term given by Smith and Abbot for the southern spotted insect.
Lyphantria textor, Harris, and Phalena punctatissima, S. and A., are supposed to be (though Harris had no idea that they were) seasonal varieties of one and the same species of moth—a moth that comes from the fall webworm.
In Canada we have only one brood of this species in the year, but southward there are two generations of it. Thus Dr. Wm. Saunders writes :
‘“‘In the northern United States and Canada there is only one brood of this insect in the season, but in the south it is frequently double- brooded, the first brood of the larve appearing in June, the second in August.”—Jnsects Injurious to Fruits, p. 73.
And Dr. L. O. Howard writes :
‘In the District of Columbia and north to New York City there are two generations annually.” = i" : = = ‘s 3
“The caterpillars of the second generation begin to make their appearance in force in August.”—Farmers’ Bulletin No. 99, p. 20.
It is, I presume, the moths from-this second generation that Dr. Ottolengui refers to in his “ Contribution, etc.,” in the December number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, pp. 358-9.
With his remarks, as to the profuse spottedness of these early moths, agree, in part, the words of Mr. James S, Johnson, who wrote from Frank- ford, Pennsylvania, in August, 1880, and said :
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89
* Hyphantria textor (Harris) made its appearance in this locality on May roth, and from that date to the r3th I captured 53 ¢ examples and 10 ?.”
“On June 17th the second brood appeared, and in three days I took ae and to ¢.” * * * * * * *
‘In the first brood every male had the black spots on the primaries, from a single spot on each wing to almost covered, and in some examples
a spot on the secondaries. In the second brood all were bright, not an example with the least trace of a mark, the females in both broods entirely white.” —Can. ENrT., vol. XIII., p. 18.
The italics in the above quotation are mine.
Mr. Johnson asked these questions: ‘“ Has the first brood, or that which remains over winter only, the black spots? or does // fextor alternate ?”
As far as my knowledge extends, these questions have not been answered. No one has come forward to say, “ From eggs laid by /. textor I have raised a brood of 7. punctatissima,” or, vice versa, “ From eggs laid by H. punctatissima 1 have raised a brood of 7 textor.” If I am mistaken in this I shall be glad if someone will tell me zen and where and by whom the statement has been made.
As regards our northern examples of fextor: I have ten moths (males and females) that I have raised at different times from fall web- worms. Not one of them has any appearance of a spot at the base of the second fork of the median nerve, such as is shown in “/” of Riley’s “ Fig. 86,” in Packard’s Forest Insects, and ‘‘a” in “ Fig. 87” of the same work.
The dimensions of the moths that come from fall webworms have been given as follows :
Ln the New England States—One inch and a quarter to one inch and three-eighths— Harris, /vs. /n7. to Veg., p. 358.
In Canada—One inch and a quarter—Saunders, /us. Znj. to Fruits, P- 73: ;
In the Southern States—One inch and one-tenth—Howard, Farmers’ Bulletin No. 99 (by figures), pp. 24 and 26,
We must accept the dimensions given by these authorities as reliable. From them it appears that the Southern specimens of moths from fall web- worms are smaller than the rest. What the very large moths, that have
90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
been mistaken for and associated with H. textor, really are must be determined by further careful breeding.
IIJ.—American Entomological literature is rich in synonyms, and Dr. Dyar seems ambitious to add another to the list (see his ‘‘ Correction” in the January number of the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST).
The following is the description of Spz/osoma prima, Slosson :
“ Size of S. virginica, but a stouter insect, body heavier and-shorter, scarcely reaching anal angle of secondaries. Primaries sordid white, stained with ochreous, especially along costa and inner margin, and with scattered dots of dark brown. These are arranged almost exactly as in some specimens of the form of H. textor, Harris, known as cunea and punctata. The dots are much heavier and more distinct on costa, and there is a submarginal line very plainly indicated and composed of geminate dots on the venules. Secondaries sordid white. Abdomen thickly clothed with white hairs, through which can be seen the yellow of the body, with dorsal row of black spots. Palpi, cox and tibiz very dark smoky brown, almost black.”—Za¢. Amer., V., 40 (1889).
And these are some of the points in which this insect seems to differ from the Spilosoma taken at Quebec and believed to be the Bombyx cunea of Drury:
S. PRIMA, SLOSSON.
Size of S. virginica.
Stouter than Virginica.
A submarginal line of geminate dots on primaries.
Secondaries sordid white (no men- tion of spots).
Dorsal row of black spots on abdo- men.
Tibiz very dark smoky brown.
THE QUEBEC INSECT.
Smaller than S. wrginica.
Not so stout as Virginica.
A submarginal line of dashes and streaks on primaries. ;
Secondaries much spotted, as in Drury’s figure.
Five rows of black spots on abdo- men (Drury’s figure shows dorsal and side lines. ‘The under side of the insect is not figured).
Tibiz white on the outside, dark
’ brown on the inner.
But supposing S. prima, Slosson, were shown to be identical with
the insect I have described, that would not prove that Phalena puncta- tissima, S. and A., is one with B&. cunea, Drury: it would rather indicate that we have had one more synonym in our literature than we have been aware of.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9]
I do not know that I can say any more on the subjects that we have had under discussion. I trust that I have written with befitting modesty, and that I have given the reasons for my statements with suffi- cient clearness. After weighing all that has been written, I am convinced that Hyphantria ¢extor, Harris, zy mot one and the same with Bombyx cunea, Drury, and that the insect I have described as cunea more closely corresponds to Drury’s figure than any other moth, or any figure or description that has come under my notice.
NOTE ON CYANIRIS PSEUDARGIOLUS OF BOISDUVAL AND LE CONTE. BY ARTHUR G. BUTLER, PH. D., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENGLAND.
In 1782, Cramer described and figured a Cyaniris (P]. CCLXX., figs. D, E), and incorrectly gave the Cape of Good Hope as its locality.
In his “ Rhopalocera Africe Australis,” Mr. Trimen described the species from a single example labelled “S. Africa” in the British Museum collection, and stated that this was the only example he had seen. In his later work this species is ignored, Mr. Trimen having evidently satisfied himself that it never came from any part of Africa. On looking up the authority for the locality of the specimen mentioned by Trimen in our oldest ‘‘ Register of Accessions,” I find it entered as ‘‘ P. Zadon, Cram., n., S. Africa?” the locality having evidently been entered on Cramer’s authority.
As a matter of fact, Cramer’s insect is undoubtedly Cyaniris pseudargiolus, which it necessarily supersedes, and our reputed African example is a large specimen of the form marginata, rather less suffused than usual on the under surface.
It is always inconvenient to alter the names of well-known and abundant species, but under the circumstances I do not see how it can be avoided in the present instance: it will perhaps have one advantage — as C. pseudargiolus is not half so nearly related to C. argio/us as it is to the Sikhim species, C. di/ectus, an inappropriate name is suppressed.
A NEW OAK-GALL FROM NEW MEXICO. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.
Dryophanta. Portere, n. sp.—Q. Length, 2% mm.; very dark brown ; cheeks, tibiz more or less, tarsi, and antenne except tips, clear ferruginous ; smooth and shining, parapsidal grooves distinct ; head trans- versely quadrate, broader than long; antennz 13-jointed, 13 a little longer than 11 and 12, 3 about a third longer than 4 (3 about 200 p, 4 about 150 p, 13 about 180 y); scutellum prominent; ovipositor rather long, ferruginous, its apical portion with six rings, counting the apex as one;
92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
wings delicately hairy., marked with blackish, nervures suffused with black, marginal nervure almost but not quite attaining the costa at its distal end; a suffused black cloud beneath the end of the marginal cell, a double one in the apical field, a small and indistinct one beyond the apex of the mar- ginal cell, and a faint cloud on the lower part of the wing.
Gad/.—On under side of leaf of Quercus undulata (true undudata, not Gambelii), on each side of midrrb, sometimes as many as eight on a leaf; galla thin-shelled depressed sphere, light ferruginous, rather shiny, smooth, surface microscopically tessellate, basal portion with a thin i inconspicuous pubescence.
Hab.—Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M., Jan., 1900 (Miss Wilmatte forter ). Fly emerged Jan. 30. I had taken the galls to