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ANNUAL REPORT

BOARD OF REGENTS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

THE OPERATIONS, EXPENDITURES, AND CONDITION OF THE INSTITUTION

FOR THE

YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1890.

nan FP OUR LT

OF THI

U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. LS9d,

FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION.

Concurrent resolution adopted by the House of Representatives May 27, 1890, and by the Senate June 17, 1890.

Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That there be printed of the reports of the Smithsonian Institution and of the National Museum, for the year ending 30th June, 1890, in two octavo volumes, 19,000 extra copies, of which 3,900 copies shall be for the use of the Senate, 6,000 copies for the use of the House of Representatives, 7,000 copies for the use of the Smithsonian Institution, and 3,000 copies for the use of the National Museum.

TY

BE OORT

OF THE

im NATIONAL MUSEHUM

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

FOR THE

Ne bya Eos EE) NIDIENG SS UNE SO, 1si30:

Tit

REPORT OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 890.

SUBJECTS.

I. Report of the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the National Museum, upon the condition and progress of the Museum. :

II. Reports of the Curators. Ill. Papers illustrative of the collections in the U.S. National Museum. IV. Bibliography.

V. List of accessions.

U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, 4 UNDER DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, October 1, 1890. Str: I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the U.S. National Museum and upon the work accom- plished in its various departments during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1890. ‘ Very respectfully, G. BROWN GOODE, Assistant Secretary, in charge U. S. National Museum. Prof. S. P. LANGLEY,

Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. Vil

CONTENTS.

Page NUBUR CUStaececciaiesesueeccca eos. e Pep ene ie rccatu re ENTS Race EY alan PAS ag Vv NTE ReOMMERANSMEETAT: atic sae Bo Sele oes ccc ccc decease aces VII UAE CHRON EC ON DION TSE See cea eee ore some een ie ccleic es ssebe med ee ce tcecee messaacees 1x

LISTHORDULTEUSTRADIONS ance ee cersicc me esc scne eee ec coe cesecce cates escecs

SECTION I.—REport OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, IN CHARGE OF THE NATIONAL

MUSEUM.

AVE (GonoramcOnslderatvOls ess ace neces. ate eS cloe ss tec caae cbiwecie,sscciee soem ele 3 Havlyhistony ot they Muselme- sa seca esse ceee son eco saeece aso csee 4 Rrocressin thework of tlie Museums. as-2-6 46+ -osse ese eee. s+] ae oe 5 Necessity tora National’Mauseuim <2. 22-522 -2255--2e+--o-e5 onset +e ee 5) ossibilities\ofathe) futures]. -2-p sce c= oes Se eee ante 2 ecco se 6 Possibilities of increase and improvement ..---.-.-..-----.-----.---- 7 Whemecessinyatoma news Muscum~ebuildin oss. o7sesse sere ase eeeees es 9 ANOPRECHAUTCO HN LOK? HOMEMOIN MANMONS) = oocuce casecs coceos aoamce dusgeee eoaace 10 The relations of the Museum to the Smithsonian Institution -...----- 11 heyeducational work of the Museumys2 52-505 sss.ee sss 2s eee cee = 15

B:—Oreanization and scepe of the Museum .--..----- ..--....--:-.------.---- 17 Prineipalesourcesioiulercollecitons esses seers ee lee ae ae eeleee 17

Cr Speclalhtopics, ofuihe jy ears) saaem sapere one cise cemeee e cciclccesnees cece 18 The proposed statue in memory of Professor Baird -...--......--..--- 18 Additional fire-proof building ...-....---...---- eae sg te asses tee 18 heyAmenicaneeicronica WA SsOulailOnpes co ser sees eee cee aoe = eee 18 Opening of the National Museum and Smithsonian buildings during

OXGhAMNOULS teal eoaine Meese eiee cee Cee be Sack fee a eeeae sea 19 A collection to illustrate the comparative history of religion -......-. 19 inner apronrcollectionie sss 4e0 setae ences besce Cees coe oo ebe bos sta. 19 Growthiote the collectionsimeass smecceeccus scl cee eee se lem ee metia Selle 20 Wasitorstostlie Miser sess seeeene Screen o Seaaeo es eee ee oe secs 20 SAUDE Canvaale cUUREE Spheres ects eto en ui la a ee ON eI ico a to 20 MUsCuMuappPropriatlons tor SI 0= Oe ase meee eee eee eee 20 hewhistonvmotengineeninoy seaecceinessoce ce te sco else ee ee toss 20

De hemonditionior the collectionss: 32-2 /25222..2222 s2-s-2 s+ -sec caeece tne ee 21 Wensisiotauhercollectionsresse-meeess see eae nceiee seca ocean ese see Il Catalogue entries during the year ending June 30, 1890......_.....--- 24 Development and arrangement of the exhibition series...--.-.-.----- 24

Bre NC mIMUSe MIMS tates Pease seen Sate clone Sesic be ck So ae deste celeeet oak sae 26 Mieisclenbiticistath mek sser sce e sess Ce kee a be Sere Dera os eee 26 List of curators, assistant curators, and aids.........--...------------ ol PCR AMIENS (Atl Velsvallewm see emesis e hoch sect Mesa Seheu seeds wvletiels 28

F.—Review of work in the scientific departments...-.....-..--..-------.---- 29 Division of anthropology...--. bie ict POR cree ay oH ie, Sie iV get 29 DIN ISIOMO le ZOO lO Oyarmee tee eee een Cees Se Scie ce celoets 35 IDPS CO OUND oso hele creel a CRA eater Oy de Pa ae ae 40 IDRIS) OLE OA eehec Scie oie acon eee Mion aren eA esis es 42

x CONTENTS,

Page.

Gi—Reviewof the administrative Work. .2_.. ..252.c22+ cescseecase a oe eee 43 Pregsressiof general and imeidental work. -.---°.-2- /-2 222 --ee = =e 43 TROON TNO GHG GUO) S355 5550 655500 ceons Sobane ese sacse7 ssoc5- 43 Distribution of dupltcatese-- 2 esse alae e eae (ix tnd ecinwe eens 43 Distributionvof specimens) 22. eee. ss ee eatese ci sleeiseeae ee ee 44 gs sé tomereionicountnies!=-ssseee eee eee eee 44

oe au ine thesWmitedtStavesis--=--i-— ee eee eee 45

AGT ary 2.222 essa seeresisemsisie ine Be eere Bele erm ances See ae 48 Horeronvexchan@es-pe 4- ae eeee ease eee =n ee eee eee eee 50 Publications jn20. 202.052 25 oossees SI se eee sa ee hes Sa eee 52 WASitOTS 2.) Toe. skein Uae ne oie sesame Woeieeinioe seers Seen See eee 58 Mecturesandimectinos Ut Societies =s=s— ren ese a= ase eee sig eee 59 Students sc... 220... seje une dae eee tetas ae ote oe eeinels seers Pee ee eee 61 Hinanic espLropeLbyessup pues yan Cealc COUMGS sae ae 62 Preservation of collections --..---.....-.-.---- eal is Sae ee ee 62 urniture ana x: bUnes) eases aise eee eerie ee 63 Heating, lighting, electric and telephonic service...........--.-- 66 Correspondencefand reponse eae ee eee eee cee eee ee eeeee 68 Preparation of lahels 2252.03 22s sss sees eee eee ee 71 Buildings and ]abor—police and public comfort.-....---....--.....-- 71 Thesworkof the Museum oreparatorse sass os seee eee eee ee eee 73 Waxidermistsangdumodelersi ass se) ee oe ee ee 08: Osteologist ....-.. deigeis eines Reps ieee eeee eee ee ae Se eee 73 Colorist: 1002 seeds eos) os See ee eee eee 75 Photocraphers eee ee sore. Sos Wass ease 75 Draftemen i... 3.2.) sas, Se eee ee ee Bers H.—Accessions.----. sissies ta ones AR ele wa debe Seagate Seley eee ee Cece a= hae eee 76 Geographical review of the more important accessions -..-.-...--.--- 77 INPRICD). <2 2.55 eae eee sone bee eynciee a eee) See eee eee 77 AMOTICAl so siccs wisicscineens joe - bea a-nie erotica eee eee 78 NIG A oe ae Ss Shia ocicte are seis ciety, tele fale eps Soars (elepa ayey=isyanete dalaee ete 387 EUTO PC: sckic-senecn be acice sec Sree eect cee Eee REE CCE eee 89 QMeeamica 2. ek Hee a ied it nee 92 I.—Co6peration of the Departments anid Bureaus of the Government... . .---. 93 Department of State..ccssess eet ese eee SECC AE Ee ee eee 94 Treasury Department2). 226 oe eee neler eee eeee 95 WarDepartmentiand threrAmmiya see ss ests eter es ee ee eee 96 Navy DeparimentandythosNaviyeseees ere cee eee see anaes 97 Departmentiof: the Interior. 3-28 aoa. se gee ae eee eee ee Ce eeeeee 98 Weparimentiot Asricultunesssse pease ee eer ee eee eee e-Lee eeeeeee 99

United) States Eishi€ ommissionese oe pene eee eee eee ene 100 Bureau of Mthnology.. 2.0. 3 so. aces ee cee ee ee eee J;—Explorations) 2) 265 sae d Sa cnces ae eee oe eee 101 Collector's; Oubits..2222,. 5 ee ee On ee eee ee 114

SECTION IJ.—REPORTS OF THE CUNATORS.

BU PUNOLO LY cis oo, ssine’sbieie/ =i sts shoe oie! b efejore/ Sioa cwaiisiem ceases lar See Seat eee 119 American prenistorie pottery =2.2.5 sce ek ek tees Sere oe Ee ee eee 135 MIMentAl ANbIQUIbIES eee 2) eileee ee sig:s Sisienvidid’s, Moyesie'steiy amie sya eee ieee eee 137 EListorical Collections) sce mci oes «foes enis ae Sat eae eee CeCe OPE 141 GTAP BIC ALUB Esc. selec cciss, 02 clelocisie Naveen ores va kis etise sass ee oe ee ee | Mransportation/and enpineerin gs... 22.2 cis en= c= cece = cee meer eee ere 159 HOLOSULY Sis nn orton be een enone be tae Gs Bei ae eee ee CoE Eee Coane ere 163

KMoods'and textiles. 3. ssciticien oocis nl bei sie culel Scene Rae. Sone ee eee 165

CONTENTS. XI

Page MeGeni apa UG terete este ee oes beine = Se wna oY oreo elain) nie wisioislw sin els wie) sere rien 175 BTeMishoniceanGhHrOpOlOoyie- sen. sce seals jeiceelese cs sae = Secicisisele dewcascee ss 179 VEER a Speier eaters fe inte ol sinis be iclela cl.e'cisieou,aiewisio cis eicue sioje nia epsice shoe siclaiersive'sle 2 189 ind Sere erie seettee ee a eace es cecccclosecos Wise socees dee cecetsedtinvadeses- 195 Heel sme COS peace ois eae loisiae asicletsee cnet cise a's 22 Seiaee Siciaebe slows ceases. = 199 RE pulesram db atrachian geen sss etes ss mele. cee cnejecles oes soees Hee eea cceees 201 ISHS ee eee eee eens Sain aaae aie oecee canlocis Soaisee viewee cotece cetods cones. 205 Molla smemeemurn cee maa ace Maas es ete ciciainacd se ccc nasece ms eaeneeeee ees 211 MSEC USPC R ee cee cnn oe oe ee einer Gees oe wet aci ts de cisegeae oe se eeeeee. < 219 Marineinvertebrates)..--..----.--+-- --..-.-- Eee ge aera EE eran i-layer a 223 CompaLativjeyan aOMy; ss ei oos oe eects alessio a ¢ oe Sacks OS Semis a wtlese ete eee 231 Invertebrate fossils: PULGUAING s2 36 Boones Goose a codes yeculbe cocun ao aed ene see eCee obec ees Pec sae = 233 MICS OZOUC rem (eloa) co ciniaisy cies ota iaiete isos Sele eae eetink “Seale emanate at 235 QUAM) Sea Gagor Sb BSA eO OP Se aOR ID EHO DOC e Nees cher aE ete See aia ee een 237 NTR poacher Soees SoS Ge SOO EC OCE SCTE BOSC ae Baar eM A aie er seine oe 241 Gemlooygernra ne eee as see eae sole Oe omeeaebeces Chesed te See beck oe 243 SECTION II].—PaPERS DESCRIBING AND ILLUSTRATING THE COLLECYIONS IN THE U. 8. NaTIonaL MUSEUM. Iehhestiuimmingy birds) Byehobert hid way 22s ces 62 see= Sea ese ease ese 953 2. White-line Engraving for Relief-Printing in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. (Dotted prints, gravures en maniere erib!ée, Schrotbliitter. ) Bg Ore et COC INLET: a Sars cee eae eee Saree Stash ale ae eheciseaseitin ase nis Sareea 385 3. the Methods of Pire-making. By Walter Hough -----..------...-------- 395 4. The Ulu, or Woiman’s Knife, of the Eskimo. By Otis T. Mason-......---- 411 5. The Ancient Pit-dwellers of Yezo, Japan. By Romyn Hitchcock ......... 417 6. The Ainos of Yezo, Japan. By Romyn Hitchcock ..---.......--...--..--- 429 7. Hand-book for the Department of Geology in the U.S. National Museum. Part I.—Geognosy.—The Materials of the Earth’s Crust. By George P. Mer rill Bereta atstcicpete act anials sink bel a ksls we cie/se ueeieiangs welt eemee 503 8. The Catlin Collection of Indian paintings. By Dr. Washington Matthews, WAS RAG me peti tee cena se Seas sic ee cee eiae Sera asae 593 9. The Log of the Savannah. By J. Elfreth Watkins ..-.................-.. 611

10. Anthropology at the Paris Exposition in 1889. By Thomas Wilson....... 641

SECTION IV.—BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DURING TIIE FIS- CAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1890.

I. Publications of the Museum...-.-...---....--..- Set oe oe ie alee ie pe RO 6833 II. Papers by officers of the National Museum and other investigators whose writings are based directly or indirectly on museum material

SECTION V.—LIST OF ACCESSIONS TO THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1890.

isto lMmaAcCCesslONS ects aie ack ee sere ae oate © Woes hadi ae cach os ees welche sis 719 Nynex losvael OC a itiygrenra rs ees eee rere ee ene da se aa a a ee ek 769 Index by departments in the National Museum .........................----- 779

General index .......-....... ESC SCISSOR ee GO A ae ye POR et oee BIA 2 ME a, 789

Ra he

pees: ort

tae a te

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATES.

THE HuMMING Birps. By ROBERT RipGway. Page. Pl. I. Four nests of Calliope Humming Bird, Stellula calliope ...-.- .----.-----+-=-- 282 Il. Nest of Calliope Humming Bird, Stellula calliope ..----.--.---.-.------------- 282 Ill. Nest of Calliope Humming Bird, Stellula calliope ..--.......------------------ 282 IV. Nests of Gray-throated Hermit, Phacthornisgriseigularis. (After Gould)-..---. 284 V. Nest of Pygmy Hermit, Phacéthornis pygmeus. (After Gould).-....----...-.-- 284

XIV. KV. XVI.

XVII. XVITI-XXIV.

XXV. KXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX.

KXX.

XXeXT.

XXXII.

XXXII.

XXXIV.

XXXYV,

XXXVI. XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XKXIX.

XL. XLI.

. Fig. 1. Nest of Frilled Coquette, Lophornis magnijicus.

. Nest of Allicd Emerald, Agyrtria afinis. . Nest of Brazilian Emerald, Chl. rostilbon prasinus. . Nest of Red-throated Sapphire, Hylocharis sapphirina. . Nest of Brazilian Wood-nymph, Vhalurania glaucopis. . Nest of Short-billed Emerald, Agyriria brevirostris. . Nest of the Sparkling-tail, Tilmatura duponti. . Nest of Wiery Topaz, Topaza pyra.

(After Gould.) 2. Nest of Pichinchian Hill-star, Orcotrochilus pichincha. (From Proc. GO: SOO, Ivoiaclora, Wess, jynecy XY) = seees5 cases ca sSaceessoncanpooosooc[] ¢AiteriGould)is- 2 cusceecoccsenceaere (After Gould) (After Gould) ....... (After Gould) (After Gould) (After Gould) i2c-2--ee..cacce (After Gould) Nest of De Laland’s Plover-crest, Cephallepis delalandi. SHRGISHOM Ole FRA LOUIS CONN RUS) os aacdssosecsasonc oeaene ~ scene ueekenaracecooceonns Giant Humming Bird, Patagona gigas. (After Gould) Vervain Humming Bird, Mellisuga minima (male, nest, and eggs) Outlines of Humming Lirds’ tails. --.. te Pcey = iceyte den ae cists aeicrseietee mieieistets aise White-booted Racket-tail, Steganura underwoodi. (After Gould).......-....- Guerin’s Helmet-crest, Oxypogon guerini. (After Gould) Herran’s Thorn-bill, Ramphomicron herrani. (After Gould).............--.- De Laland’s Plover-crest, Cephallepis delalandi. (After Gould)...........-.. Fig. 1. Popelaire’s Thorn-tail, Popelairia popelairia. (After Gould). 2. Convers’ Thorn-tail, Popelairia conversi. (After Gould)............... Fig. J. Princess Helena’s Coquette, Lophornis helene. (After Gould). 2. Adorable Coquette, Lophornis adorabilis. (After Mulsant and Ver- reaux)

Fig. 1. Spangled Coquette, Lophornis reginw. (After Gould).

2. Great-crested Coquette, Lophornis reguius. (After Gould).--.......- Vig. 1. De Lattre’s Coquette, Lophornis delatrii. (After Gould).

2. Tutted Coquette, Lophornis ornatus. (After Gould) ..-...-......----- Fig. 1. Frilled Coquette, Lophornis magnificus. (After Gould).

2. Heliodore’s Wood-star, Acestrura heliodori. (After Gould) .......--.-. Fig. 1. Aline’s Puff-leg, Hriocnemis aline. (After Gould).

2. Snow-cap, Mierochera albocoronala. (After Gould) .................--

Rivoli Humming Bird, Hugenes fulgens. (Male and female)

Blue-throated Humming Bird, Celigena clemencie. (Male and female)

Ruby-throated Humming Bird, Trochilus colubris. (Male ,female, and nest) ..

Fig.1. Floresi’s Humming Bird, Selasphorus floresii Gould. (From a speci-

men (No. 2620), in the collection of Walter E. Bryant, San Francisco,

Califor lal mescme nas «acces saccwesnk cen yiheece es oseae cameos as

2. Violet-throated Humming Bird, Trochilus violijugulwm Jettries. (From

the type, in the collection of Dr. J. Amory Jeffries, Boston, Massa-

chusetts)

Costa’s Humming Bird, Calypte coste.

Rufous Humming Bird, Selasphorus rufus. Calliope Humming Bird, Stellula calliope.

(Male, female, and nest)...-..--...-- (Male, female, and nest)..-.--.--. (Male, female, and nest)

330 338 344 354

XIV

PL. XLII. XLIT!. XLIV.

XLV. XLVI.

WHITE-LINE ENGRAVING FOR RELIEF-PRINTING IN THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURIES.

XLVII.

XLVIITI.

XLIX. L.

LI.

THE ULU, OR WOMAN'S

LIL. LUI. LIV.

ENV; LVI.

LVII.

LVIII. LIX.

LX. EXT. LXIt. LXIIt. LXV. EEXSVEe LXVI.

LXVII.

LXVIII.

LIX. LKX.

LXXtI.

LXXII.

THE

LX XIII. LXXIV. LXXYV. LXXVI. LXX VII. LXXVILII. LXXIX. LXXX,

LXXXI. LXXXII. LXX XIII. LXXXIV. LXXXV LXXXVI.

. Aino, Urap

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Lucifer Humming Bird, Calothorax lucifer. (Male and female)............_.. 560 Rieffer’s Humming Bird, Amazilia fuscicaudata. (Male).................--.- 366 Xantus’s Humming Bird, Basilinna cantusi. (Male, female, and nest) ......- 370 Circe Humming Bird, Jachelatirostris. (Male, female, andnest) ..-.........-. 374 Heloisa’s Humming Bird, Atthis heloisa. (Maleand female).--........-...-.-. 380

By S. Rk. KOEHLER.

The Coronation of the Virgin, reproduced from the original in the U. S. National, Museum’ 233 eke smite seen ee ticle mass 3 5ey5 Se eee

The Trinity between St. Crispinus and St. Crispinianus, reproduced from the Oy OLRSNOIN FoR HVENY LWhi/ ISN VINAUNS 565655. skonaeoosonGoscassseeoancsss cossosas

The Crucifixion, reproduced from the origina: in the U.S. National Museum. -

St. Francis (St. Benedict ?), reproduced from the original in the U.S. National Museum

THE METHODS OF FIRE-MAKING,. By WALTER HOUGH.

oh)

The first friction-match. Lucifer, ‘‘ loco tocos. (Pbotograph of an original box in the Essex Institute, Salem, Massachusetts. Kindness of the InstituberhnouciimD mawWiheatland) peseseeereereeeeeereee renee eee eee

KXNIFE, OF THE EskIMO. By OvIs T. Mason. Figs. 1 to 4. Vigs. 1 to 3. Figs. 1 to 3. Vigs. 1 to 3. Vigs. 1 to 3. Higs. 1 to 3. Figs. 1 to 3. Figs. 1 to 4. Figs. 1 to 3. Figs. 1 to 3. Figs. 1 to 3. Figs. 1 to 5. Figs. 1 to 4. Figs. 1 to 6. Fiys. 1 to 5.

Figs. 1 to 3.

Figs. 1 to 4. Figs. 1 to 4. Figs. 1 to +. Figs. 1 to 3. Figs. 1 and 2.

Egyptian leather worker and East Greenland ulus........-. --. Greenland ulus

Wilws)fromeNortherneAlas kam sseeee se ese ere eee erase eee Ulus from Northern Alaska Ung) Tire INO neon AVMs). —oofss5 bess sccossososssen cose cannes Ulus from Kotzebue Sound Ulus from Hotham Inlet and Cape Nome Ulus from Plover Bay, St. Lawrence Island, and Norton Sound -- OMNIS) ore) WOON Sth NGlS - 2 soe bass oe esc nsses coesesde aa zsososo: Ulus from Norton Sound and Lower Yukon Ulus from Norton Sound and vicinity Ulus from Norton Sound to Kuskokvyim River Ulus from Kuskokyim district Ulus from Bristol Bay UilustiromiBris tol ayes oes sin sce een eee Ulus from Bristol Bay, Alaskan Peninsula, and Kadiak..-......- Ulus from Kadiak and southward LONhWS) Theor Wave) TELE VO) IOANCMBINE) = 2s cece ss Gonaseesasao case. cecose

ANCIENT PIT-DWELLERS OF YEZO, JAPAN. By ROMYN HITCHCOCK.

Ancient pottery from M.1’Abbe Puret collection......... --......5..-...---. View, otyNemurojand :Bentenjimansereea-eeneeeeecce eeeeee ee caer cee eee eeeeeeee Village of Shikotan—generall view -.-----------2-200ceses=oe=s Selneatee eee Vallacers)(<unilewslanders)|Shilkobanten-eeeee eee eeeee rece Ee eee ee eeeeE eres Streetiacene, Shikotan :; Sschys chs. isead cae skate eaeeis wie arslotain ciation cts ee eee nneeetes Thatched house and passage- way, Shikotan Beda HAOHACO o aan OScHUasG a7 necoSeRe

Earth houses, Shikotan

THE ATNOS OF YEZO, JAPAN. By Romyn Hrirciicock. Ancient pottery from M. lV Abbe Furet collection EQnis hi Karl ANNOG, .cieyz aria cyeserms o aiess ape a syele oss MARTA Se PERE ER one Eee rEe Tsuishikari Aino Groupjot Ainos, Abashiti) --- 52-0 .caewe aces Shacioe Dosa cooNoscoboFSGoncoaoanaTs

ANTI OPA DASHITE: cc tractauclerslerstw aie ariaiaeree a die sini 9:3 «aa Bie See eis eee One e ieee ee

PL. LXXXVILI. LXXXVIII.

LXXXIX.

XC. XCI. XCII. XCIII.

XCIV.

XCV.

XCVI. XCVII. XCVIII. XCIX,

C. CI.

CII.

CIII. CIV.

CV. CVI. CVil. CVIII. CIX. CX. CXI. CXII. CXIII. CXIV. CXV. CXVI. CXVII.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

AUN O PANDASHIPL ese ec cewieisisceeiseeccses eels Agadosens certo steoeaciecsoe ecete PAU NOW inal Dmteseisietale fe esas a cteeiareal = SORE Ore ope Cee meee OldeAing; -Tokoroe2<.72ssc0 sce EPP Bieta s aoe s/o cia anne Sa Soa enere eee m am eeaeaae se Aino girl, Urap PACITORW {OM CMPACD AS MM Ig] serste tere icrercine ese = siale reeset aie ett wi alee eine rms oon slereie © elem eae ise Aino girls, Tokoro......-..--- Staace bsseeunectocedcn sent a5 sogeauceoconeesonadc PANO MW OMI AU MOMMA De lalaefete ctettaloiie siete a) slice alone injec sje dre tiniabiciercishastaaetes eeeimieree PAID OF OE Wren De tate = atare\anin sia (etaciar= wioieta\= a2 cra inie ni sisiete eve w aiaiciela dele meeineie inter sicte eer Oldie oman eh Ok: ONO Hsiao epey eve vne eisss oie ay s.re Sicjmin cls wise iesiers Acie S/S Se Ses os ale onwraarels Aino clothing Aino sandals, snow-shoes, and fish-skin shoes Aino house and storehouse, Shari Aino house, Shari

Aino house and store-house, Bitskai Aino house and store-house, Shari IM teLLoMoiP@hOUuse Divs KAI cme ere eels nse ercleriomniiessiec eeicie se asetee aa aicieinaateae Aino woman making a mat Win CHASE) Tn ns cambd! Genii Gy abyeer Seo Soe gasssobene se cssson nee eeanecders Aino chiefs saluting Ainos greeting Hunting scene—set-bow Spearing seal Aino river boats, Tokoro Aino river boat, Urap Sacrecihed CewNiusm aya es asters one ereciet cima eiaiots ele wish efulate a latasicrare aiele ate leraielsiscs FAN ORDCRTAGAL Oyo MATL tye terse errs teterele tate erate ata aot ate mie oie i ai apasstons euntatsreyarclaieatiopnaele ce mre Dance around the bear cage.......---.- ope SiatS auete wis/E aie be ciate ins Sl eihalceie Bie lee Sa eISte Shooting the bear Crushinertherh ear xc escecmsamncaty sec ea sess cee ers awrsieyerataia wien ca cinve aleie’= al cle isiainsieteiats Offerings to the dead bear

~ HAND-BOOK FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY IN THE U.S. NATIONAL Musrzum.

PART I.—GEOGNOSY, THE MATERIALS OF THE KARTH'S CRUST.

CXVIIl.

CXIX.

CXxX.

CxXXI. CXXII. CXXIII. CXXIV.

CXXV.

CXXVI. CXXVII.

CXXVIII.

CXXIX.

By GEORGE P. MERRILL.

Fic. 1. Basalt showing slaggy structure. 2. Basalt showing vesicular structure.-.................-.----..--- eee Fic. 1. Chert breccia cemented by zinc blende. 2. Felsite breccia formed of felsitic fragments imbedded in a matrix of UheysameyconIpositlonieses esac ete er meses eee cece eee ciaeeeeeeeies . Microstructure of granite. . Microstructure of micropegmatite. . Microstructure of quartz porphyry. . Microstructure of porphyritic obsidian. . Microstructure of trachyte. > UEC RORTDICHINGS Ort SNA NEINHING). 984 ocenen ceence sooo paocesueseseeecaes . Pisolitic limestone. . Odlitic limestone . Botryoidal hematite. 2. Clay-iron stone septarian nodule 1 and 2. Shell limestones. 3. Coral limestone 1. Banded gneisses. Oth Oliabede ON SISSesrmersecis acle aie e oaaisclecele + (isan eee aalsac anemia Netects 1 and 2. Concretionary pebbles of siliceous sinter. 3. Concretionary aragonite. 7 LEGA so k.ce baseHbetane So neCas) clacbe Saas HoCnoe Ber oSeroanaScecca . Orbicular diorite. F GRANILEISNNEROMMe she eices We septa sre ce ciyeinssie cle siete = visas Aaleerate meee . Quartz porphyry showing eomatne ritic structure. . Quartz porphyry showing flow structure.......-......-.....-.-- ---- . Liparite, pumiceous form. . Liparite, obsidian form. . Liparite, rhyolite form. 4, Liparite, nevadite form Obsidian with ithophiy See ate e- 2. ol arlgee eis cielee nce cielsia eee

Fic.

Fic.

ht pd Fo) Ot > co BD

Fic.

Figs

Fie.

FIGs.

Fic. Fig.

Fig.

wnrenrene >

meet ew ees eae a see

XVI

THE CATLIY

CXXxX.

CXXXI.

CXXXIT. CXXXIII. CXXXIV. CXXXY. CXXXVIL CXXXVII. CXXXVIII. CXXXIX.

CXL. CXLI.

CXLII.

CXLIII. CXLIV.

CXLV. CXLVI.

CXLVII.

CXLVIII.

CXLIX.

CL.

CLI. CLII. CLILII. CLIV.

CLV.

CLVI.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

COLLECTION OF INDIAN PatintTines. By Dr. WASHINGTON MaTTHEWs, U.S. A.

- Page,

Catlin dining with Mah-to-toh-pa (Four Bears), Mandan chief, July, 1832, at the Mandan village, Upper Missouri. (From Donaldson’s ‘‘ Catlin Indian

Gallery,” Plate 123)......-.. Sacto oossee sacs pose sosesosscotesestecsssseo 2: Fic. 1. Scene on the Upper Missouri. 2. Bad lands on the Upper Missouri..-.... Deno IUBOD SAA daOKeAAe ISemosaese Fic. 1. Bluffs on the Upper Missouri. 2. Scene on banks of the Upper Missouri .................. ..2-.-.------ Fic. 1. Hills of the Loéss, Upper Missouri. Qc BOY OS CLAV.O eh etic S nse ae eee avles ce sieeean Maree seieeie cies eae see eee Fic. 1. Blackbird’s grave. Poy AD M|KG WV) 2a VG) So oo scols sero oddaane ncosbd eobondobaapceeasosccos Hemoce Fic.1. Falls of St. Anthony in 1835. 2 Modexznpball sio tS te Anthonye eee saeee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eer ee Fic.1. Buffalo-hunt on horseback. 2. Mandan gameof ‘‘tchung-kee.”’ (From Donaldson’s ‘‘ Catlin Indian

Gallery,’’ Plate 74)..-..- Sis Seis iel acta = oreye eels Sora cen a ee

Choctaw ball-play. (From Donaldson’s ‘‘Catlin Indian Gallery,” plate 72)... Buffalo surround. (Krom Donaldson’s ‘‘ Catlin Indian ee plate 69)...-.. Hunting buffalo on snow-shoes: (From a painting in the U. S. National Mu- seum by George Catlin) Wour bears, 1832 cc cis we cis wee eeis 2s eiesies) | else ayant a ae loy rete oa Oe eee Rushing eagle, 1872 Black moccasin: Chief of the Minnetarees. dian Gallery,” Plate 46) Red jacket. (From Donaldson’s ‘‘Catlin Indian Gallery,” Plate 55).--....... Portraitsiof Osceolavees . 42 nse cesias aie ies serena tee esie S aeii= a Se eee Keokuk. (From Donaldson’s ‘Catlin Indian Ganerns! Plate l0) epee eee eee Black Hawk. (From painting in the National Museum by George Catlin).- - Interior of Mandan Medicine Lodge during first three days of the Okeepa. (From Donaldson’s ‘‘Catlin Indian Gallery,” Plate 92).-.... .-.....---.-- Bull-dance. Mandan ceremony of the Okeepa. (From Donaldson’s ‘‘ Catlin Indian: Gallery,’ iPlatesg3) 2s ost eee ae a eee one eee Cutting scene. Mandan ceremony of the Okeepa. (From Donaldson’s ‘“ Cat- lindndian)Gallery.* Blatei94)). 25-22. ee neces ase eee eee eee eee The last dance. Mandan ceremony of the Okeepa. (From Donaldson's “ Cat- lin} Indian’ Gallery.) Plate}95)/ sc se. se ee eec aoe echoes seanie ee eeee ners

(From Donaldson’s ‘‘ Catlin In-

THE LOG OF THE SAVANNAH. By J. ELFRETH WATKINS. Lhevsteamship Savanna vis-eaeseaa se eee eee eee ee a eee eee Eee ee Eee Moses Rogers; captainiofi they Savannah) -s4 se) 4-5 ee eee eee eee see eee Solid silver coffee urn, presented to Capt. Moses Rogers........-..-...------- Marble tombstone in the cemetery at New London, Connecticut, to ‘hen memory of Stevens Rogers, sailing master of the Savannah Log book of the Savannah Facsimile of two pages of the log book of the Savannah, in the handwriting of Stevens Rogers, sailing master

ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION 1889. By ‘THOMAS WILSON.

CLVII. CLVIII. CLIX,

CLX.

CLXI. CLXII.

CL&ILL. Pictograph.

Representation of the Neanderthal or Canstadt race of men.......---.-...-.. Lepresentation of the Cro-Magnon race of men representation of a group of prehistoric men of the Neolithic or Polished

Stone Aigere os eiscicisiecveselatsis cee emierese see ee POR R eee oe eee ee eee eee

Represeutation of a group of prehistoric men of the Bronze Age tepresentation of Aztecs working the Agave plant Fic. 1. Engraving on stone of dolmen.

2. Engraving on support of dolmen. 3. Specimens of engravings on supports of dolmen..-.......-..-...-----

Polished stone hatchet. Dolmen of Gavr’ Inis, Morbihan,

France

600

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XVII

TEXT FIGURES.

THE HumMING Birvs. Ly Roperr RipGway.

Page. Fic. 1. Pterylosis of Floriswga mellivora...--..--..------.---- BE EONS ORE Oo EEE REECE ae 291 PRO MOUer-OindlelOty SCs PLOT Sip Aly CET CLUS = a= ia nianiyaie sie = een sie ee a eee einle ae 292 Be GACOLPHALLOMUDUSIILOLOSCTUCEUIS| aa ea) oe == ee aay a eae wie BSG siisss) oa cee eos 294 APO M LOOM AE ULLANTUDISNILOLOSETUCEUS a= ae fo = minis ho wea te ae a nine mein eee i= a= esteem olan 294 5. Head of Docimastes ensiferus ...-..----.---..-- ates Bee nett aoe eS SSE 296 CHE adoneneamphOMACnOM TUCO NA TUCILILI Ue ene ne) .e = 2 -)oia\emlle)sjminlale elem 2 ieee a eles iene i 296 Ty JUAN GE TOROS GING) SS ae hin baterpecee SA de Sa sOGe OL UOODSC EEE Sta acs ha ae Mean eoaeooscao 297 Sh, LES GR ASIGOUIRU TA UGK COORD sas 56 Spore IEE Bere COR eee emer ae Ere ese oen peiciarmrarh Cae ac 297 OREO teAVOCCULE CMEC UNUUNOSLTUS = amine 4 anatase is == seems os ere wie eneleisiSOR sees sere eee 297 TO; LW OR Je OOW Ure Ce gebae mo cb Geieoeos cea bep Se OUaeHOretnas Sec crore st ete CAC Sr En oecoar 297 lees Ot SchisiesrgeGipnOu ts cate wana a viel sie sicisien Aa sina sata tos areisis cto a einiewenioinn cle mice Sobre mele ele 297 am OfeA TOC ONTO UULOTUGLES slain ice waiyelojatelsyeieinisteis alse. sso Saja micinejess atbinsa clea eieis elem ae eee 297 ome cadiotelyLOChOTUsrs MD ILUntTO ame ane setae sae ae aware aiaet eta ee eee ae ee cece ania 298 14. Head of Hugenia imperatrixn .....--.---..--.-------.--- paaysiaiepats io Sie sire wt cine Sie sin See ST 298 Ne, Visine Oo NGC OPUS THOMA HU ona cicl de eseSacsen Hea oan oHEt ene he sce oe sGeeeeaeae sac 298 TIGL \WW nine Ot JE OOR OND U8 CKD 0) 1 oa eee Se adele cas. oso hb een bere peeesusaocse ctepeidcasrate 298 I PRAVV ER ROLSAT CIS CLULOLY Sa maharin raisin a sistoe as Steistaiefeician. calves emn ode sine maeeewe sas srisegae 298 1, LARTER OF NAMIE MOT WIG IANO TKOUID = 6 oan aceos sagoond apo © sence aasendaneenconee ss soccoC 298 1G), Wainy OLE TOO ARAB CIOL, OMG), aoe sene secocdene oe enes- 2 5ehes] oo ese soceeesor tae 298 20. Wing of Agleactis cupreipennis.......-..--.-.--.--- 5 Fi QUskaees sncleeee, seme seared 298 Bile \iViliees OE ae PLANS Go MOD Sens emoee be scee neers qeeno seme cnr nce Jor cbuPcoaecorbeccr sacode 299 BPA, \ MAINES CON ASV a) DCO) MRO IY OCHO Uvacie donaaueuce Obbe esbnoec Soeur erenonbooarsectcecronc io gies 299 BBs WY Te OE JOD AON NGO CNC RON Tansseeee Soo. esses scsede cuccees sore rte scmcocdceeade ofoncc 299 BL VTE OL AYR AGUDTOE TOG COUT HOO HITS 26 oo asda soso nbdogeose ca neessacedsscgsb Aagcoooe 299 25. Outer primary of a species of Campylopterus. (From Jardine’s Naturalists’ Library, Hit no Birds) Peeeeeessee-ceeeeeee BESHE Doone abode ante AOA CR Te Sree roscoe 299 ARs SUMO AOAC CKD ocecadcasasocce cedrossee eee Se maicecte aot tent teiatans Ccinciae dete te Se ereene 300 imme ako he HLOmUSILG MINUELUUD ON Che atleast eta aol etal ted tele tereietietetel erm oie etsin sistent aiatele ier ae eer 300 2G. MUSIC JOT OTT TAC OTF 6bn os Sonor or SOC cDaseCCOEEEUCSanEBBOOOne BCesberemsEreecaccac 6 301 29. Mail of Ohalybura buffont...--..-.------.---- Ife Ss 2 Spa ae otetoret Wyela ie nig jerste Glee oer ites 301 SX0, Jetepial @it Olio oM@ied IWGURAR Gono enous soacodcdesmaeceecoosesosoreenbeseeesae Sag syste Seeeieeee 302 SPEC AMO EKOCHEltSICOLUD TUR ts aac ate atstelaarseleretloj=l- saya teinie =i seiaseicielsisim tee sie ois ee Se eae otereyese eters 302 Some adeo te Mey neusnf Marry aoe ean ciscieis etree oe cso cletecie eee cele satis Snece tian See ieeeeceen, mole! SomeleadoleSteulular caution es acs ete cee eierae a cieeratei= ess sis = oyeyareyaieiele@ Schore «a mrs misrejeimaseyoforeynoree ele wie 302 eA mEL Ce CUO ane CULO DLE TCL IL TLC ers axe (ei~ a ayatererc tore evcrcrarelcta\ erect aiessic ara nie atelaiere i weve)aice ctoiwierNeleteiaia ateaetertelerere 302 OMe AULOMORLOTY MDA MOUS =2 2 o-ermsecc nisi tee sone escca Sater case. sescee cece eet wees ae 303 SO MELe AARON) OF OMILUNVUEIUT rcs ae eaerets seein eines ae eine eee cini aan sei Seen GQavekaccaries Paeco, til8 CMe a KOLeAdyG a SLESILILIITA CT ELLUS ay: Sy fee misiore A erateictetoa Sys sfavntera ita Tola wo atte racine Ria eee eee wee oer 303 Bem CAMUOt MOS LUCLENOCTUT CL IIUUTIE erent ae ciate ece aire aes erate ato isle Sib cies ee nies arelaciicye slcterataeiste elotes 303 39. Head of Aithurws polytmus ..--.---- Secbeuos As b6 desseb bes omeaueedoecbeaecseueyopesecooSe 304 QY;.. LSlenval OP LEO ITD COPTIC DS sae ne Sere Eee eo oe hee Bea ee pan CoS Sea eee Sone ge Sar nCe ne cEaaa as 304 Ail, ical OF ON BCHTNO DID TORO EUS pocose sec 2oaces> dedunecocseausen ce obeserecenceoocoanEear 304 CPs. -JEICHIG! CHE TEQNO MG CROAT Racine aa Rocce ane Race aoe SneC CHES e ROR SeC Oc eCeEe pactint ec a Menn ore ae 304 Som rleadiota@enallentslel alana tio naman sissies s/c cyceee sae eisteleie sein elec s Dem eineeeiec ancient =eseer 304 ALLE LOLO fe OD ROTIUS ONTUOUUS: Serene aac rae ae eisai | y= ae ciate coves owie =, Seislsis ers iste aaa Sars 304 A OMPOO UO tel iLOMUELeaMLAVES CETUS sect teisteia ee yeracie setae ei eieta(e rate Sam lor ele seratone = /a(niete tate atch eee 305 A GOMEHOOUO TEL CLLO LO CON CCLILG wer niNe stoic ieee eens aisie wists yates timeiiel, wia-fe icy sjscerso as melee atone 305 47. Outer tail feathers of Calypte anna, Trochilus colubris, 7. violajugulum, and T. alexandri. 331

WHITE-LINE ENGRAVING FOR RELIEF-PRINTING IN THE FIFLEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURIES. By S.

Fie. 48.

49, 50.

Fig. 51. 52. 53. 54,

R. KOEHLER.

Fragment from a ‘‘dotted print” of the fifteenth century .-.-...-...----.-------------- 389 Fragment from a wood-engraving by Thomas Bewick .......-...------.---------------- 389 Enlargement of part of a wood-engraving by 'l. Cole. (By permission of the Century

Gara REY) epee ey etapa ers eae te alert ne sepa ts ate es eee Ith a larslete ia ic) cecjaialdaidtine myaiclale water d Seteberamic rele 392

THE METHODS OF FIRE-MAKING. BY WALTER HouGH.

Making fire with simple two-stick apparatus of the Hupas.-.....-..-..---.--------..--- 396 isis ting Delkin Con Ghotl Ss Sh50 seers ccoetes aes Seon cere aacke pe ReeeE Ac erStamrcmacioe aS 397 Wie Tie EEO Tain Chall ee scnase eee SSSdots CoE eo aoe oeos Meee eeeon eee ore sqonbecd 397 roquoinppuMpracilletorsm akin oom essemee aieeeecee acetic sacle aseieiee 2 -cle alsin esto esta lsieals/oi= 398

H. Mis. 129, pt. 2-——11

Fic. 64. » Blaniot dwelling: shikotantes----e eam cMen= shee alias pe srieaee aeeee e eee eee eee UMM SicAlinstrument, SHikoLan see seeeeeerees sss eee aise ener 2 diate Oe ee ee 5 (Obra pine ayn, Slab ROUEN cocoon cenads Cocos Ss cooses osbaas Soe aosesao seo sorresoteseeccssccee

Fic. 68. ! Rice:-bowl and tish-plate; isurishikanipAwnOs'-2> == 22s cebitess ence ase eee eee ae eeeeae . Outlines of cross sections of Aino hairs. (From photographs) ...-.-.....-..----------- . Frame-work of front part of an Aino house. (From a photograph).--.....--....--..-.. .- Bark-dish used asia) fish-plate “so222. eaes Jo pcan sien ele Sein cone seine = ee eee eee . Bark water bucket and dipper ---..------ versie eeusenceat -ensensce sea aiees eee eee eee "Carved wooden pilates: -e--=- eee aer ena heer e ee ees cee eee eer ae eee eee . Wooden spoons and carved spatulas ngeil J LNW OA DIN 8 ees laccins eioeaiam loca alte ee eee p Cree SNE CR CER) Sab osese see Soceedaaes doadasaes PosSbS 2UOboSoSonoS doDaoreODsHSsoscces+ . Saké cup and stan. and TSIEN MIG Sea sonore. Lede Sarina pasaS cca AScpcocios coapae rss S-AGno tobacco plpesie = - a=] ese ee S Scooss ses osatsses sage nb cose posses noousessecoosese- ER ODACCOMDORESieLTLOUS tL C Hes oyster tet ele ate teaches eae a eater ete AX WORT BNVE! s.5-aacsdcopegoosenosoncosedes Soasossan sSc0scoseod ssendestenersorescse AL ONKAT) eee ee sep ene seni oeneteiee ee See Geena ie aia a aaa ee see ee eee eee ate

aI 4 +14 Co sm ow

oo 00 6 a)

83.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

. Fire-making by sawing, after the Burmese and Malay method. (From photograph in

the Wes: National Museu) cee see eae eae eee ee ae eee eee

. Fire-making by plowing. (Drawn from specimen in the U.S. National Museum)...--.. . Dyak fire syringe, or Besiapi. (From plate in Jour. Anthrop. Inst., Great Britain, KIX,

TBOO) sick sacle gee Ahe ca legion boats eee Se aa Eee

PSU phue-WACKS) ste asco ee lee ee eee ee Pee eames eee eee eee Psalphur “spunks.2 (Presented byiGeorselG. MEy el) seeeee eos eee =e) eee eee 5 Simone SOM 5 4. seach oss essSsseseteseessecsseres Susse Ss occdsessecessseccestst =e . Shaving-matches. (eiseonted by GeorgeiG.Pry.er) asses occas scents =Ce eee eee Eee weBlock-matCHesmerce-oa-e eee ee ea ee ener ree eae ere eer eet niiei isis =\n\-/s)-te ee eis Se eae

THE ANCIENT PIT-DWELLERS OF YEZO, JAPAN. By ROMYN HITCHCOCK.

SUGiGamehy Ob MYA) easaone sane. So5hcoso caceococoDEpoobecsacon dees saSecsyetcsccoscsense

Tuer ATNos OF Y&Z0, JAPAN. By RomMyn HITCHCOCK.

SHO tenehsy Ole VeWeebl So5-boocss5 235555 sSenocuscmoe ssc annonUgESNaseSsesscnoSHossoo tes

MANO; PLANES ieee cesar Bas ea eeaee ence coer Miniesis/daisiare'» aisieie ain peer isepee eee nee es

81. Bows, arrows, and quiver .----- metals nie Siolela aleianic= =o ale salae iste = lalatota ioe eis aie ae ere ee ete eee tees

Spears; meedle fomimakinestish-Nets ease seach ease ie seae ee ee see. eee eee » Inao—willow sticks with shavings\attachedy sees. 2s eaes eee nae ee eee see ee eeee ; Ceremonial bark head.dressy 2 2522-8 2. hcens coe ote sevice eta Haciemion eee Oe CoE eee

HAND-BOOK FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY IN THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

PART J, GEOGNOSY.—THE MATERIALS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST. By GEORGE P. MERRILL.

Fig. 89.

90. . Microstructure of oolitic limestone trom Princeton, Kentucky --..-.-...---.---.---..--. . Microstructure of sandstone from Portland, Connecticut .......--.-..-.--- nitteeeeceteee . Microstructure of crystalline limestone from West Rutland, Vermont.......----.--.--- . Microstructure of gneiss from West Andover, Massachusetts..-..-.-...--.------- ap seos¢ . Microstructure of quartzite from Potsdam, New York...-.-..---..---- .--------------- . Microstructure of diabase from Weehawken, New Jersey ..---------- .-----------++e--e > Microstructure of porphyritic lherzolite: +22. --seee se ceesiese see eee eee bese ee eee oe . Microstructure of pyroxenite .-.-..---...----s.-ca0ceee a isdlnie, aes elem slelcinictate ‘spatseisiereelereeeetets

Fig. 99.

Mounted thin section of rock as prepared for the microscope ..-...-.-.-----.------------- AUN PFibe-albering imbo hornblende. (Atther Elaiwies) petri era ee eerie ela

ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARIs Exposivion. By THOMAS WILSON.

Possible alphabetic characters from K.ahun, twelfth dynasty, Egypt.--..-.---..--..--.

SEC Pion,

ee Oh CONDITION AND PROGRESS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1890.

G. BROWN GOODE,

ASSISTANT SECRETARY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, IN CHARGE OF U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

H. Mis. 129, pt. 2 1

ERRATA.

Page 75, line 22, for ‘‘Sebright” read ‘‘Seabright.”

Page 75, line 32, for ‘‘Madaagascar” read ‘‘ Madagascar.” Page 82, line 14, for “‘daguerrotypes ” read “daguerreotypes.” Page 156, line 3, for ‘‘Golzius” read “‘Goltzius.”

Page 229, line 21, for ‘‘John Hopkins” read ‘‘Johns Hopkins.” Page 689, line 3 from below, for ‘‘Nation” read ‘‘ National.” Page 720, line 11 from below, for ‘‘specimnens” read ‘‘species.” Page 759, lines 32 and 33, for ‘‘mocasins” read “moccasins.”

Nis, Dee a aval b

UPON

THE CONDITION AND PROGRESS OF THE U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1890,

BY G. BROWN GOODE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the National Museum.

A.—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.

In January, 1847, the first Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, after many weeks of consultation and deliberation over the plans for its organization, unanimously voted the following resolution:

Resolved, That it ts the intention of the act of Congress, and in accord- ance with the design of Mr. Smithson, as expressed in his will, that one of the principal modes of executing the act and the trust, is the accumulation of collections of specimens and objects of natural history and of elegant art, and the gradual formation of a library of valuable. works pertaining to all departments of human knowledge, to the end that a copious store-house of materials of science, literature, and art may be provided, which shall ex- cite and diffuse the love of learning among men, and shall assist the original investigations and efforts of those who may devote themselves to the pursuit of any branch of knowledge.*

This was a high ideal for the future National Museum, but it is one which it has been year after year more closely approaching, and it is hoped that the present report will show that the work accomplished during the fiscal year of 1889-90 has brought us still nearer to its realization.

After the death of Professor Baird, in 1887, the Museum passed from under the direction of the mind by which its policy had been planned for many years. If his biography could be properly written, it would include a full history of the Museum as well as of the Fish Commission, and in minor degree of the Smithsonian Institution itself, for as Secretary and Assistant Secretary he was associated with nearly every phase of its activity during thirty-seven of its forty-one years of

* Report of Committee on Organization, p. 20. 3

4. REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1890.

corporate existence. His relation to it was very similar to that held by Sir Henry Cole to the great national establishment at South Ken- sington in England, so well described in the volumes entitled ‘Fifty Years of Public Work,” and recently published by his son, Mr. Alan Cole.

Upon the firm foundation which he laid, his successors are endeay- oring to build a superstructure, harmonious in plan, but, it may be, different in proportions and even in material. Their policy is not to work as he did, under circumstances different from those which now exist, but to work as he would have done under these changed circum- stances.

EARLY HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM.

The idea of a national museum in the city of Washington was first suggested by the Hon. Joel Roberts Poinsett, of South Carolina, See- retary of War under President Van Buren, who in 1840 organized, for the purpose of establishing such a museum, a society called “The Na- tional Institution,” afterwards ‘*The National Institute,” which was exceedingly prosperous and active for four years. By this Society the nucleus for a national museum was gathered in the Patent Office build- ing in Washington, and public opinion was educated to consider the establishment of such an institution worthy of the attention of the Gov- ernment of the United States. In 1846, having failed in securing the public recognition at which it aimed, and the Smithsonian Institution being by its charter entitled to take possession of the extensive Goy- ernment collections already assembled in its charge, the society became torpid,