{"language": "en", "segments": [{"text": " The flash of power, the gleam of oil, in the sky, the power of oil conquering the", "start": 0.0, "stop": 32.72, "id": 0}, {"text": " heights, on the sea, the might of petroleum, pulsing in great engines of the", "start": 32.72, "stop": 38.84, "id": 1}, {"text": " liners that traverse the deep, on land, oil feeds the fiery furnace or drives the", "start": 38.84, "stop": 45.3, "id": 2}, {"text": " diesel engines along far-flung rails of steel, and on the open road. Well, you", "start": 45.3, "stop": 52.16, "id": 3}, {"text": " know what makes your auto run. For millions of years, this source of power slept", "start": 52.16, "stop": 58.62, "id": 4}, {"text": " peacefully in the dark recesses of the earth until modern magic loosed the liquid", "start": 58.62, "stop": 64.44, "id": 5}, {"text": " energy from its subterranean prison. Great areas became forests of towering", "start": 64.44, "stop": 70.34, "id": 6}, {"text": " derricks, and here's how the petroleum forest grows. A seller is dug, and a", "start": 70.34, "stop": 78.48, "id": 7}, {"text": " rotary table to turn the drilling stem on the bit is set in place.", "start": 78.48, "stop": 82.58, "id": 8}, {"text": " Round and round, the rotary goes drilling deep down to oil. A steam engine drives", "start": 83.72, "stop": 90.26, "id": 9}, {"text": " the drilling mechanism. They're inserting a length of pipe, lengthening out the", "start": 90.26, "stop": 96.6, "id": 10}, {"text": " stem for deeper drilling. A new joint is waiting. Oil field workers are called", "start": 96.6, "stop": 102.88, "id": 11}, {"text": " drillers, roughnecks, roustabouts, rope chokers. The oil field treats our ears to", "start": 102.88, "stop": 108.72, "id": 12}, {"text": " odd and colorful names. Now the drilling stem has been lengthened, then round and", "start": 108.72, "stop": 115.06, "id": 13}, {"text": " round once more. Down through layers of sandstone, shale,", "start": 115.06, "stop": 120.88, "id": 14}, {"text": " limestone, down to astonishing depths. This well, 5,000 feet.", "start": 121.78, "stop": 127.64, "id": 15}, {"text": " Some 10,000, two miles into the earth, and then after weeks of drilling, fighting", "start": 129.14, "stop": 135.6, "id": 16}, {"text": " against natural obstacles, the drill at last reaches the oil sand. Porous", "start": 135.6, "stop": 142.42, "id": 17}, {"text": " rock, which holds the oil much as a sponge, holds water. Next the", "start": 142.42, "stop": 149.18, "id": 18}, {"text": " casing is lowered to the bottom of the hole and cemented in position. Then", "start": 149.18, "stop": 153.6, "id": 19}, {"text": " drilled through the oil sand, and a screen is installed at the base of the", "start": 153.6, "stop": 157.74, "id": 20}, {"text": " casing. The screen extends down into the oil sand. The oil flows through the", "start": 157.74, "stop": 163.54, "id": 21}, {"text": " screen, up through the small pipe cubing to the surface. So they've struck oil,", "start": 163.54, "stop": 168.88, "id": 22}, {"text": " and now the well must be cleaned of the mixture of drill, mud, and oil. Some", "start": 169.4, "stop": 175.04, "id": 23}, {"text": " wells flow of their own pressure. Others must be pumped, need power. The power is", "start": 175.04, "stop": 181.44, "id": 24}, {"text": " transmitted to groups of wells, the ever swaying rocker arm, the rhythm of", "start": 181.44, "stop": 186.46, "id": 25}, {"text": " pumping, the unceasing heartbeat of the oil fields.", "start": 186.46, "stop": 189.74, "id": 26}, {"text": " A 24-well hookup is the height of oil field power. Pumping black magic from two", "start": 190.4, "stop": 197.16, "id": 27}, {"text": " dozen drillings in the earth, all at the same time, out of the ground. The oil is", "start": 197.16, "stop": 202.56, "id": 28}, {"text": " cleaned of natural gas or water, which is combined with it. Next the petroleum", "start": 202.56, "stop": 208.14, "id": 29}, {"text": " starts on its way through a great network of pipelines. There are powerful", "start": 208.14, "stop": 212.66, "id": 30}, {"text": " pumping stations every 40 or 50 miles to keep it moving along the lines. The", "start": 212.66, "stop": 217.48, "id": 31}, {"text": " lines of pipe, alive with racing oil, run through forests and over plains to", "start": 217.48, "stop": 223.54, "id": 32}, {"text": " these silver discs. Their storage tanks where the oil rests briefly before it", "start": 223.54, "stop": 229.54, "id": 33}, {"text": " rides the waves in giant tankers, and their masterpieces of shipbuilding, those", "start": 229.54, "stop": 235.84, "id": 34}, {"text": " tankers of steel. The largest navigate the sea at 15 knots and carry five", "start": 235.84, "stop": 241.44, "id": 35}, {"text": " and a half feet. The refinery", "start": 241.44, "stop": 248.4, "id": 36}, {"text": " with its modern structures, technological towers, minarets of science, docks,", "start": 248.4, "stop": 254.54, "id": 37}, {"text": " office buildings, pageant of industry. Day after day there is an endless flow", "start": 254.92, "stop": 261.84, "id": 38}, {"text": " of oil as the tankers discharge their liquid cargo. Unloading oil is a vast", "start": 261.84, "stop": 266.92, "id": 39}, {"text": " operation of piping through huge hoses. Discharge pipes on the vessel and", "start": 266.92, "stop": 272.1, "id": 40}, {"text": " receiving lines on the dock are connected, and a cargo of less than 24", "start": 272.1, "stop": 278.58, "id": 41}, {"text": " hours. No two cargoes of crude oil are alike, so each boatload", "start": 278.58, "stop": 285.18, "id": 42}, {"text": " must be stored in different tanks, and each batch must be processed individually", "start": 285.18, "stop": 291.14, "id": 43}, {"text": " with laboratory tests to indicate the precise treatment for each.", "start": 291.14, "stop": 295.36, "id": 44}, {"text": " That is embodied science. Those masses of strangely wrought steel, forests of", "start": 296.78, "stop": 302.72, "id": 45}, {"text": " stacks, glowering and hissing boilers, leaping and winking fire boxes. Intense", "start": 302.72, "stop": 309.36, "id": 46}, {"text": " heat, the flames roar in the furnace, yet the oil flows so fast the heat does not", "start": 309.36, "stop": 314.68, "id": 47}, {"text": " scorch it, and scientists rest from the crude petroleum its tremendous power", "start": 314.68, "stop": 320.86, "id": 48}, {"text": " in the form of gasoline and other fuel oils. And that's done in these towers", "start": 320.86, "stop": 327.76, "id": 49}, {"text": " called fractionating towers. They divide crude oil", "start": 327.76, "stop": 331.62, "id": 50}, {"text": " into the lighter and heavier parts.", "start": 331.62, "stop": 333.26, "id": 51}, {"text": " Those of different boiling points liquefy at different levels in the towers.", "start": 333.86, "stop": 337.9, "id": 52}, {"text": " Some lighter than gasoline liquefy at the top, heavier parts liquefy further", "start": 338.54, "stop": 342.82, "id": 53}, {"text": " down. At the bottom are the heavy fuel oils or the raw materials from which", "start": 342.82, "stop": 347.72, "id": 54}, {"text": " lubricating oils are made. When increasing use of motor cars pyramided the demand", "start": 347.72, "stop": 353.2, "id": 55}, {"text": " for gasoline to extraordinary heights, scientists were called upon to devise new", "start": 353.2, "stop": 357.96, "id": 56}, {"text": " methods. How could a greater proportion of gasoline be extracted from the crude", "start": 357.96, "stop": 362.5, "id": 57}, {"text": " oil than that obtained from the fractionating tower alone? To meet this", "start": 362.5, "stop": 367.48, "id": 58}, {"text": " challenge, the scientists turned to products other than gasoline which are drawn", "start": 367.48, "stop": 373.18, "id": 59}, {"text": " from the crude, studied their molecules, and found a way to change them to turn", "start": 373.18, "stop": 379.08, "id": 60}, {"text": " them into gasoline. The result was cracking. Let's look at a diagram of a", "start": 379.08, "stop": 385.86, "id": 61}, {"text": " cracking plant. Here we see how one part of petroleum that is not gasoline is", "start": 385.86, "stop": 390.1, "id": 62}, {"text": " converted into gasoline. Called gas oil, it is pumped through a pipe into a", "start": 390.1, "stop": 395.22, "id": 63}, {"text": " cracking furnace heated to over 900 degrees under tremendous pressure. And the", "start": 395.22, "stop": 400.86, "id": 64}, {"text": " individual particles, molecules, are broken into smaller molecules just as coal", "start": 400.86, "stop": 406.96, "id": 65}, {"text": " is broken under a hammer. If we could see one of those molecules, it would look", "start": 406.96, "stop": 412.2, "id": 66}, {"text": " something like this. The hotter the molecule gets, the faster it wiggles. Until", "start": 412.2, "stop": 417.62, "id": 67}, {"text": " finally it wiggles so fast, it flies apart. The pieces shoot around at great", "start": 417.62, "stop": 422.64, "id": 68}, {"text": " speeds. They eventually find partners and form new and smaller molecules that", "start": 422.64, "stop": 427.4, "id": 69}, {"text": " look something like this. These smaller molecules are now no longer gas oil, but", "start": 427.4, "stop": 432.78, "id": 70}, {"text": " are gasoline of high-powered, noxious quality. Some of the gas oil molecules do", "start": 432.78, "stop": 439.48, "id": 71}, {"text": " not fly apart and must be separated from the gasoline. This is done in the bubble", "start": 439.48, "stop": 445.06, "id": 72}, {"text": " tower. Here the big molecules which are not gasoline are held back and come out", "start": 445.06, "stop": 450.52, "id": 73}, {"text": " at the bottom as a liquid. The gasoline goes up the tower as a vapor, comes out", "start": 450.52, "stop": 456.82, "id": 74}, {"text": " at the top, and is condensed into liquid gasoline. Gasoline that gives more", "start": 456.82, "stop": 463.36, "id": 75}, {"text": " power to you.", "start": 463.36, "stop": 464.92, "id": 76}, {"text": " Experiment is the key to it all, and this is the experimental laboratory.", "start": 466.08, "stop": 471.88, "id": 77}, {"text": " In the making of powerful motor fuel, the control of temperatures is of extreme", "start": 472.82, "stop": 477.58, "id": 78}, {"text": " importance, and it is measured to an accuracy of one hundredth part of one", "start": 477.58, "stop": 483.16, "id": 79}, {"text": " degree. Gasoline is broken down into over 200 parts in that elongated tallness of", "start": 484.48, "stop": 491.3, "id": 80}, {"text": " glass, and each individual part is studied. The laboratory with its strange", "start": 491.3, "stop": 496.8, "id": 81}, {"text": " gleaming of new and unpredictable things. Here are created modern miracles with", "start": 496.8, "stop": 503.16, "id": 82}, {"text": " the chemistry of oil. Tank farm to which the motor fuel goes from the", "start": 503.16, "stop": 509.88, "id": 83}, {"text": " refinery, then out to the nation, by railroad tank car and by motor bars.", "start": 509.88, "stop": 516.12, "id": 84}, {"text": " Pipelines run their web-like nets under rivers, over mountains, carrying gasoline", "start": 517.58, "stop": 523.1, "id": 85}, {"text": " that goes into millions of gasoline tanks to generate billions of horsepower for", "start": 523.1, "stop": 528.56, "id": 86}, {"text": " the nation. Oil means horsepower in a horsepower-using world.", "start": 528.56, "stop": 533.3, "id": 87}, {"text": " Briefly, in four words, more power to you.", "start": 533.78, "stop": 539.6, "id": 88}]}